بررسی تنوع ژنتیکی، زمان برداشت و روش خشک کردن توده‌های گیاه دارویی (Mentha piperita L.) بر اساس صفات فیتوشیمیایی
محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان داروییزهرا بشیرزاده 1 , مهدی محب الدینی 2 , رقیه فتحی 3 , سید یعقوب سید معصومی 4
1 - گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده‌ی کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
2 - گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده‌ی کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
3 - گروه علوم باغبانی، دانشکده‌ی کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی، دانشگاه محقق اردبیلی، اردبیل، ایران
4 - گروه زراعی و باغی، مرکزتحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان اردبیل، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، اردبیل، ایران
کلید واژه: اسانس, تنوع, روش خشک کردن, مرحله نمو نعناع‌فلفلی,
چکیده مقاله :
نعناع‌فلفلیMentha piperita L. گیاهی از خانواده نعنائیان Lamiaceae و نام رایج Peppermint یکی از گیاهان مهم و ارزشمند در صنایع غذایی، دارویی، آرایشی و بهداشتی است که انجام مطالعات فیتوشیمیایی بیش‌تر بر روی آن ضروری می‌باشد. این آزمایش بر پایه طرح بلوک‌های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در محل اداره ایستگاه تحیقات کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی شهرستان مشگین‌شهر در سال 1400 اجرا شد. در این تحقیق توده‌های مختلف نعناع‌فلفلی از مناطق مختلف ایران جمع‌آوری و کشت گردید و بررسی صفات فیتوشیمیایی در مرحله نیمه گلدهی انجام شد. همچنین اسانس مواد گیاهی در مرحله نیمه گلدهی و تمام گلدهی به روش تقطیر با آب و با استفاده از دستگاه کلونجر استخراج گردید. نتایج تجزیه واریانس نشان داد، میزان کلروفیل a و میزان اسانس در مرحله 50 و 100 درصد گلدهی و خشک کردن در دمای آون 40 درجه سانتی‌گراد تفاوت معنی‌داری در سطح احتمال 1 درصد وجود داشت و بین آنتوسیانین، فلاونوئید، کارتنوئید، میزان اسانس در مرحله 50 و 100 درصد گلدهی و خشک شده در سایه تفاوت معنی‌داری وجود نداشت. بر اساس نتایج مقایسه میانگین‌ها میزان آنتوسیانین بین 0/93 تا 2/37 میلی‌گرم بر گرم، فلاونوئید 0/94 تا 2/95 میلی‌گرم بر گرم، میزان اسانس در مرحله 50 درصد گلدهی و خشک شده در سایه 0/44 تا 2/06 درصد متغییر بود و آنالیز اسانس‌ها هم نشان داد که بیشترین میزان اسانس در مرحله تمام گلدهی و خشک شده در سایه (3/88 درصد) و در توده نورآباد به دست آمد و کمترین میزان اسانس هم در مرحله 50 درصد گلدهی و خشک شده در سایه (0/44 درصد) و در توده تبریز مشاهده گردید. نتایج همبستگی بین صفات نشان داد که بیشترین میزان همبستگی بین صفات کلروفیل b با کارتنوئید (0/98) مشاهده شد. نورآباد، اردبیل، زنجان و همدان نسبت به بقیه توده‌ها برتر بودند. بنابرین می‌توان از توده‌های برتر در برنامه‌های اصلاحی به منظور تولید ارقام بهتر از لحاظ میزان اسانس استفاده کرد.
Mentha piperita, is a member of the Lamiaceae family commonly known as Peppermint an important medicinal plant. This plant is used as a flavoring in chewing gum, cosmetics, and pharmaceutical industries. In this research, different accessions of this plant were collected from different regions of Iran. An experiment was conducted in 2021 year based on randomized complete block design to evaluate the phytochemical traits of these accessions in the half-flowering stage in Meshginshahr climatic condition. Their essential oils were extracted in the half-flowering and full-flowering stages by using clevenger apparatus. The results showed that there were significant differences among studied traits among. There are significant differences among accessions in traits of chlorophyll a, essential oil 50 and 100 percent flowering and oven (40 0C) drying method were significant at 1% probability level. There were no significant differences among anthocyanins, flavonoids, carotenoids, essential oil 50 and 100 flowering and drying method shade. Comparison of mean traits showed that the important traits such as anthocyanins (0.93-2.37 mg/g), flavonoids (0.94-2.95 mg/g), essential oil 50 flowering and drying method shade (0.44-2.06) and essential oil 100 percent flowering and oven, (0.72-3.09) were varied among accessions. Maximum correlation was shown between Chlorophyll b and carotenoids (0.98). The Ardabil, Zanjan and Hamedan were the best superior to other accessions. Therefore, superior accessions can be used in breeding programs in order to produce better cultivars in terms of essential oil content.
