بررسی فیتوشیمیایی و آنتی اکسیدانی پنج رقم از گیاه دارویی Humulus Lupulus L.در مناطق مختلف استان گلستان
محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان داروییمصطفی حمیدی 1 , سعید نواب پور 2 , محسن فتحی سعد آباد 3
1 - دانشکده تولیدات گیاهی دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان
2 - گروه اصلاح نباتات و بیوتکنولوژی، دانشکده تولیدات گیاهی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی دانشگاه گرگان، ایران
3 - مؤسسه تحقیقات پنبه، گرگان، ایران
کلید واژه: اسانس, آنتی اکسیدان, ترکیبات فنولی, گلستان, رقم های رازک,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسی تأثیر محیط بر میزان ترکیبات فنولی، فلاونوئیدی، خواص آنتی‌اکسیدانی و خصوصیات فیتوشیمایی اسانس پنج رقم گیاه رازک (Humulus Lupulus L.) در چهار منطقه استان گلستان (گرگان، علی‌آباد، گالیکش و آزادشهر)، آزمایشی به صورت طرح بلوک کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در سال زراعی 1401-1400 انجام شد. تهیه عصاره میوه به روش خیساندن با استفاده از حلال استون انجام و محتوای فنولی و فلاونوئیـدی بـه‌ترتیـب بـا روش هـای معـرف فولین_ سیوکالتیو و رنگ‌سنجی کلرید آلومینیوم، فعالیت آنتی اکسیدانی با روش 2و2-دی‌فنیل 1-پیکریل‌هیدرازیل (DPPH) سنجیده شد. اسانس‌گیری میوه به روش تقطیر با آب (طرح کلونجر) و شناسایی ترکیب‌های موجود در اسانس با کروماتوگراف گازی متصل شده به طیف سنج جرمی (GC/MS) انجام شد. درمجموع 32 ترکیب شامل ترکیبات بتا- اسید، آلفا- اسید، کو- هومولون، محتوای روغن، کاریوفیلن، هومولون و مایرسن عمده‌ترین اجزای تشکیل دهنده اسانس‌ها بودند. رقم کسکید در منطقه گرگان از نظر محتوای فنولی، فلاونوئیـدی و فعالیت آنتی‌اکسیدانی بیش ترین میزان را داشت که می تواند به شرایط آب و هوایی منطقه و پتانسیل بالاتر این رقم در تولید ترکیبات ثانویه مرتبط باشد. همچنین تمامی رقم ها در منطقه گرگان، دارای محتوی ترکیبات ثانویه بالاتری نسبت به سایر مناطق بودند. از بین رقم های کشت شده نیز در ابتدا رقم کسکید و سپس سنتنیال در تمامی مناطق کشت، بیش ترین مقدار را داشتند. بنابراین برای دستیابی به ترکیبات ثانویه بیش تر، می توان کشت رقم کسکید را در منطقه گرگان توصیه نمود. از طرفی رقم ناگت[ در گالیکش کم ترین میزان ترکیبات ثانویه را داشت که می تواند به پتانسیل پایین تر این رقم در تولید ترکیبات ثانویه و شرایط آب و هوایی منطقه گالیکش مرتبط باشد که دارای ارتفاع بیش تر بوده و روی تولید محتوی ترکیبات ثانویه اثر منفی دارد. بنابراین، با توجه به تأثیر شرایط مختلف اکولوژیکی بر ترکیبات دارویی گونه‌های مختلف رازک، توصیه می‌شود تأثیر سایر عوامل مانند نوع خاک رویشگاه نیز مورد ارزیابی قرار گیرد.