Abyar, S., Fakheri, B., Mahdinajad, N. and Harati Rad, M. (2017). Effects of different levels of vermicompost on growth indices and essential oils essential oil of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) under different irrigation regimes. Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding. 13: 29-42.
Afkar, S. and Zand, R. (2020). Geneticrelationships of some mint species using seed storage protein pattern. Journal of Genetic Resources. 6(1): 12-19.
Asadi, M., Nejad Ebrahimi, S., Hatami, M. and Hadian, J. (2020). Changes in secondary metabolite contents of Arnica chamissonis Less. in response to different harvest time, flower developmental stages and drying methods. Journal of Medicinal Plants. 19 (76): 69-88.
Baharmast, Z., Kheiry, A., Sanikhani, M. and Soleimani, A. (2020). Study and comparison of morphological and phytochemical traits of Mentha pulegium L. in different habitats of Guilanprovince. Eco-phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants. 8 (2): 65-70.
Benabdallah, A., Rahmoune, C., Boumendje, M., Aissi, O. and Messaoud, C. (2016). Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of six wild Mentha species (Lamiaceae) from northeast of Algeria. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine. 6(9): 760-766.
Bouyahya, A., Abrini, J., Dakka, N. and Bakri, Y. (2019). Essential oils of Origanum compactum increase membrane permeability, disturb cell membrane integrity, and suppress quorum-sensing phenotype in bacteria, Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis. 9: 301-311.
Caliskan, T., Maral, H., Prieto, L.M.V.G., Kafkas, E. and Kirici, S. (2017). The influence of different drying methods on essential oil content and composition of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) in cukurova conditions. indian journal of pharmaceutical education and research. 51(3): 518-521.
Ebadi, M.T., Rahmati, M., Azizi, M. Khayyat, M.H. and Dadkhah, A. (2013). The effects of different drying methods on drying time, essential oil content and composition of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 29(2): 425- 437.
Eghlima, Gh. Hadian, J. and Motallebi Azar, A.R. (2018). A Survey on Diversity of Morphological & Biological Production Traits of Satureja rechingeri Jamzad Clones in Dezfool Climate. The Plant Production (Scientific Journal of Agriculture. 40 (4): 41-52.
Farhadi, N., Babaei, KH., Farsaraei, S., Moghaddam, M. and Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A. (2020). Changes in essential oil compositions, total phenol, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity of Achillea millefolium at different growth stages. Industrial Crops and Products. 152: 112-570.
Fathi, R. Mohebodini, M. and Chamani, E. (2021). Investigation the relationship between morphological & phytochemical traits of summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) Plant Prod. 44 (3): 305-318.
Feduraev, P., Chupakhina, G., Maslennikov, P., Tacenko, N. and Skrypnik, L. (2019). Variation in phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity of different plant organs from Rumex crispus L. and Rumex obtusifolius L. at different growth stages. Antioxidants. 8 (7): 237.
Isayenkov, S. V. and Maathuis, F. J. (2019) Plant salinity stress: many unanswered questions remain. Frontiers in Plant Science. 10: 1-11.
Javadi, H., Moosavi, S., Seghatoleslami, M. and kermani, F. (2021). Effect of organic and Chemical Improvers Application on Yield and Essential Oil Percentage Of Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) under Water Deficit Stress Conditions. Plant Prod. 44(2): 283-294.
Khadivi-Khub, A., Salehi-Arjmand, H., Movahedi, K. and Hadian, J. (2015). Molecular and morphological variability of Satureja bachtiarica in Iran. Plant Systematics and Evolution. 301(1): 77-93
Khalid, K.A., Hu, W. and Cai, W. (2017). The effects of harvesting and different drying methods on the essential oil composition of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.). Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants. 11(4):342-349.
Khazanivandi, F., Jafari, A., Ahmadi, Sh. and Tabaei-aghdaie, R. (2014). Genetic diversity and relationships between morphological traits and essential oil yield of these plants Satureja rechingeri, S. khuzistanica and S. mutica in climatic conditions Khorramabad. Presented at the 12th Congress of Iranian Genetics Society, Tehran, Iran.