To investigate the effect of the environment on phenolic and flavonoid contents and antioxidant and phytochemical properties of essential oils in five cultivars of hop, in four regions of Golestan province (Gorgan, Aliabad, Galikesh, and Azadshahr), an experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications during 2021-2022. Fruit extracts were prepared by soaking method using acetone solvent and the phenolic and flavonoid contents and the antioxidant properties were determined via Folin-Ciocalteu, aluminum chloride colorimetric, and DPPH method, respectively. Extraction of essential oils from fruit and identification of the compounds in the essential oil were carried out by water distillation method (Clevenger machine) and a gas chromatograph connected to a mass spectrometer (GC/MS), respectively. Overall, 32 compounds were identified, including Beta-acid, Alpha-acid, Co-humulone, total oil, Caryophyllene, Humulene, and Myrcene compounds, as the main components of the essential oil. Cascade cultivar in Gorgan region had the highest rate of phenolic and flavonoid contents as well as antioxidant activity, which can be related to the climatic conditions of the region and the higher potential of this cultivar. Also, all cultivars in Gorgan region had the highest content of secondary metabolites than others. Among the cultivated cultivars, Cascade and then Centennial had the highest content of secondary metabolites in all cultivation areas. Therefore, in order to achieve higher secondary metabolites, cultivation of Cascade in Gorgan region is recommend. On the other hand, Nugget in Galicash had the lowest content of secondary metabolites, which can be related to its lower potential in production of secondary metabolites and the climatic conditions of Galicash region which is located at a higher altitude and has a negative effect on the production of secondary metabolites. Therefore, considering the effect of different environmental conditions on the medicinal compounds of the species, it is recommended to evaluate the effect of the other factors, including the soil of the habitats.
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_||_Abdollahi, E., Khodaparast, M., Kiashi, F. and Hoormand, M. (2019). Role of medicinal herbs in the development of renal adverse effects: a review study. Journal of medicinal plants. 18:(4), 23-48.
Aberl, A., and Coelhan, M. (2012). Determination of volatile compounds in different Hop varieties by headspace-trap GC/MS in comparison with conventional hop essential oil analysis. Journal of agricultural and food chemistry. 60 (11): 2785- 2792.
Abiko, Y., Paudel, D. and Uehara, O. (2022). Hops components and oral health. Journal of Functional Foods. 92: 105035.
Acosta-Rangel, A., Rechcigl, J., Bollin, S., Deng, Z. and Agehara, S. (2021). Hop ('Humulus lupulus' L.) phenology, growth, and yield under subtropical climatic conditions: Effects of cultivars and crop management. Australian Journal of Crop Science. 15(5): 764-772.
Almeida, A.d.R., Maciel, M.V.d.O.B., Machado, M.H., Bazzo, G.C., de Armas, R.D., Vitorino, V.B., Vitali, L., Block, J.M. and Barreto, P.L.M. (2020). Bioactive compounds and antioxidant activities of brazilian hop (Humulus lupulus L.) extracts. Journal of Food Science Technology. 55, 340–347.
Arianfar, M., Akbarinodehi, D., Hemati, K. and Rostampoor, M. (2018). Effects of altitude and aspect on efficiency of producing essence and phytochemical properties of Artemisia aucheri Boiss and Artemisia sieberi Besser in South Khorasan rangelands. Journal of Rangeland. 3(12): 281-294.
Arruda, T. R., Pinheiro, P. F., Silva, P. I. and Bernardes, P. C. (2021). A new perspective of a well-recognized raw material: phenolic content, antioxidant and antimicrobial activities and α-and β-acids profile of brazilian hop (Humulus lupulus L.) extracts. LWT, 141, 110905.
Arvin, P. and Firouzeh, R. (2021). Study of phenolic and flavonoid compounds and essential oil content of medicinal plant of proveskia abrotanoides karel in three natural habitats of Raz and Jargalan County. Plant Process and Function. 11(47): 82-69.
Astray, G., Gullón, P., Gullón, B., Munekata, P. E. and Lorenzo, J. M. (2020). Humulus lupulus L. as a natural source of functional biomolecules. Applied Sciences. 10(15): 5074.
Babakhanzadeh Sajirani, E., Mousavizadeh, S.J. and Mozafari, KH. 2016. Phytochemical and antioxidant activity of Elaeagnus angustifolia L. fruits in different regions of Shahrood. Eco-phytochemical Journal of medicinal plants. 4(4): 62-73.
Blumenthal, M., Goldberg, A. and Brinckmann, J. (2000). Herbal medicine. expanded commission E monographs. USA: Integrative medicine communications; 2000.
Burits, M. and Bucar, F. (2000). Antioxidant activity of Nigella sativa essential oil. – Phytopathology. 14: 323-328.
Chang, Y.L., Kim, D.O., Lee, K.W., Lee, H.J. and Lee, C.Y. (2002). Vitamin C equivalent antioxidant capacity (VCEAC) of phenolic phytochemicals. Food Chemistry. 50(13): 3713-3717.
Dodds, K. (2017). Hops. A guide for new growers. NSW Department of Primary Industries. Australian Government.