Loolaie, M, Moasefi, N., Rasouli, H. and Adibi, H. (2017).Peppermint and Its Functionality: A Review. rchivesof Clinical Microbiol. 8 (4): 54.
Mahendran, G. and Rahman, L. U. (2020). Ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological updates on Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.)- A review. Phytotherapy Research. 34(9): 2088-2139.
Masakazu, H., Karin, O., Kyoko, H. and Toru, K. (2003). Enhancement of anthocyanin biosynthesis by sugar in radish (Raphanus sativus) hypocotyl. Plant Science. 164(2): 259-265.
Mirza, M., Ghoraishi, F. and bahadori, A. (2011). Effect of harvesting time on essential oils content and composition of Salvia officinalis L. and Mentha piperita L. in Khuzestan province. .Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 26 (4): 531-543.
Nejadhabibvash, F. (2017) Phytochemical composition of the essential oil of Anthemis wiedemanniana Fisch. and C. A. Mey. (Asteraceae) from Iran during different growth stages. Journal of Essential oil Bearing Plants. 20(5): 1349- 1359.
Olatunya, A.M. and Akintayo, E.T. (2017). Evaluation of the effect of drying on the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oil of peels from three species of citrus group. International Food Research Journal. 24(5): 1991-1997.
Ramek, P. (2017). Peppermint. First Edition. Publications of Faraz Advertising Center. PP.
Razzazi, N., Ashraf Jafari, A., Khodarahmpour, Z. and Sadat, Sh. (2021). Phytochemical comparison of essential oils in five species of Stachys L. in Khorramabad agronomic conditions. Eco-phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants. 9 (3): 1-15.
Ribeiro, D.A., de Macêdo, D.G., Boligon, A.A., Menezes, I.R.A., de Almeida Souza, M.M. and da Costa, J.G.M. (2019). Influence of seasonality on the phenolic composition of Secondatia floribunda A.DC (Apocynaceae) during its phenological cycle. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 41(12): 1-16.
Rostami, GH., Moghadam, M., Saeedi Poya, E. and Ajdanian, L. (2018). Effect of humic acid foliar application on some morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics of green mint (Mentha spicata L.) under drought stress. Enviromental Stresses in Crop Sciences. 12: 95-110.
Sonald, S.F. and Laima, S.K. (2001). Phenolics and cold tolerance of Brassica napus. Plant Agriculture. 1: 1-5.
Soni, U., Brar, S. and Gauttam, V.K. (2015). Effect of seasonal variation on secondary metabolites of medicinal plants. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res. 9(6): 3654-3652.
Suffredini, IB., Sousa, S R.N., Frana, S A. and Paciencia, M L.B. (2016). Multivariate Analysis of the Terpene Composition of Osteophloeum platyspermum Warb. (Myristicaceae) and Its Relationship to Seasonal Variation Over a Two- Year Period. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants. 19 (6):1380-1393.
Tazeh, K., Piri, E. and Mostafavirad, M. (2016). Effects of plant density on flower and essential oil yield and some important agronomic indices in Borage (Borago officinalis L.). J. Plant Prod. Res. 22( 4): 87-100.
Tian, K., Dietzenbacher, E. and Jong-A-Pin, R. (2019). Measuring Industrial Upgrading: Applying Factor Analysis in a Global Value Chain Framework. Economic Systems Research Journal. 1-23.
Zaher, M. Badr, A., El-Galaly, M. A., Mobarak, A. and Hassan, M. G. (2005). Genetic diversitynamong Mentha populations in Egypt as reflected by isozyme polymorphism. International Journal of Botany. 1(2): 188-195.
_||_Abyar, S., Fakheri, B., Mahdinajad, N. and Harati Rad, M. (2017). Effects of different levels of vermicompost on growth indices and essential oils essential oil of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) under different irrigation regimes. Journal of Agronomy and Plant Breeding. 13: 29-42.
Afkar, S. and Zand, R. (2020). Geneticrelationships of some mint species using seed storage protein pattern. Journal of Genetic Resources. 6(1): 12-19.
Asadi, M., Nejad Ebrahimi, S., Hatami, M. and Hadian, J. (2020). Changes in secondary metabolite contents of Arnica chamissonis Less. in response to different harvest time, flower developmental stages and drying methods. Journal of Medicinal Plants. 19 (76): 69-88.
Baharmast, Z., Kheiry, A., Sanikhani, M. and Soleimani, A. (2020). Study and comparison of morphological and phytochemical traits of Mentha pulegium L. in different habitats of Guilanprovince. Eco-phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants. 8 (2): 65-70.