Donner, P., Pokorný, J., Ježek, J., Krofta, K., Patzak, J. and Pulkrábek, J. (2020). Influence of weather conditions, irrigation and plant age on yield and alpha-acids content of Czech hop (Humulus lupulus L.) cultivars. Plant, Soil and Environment. 66(1): 41-46.
Fazeli-Nasab, B., Rahnama, M. and Mazaraie, A. (2017). Correlation between antioxidant activity and antibacterial activity of nine medicinal plant extracts. Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 27(149): 63-78.
Ghanbari, A., Moradi, H., Akbarzadeh, M. and Mohammadnejad Ganji, S. M. (2017). Quantity and quality of secondary metabolites in lavender plant under the influence of ecological factors. Nova Biologica Reperta. 4(2): 166-172.
Hakkinen, S.H. and Torronen, A.R. (2000). Content of flavonols and selected phenolic acids in strawberries and Vaccinium species: influence of cultivar, cultivation site and technique. Food Research Internation. 33: 517-24.
Hosseini, S.S., Nadjafi, F., Asareh, M.H. and Rezadoost, H. (2018). Morphological and yield related traits, essential oil and oil production of different landraces of black cumin (Nigella sativa) in Iran. Scientia Horticulturae. 233, 1-8.
Iglesias, A., Mitton, G., Szawarski, N., Cooleyc, H., Ramos, F., Meroi Arcerito, F., Brasescoab, C., Ramirez, C., Gendeab, L., Eguaras, M., Fanovich, A. and Maggi, M. (2020). Essential oils from Humulus lupulus as novel control agents against Varroa destructor. Industrial Crops and Products, 158:113043.
Khalili, M. and Ebrahimzadeh, M.A. (2014). a review on antioxidants and some of their common evaluation methods. Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences. 24(120): 188-208.
Khormali, A., Savadkohi, F., Oskoueiyan, R., Mehregan, I. and Mousavizadeh, S.J. (2020). Multivariate analysis of asparagus Antioxidant Properties in Relation to Environmental Factors. Journal of Vegetables Sciences. 4(7): 99-113.
Khoshsokhan, F., Babalar, M., Pourmeidani, A. and Fatahi, M.R. (2015). Antioxidant activity, total phenolics and oil content of some thymus kotschyanus and thymus daenensis populations. Plant products technology (Agricultural research). 15(1): 153-162.
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Krebs, C. (2019). Hops: A viable alternative crop for the Central/Southern Plains Crops and Soils. 52(4):4-6.
Lee, S.E., Hwang, H.J., Ha, J.S., Jeong, H.S. and Kim, J.H. (2012). Screening of medicinal plant extracts for antioxidant activity. Life Sciences, 73: 167-179.
Lyu, J. I., Ryu, J., Seo, K. S., Kang, K. Y., Park, S. H., Ha, T. H., Ahn, J. W. and Kang, S. Y. (2022). Comparative study on phenolic compounds and antioxidant activities of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) Strobile Extracts. Plants. 11(1), 135.
MacKinnon, D., Pavlovic, V., Ceh, B., Naglic, B. and Pavlovic, M. (2020). The impact of weather conditions on alpha-acid content in hop (Humulus lupulus L.) cv. Aurora. Plant, Soil and Environment. 66(10): 519-525.
Mafakheri, M., Kordrostami, M., Rahimi, M. and Matthews, P. D. (2020). Evaluating genetic diversity and structure of a wild hop (Humulus lupulus L.) germplasm using morphological and molecular characteristics. Euphytica. 216: 1-19.
Maliar, T., Nemecek, P., Urgeova, E., Maliarova, M., Nesvadba, V., Krofta, K., Vulganova, K., Kroslak, E. and Kraic, J., (2017). Secondary metabolites, antioxidant and anti-proteinase activities of methanolic extracts from cones of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) cultivars. Chemical Papers. 71(1), 41-48.
Marceddu, R., Carrubba, A. and Sarno, M. (2020). Cultivation trials of hop (Humulus lupulus L.) in semi-arid environments. Heliyon. 6(10): e05114.
Mazaraie, A. and Fahmideh, L. (2020). Evaluation of phytochemical and antioxidant activity of three widely-used medicinal plant in natural habitats of Fars province. Eco-phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants. 8(1): 90-105.
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