Benabdallah, A., Rahmoune, C., Boumendje, M., Aissi, O. and Messaoud, C. (2016). Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of six wild Mentha species (Lamiaceae) from northeast of Algeria. Asian Pacific Journal of Tropical Biomedicine. 6(9): 760-766.
Bouyahya, A., Abrini, J., Dakka, N. and Bakri, Y. (2019). Essential oils of Origanum compactum increase membrane permeability, disturb cell membrane integrity, and suppress quorum-sensing phenotype in bacteria, Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis. 9: 301-311.
Caliskan, T., Maral, H., Prieto, L.M.V.G., Kafkas, E. and Kirici, S. (2017). The influence of different drying methods on essential oil content and composition of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) in cukurova conditions. indian journal of pharmaceutical education and research. 51(3): 518-521.
Ebadi, M.T., Rahmati, M., Azizi, M. Khayyat, M.H. and Dadkhah, A. (2013). The effects of different drying methods on drying time, essential oil content and composition of basil (Ocimum basilicum L.). Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 29(2): 425- 437.
Eghlima, Gh. Hadian, J. and Motallebi Azar, A.R. (2018). A Survey on Diversity of Morphological & Biological Production Traits of Satureja rechingeri Jamzad Clones in Dezfool Climate. The Plant Production (Scientific Journal of Agriculture. 40 (4): 41-52.
Farhadi, N., Babaei, KH., Farsaraei, S., Moghaddam, M. and Ghasemi Pirbalouti, A. (2020). Changes in essential oil compositions, total phenol, flavonoids and antioxidant capacity of Achillea millefolium at different growth stages. Industrial Crops and Products. 152: 112-570.
Fathi, R. Mohebodini, M. and Chamani, E. (2021). Investigation the relationship between morphological & phytochemical traits of summer savory (Satureja hortensis L.) Plant Prod. 44 (3): 305-318.
Feduraev, P., Chupakhina, G., Maslennikov, P., Tacenko, N. and Skrypnik, L. (2019). Variation in phenolic compounds content and antioxidant activity of different plant organs from Rumex crispus L. and Rumex obtusifolius L. at different growth stages. Antioxidants. 8 (7): 237.
Isayenkov, S. V. and Maathuis, F. J. (2019) Plant salinity stress: many unanswered questions remain. Frontiers in Plant Science. 10: 1-11.
Javadi, H., Moosavi, S., Seghatoleslami, M. and kermani, F. (2021). Effect of organic and Chemical Improvers Application on Yield and Essential Oil Percentage Of Dill (Anethum graveolens L.) under Water Deficit Stress Conditions. Plant Prod. 44(2): 283-294.
Khadivi-Khub, A., Salehi-Arjmand, H., Movahedi, K. and Hadian, J. (2015). Molecular and morphological variability of Satureja bachtiarica in Iran. Plant Systematics and Evolution. 301(1): 77-93
Khalid, K.A., Hu, W. and Cai, W. (2017). The effects of harvesting and different drying methods on the essential oil composition of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.). Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants. 11(4):342-349.
Khazanivandi, F., Jafari, A., Ahmadi, Sh. and Tabaei-aghdaie, R. (2014). Genetic diversity and relationships between morphological traits and essential oil yield of these plants Satureja rechingeri, S. khuzistanica and S. mutica in climatic conditions Khorramabad. Presented at the 12th Congress of Iranian Genetics Society, Tehran, Iran.
Loolaie, M, Moasefi, N., Rasouli, H. and Adibi, H. (2017).Peppermint and Its Functionality: A Review. rchivesof Clinical Microbiol. 8 (4): 54.
Mahendran, G. and Rahman, L. U. (2020). Ethnomedicinal, phytochemical and pharmacological updates on Peppermint (Mentha piperita L.)- A review. Phytotherapy Research. 34(9): 2088-2139.
Masakazu, H., Karin, O., Kyoko, H. and Toru, K. (2003). Enhancement of anthocyanin biosynthesis by sugar in radish (Raphanus sativus) hypocotyl. Plant Science. 164(2): 259-265.
Mirza, M., Ghoraishi, F. and bahadori, A. (2011). Effect of harvesting time on essential oils content and composition of Salvia officinalis L. and Mentha piperita L. in Khuzestan province. .Iranian Journal of Medicinal and Aromatic Plants. 26 (4): 531-543.
Nejadhabibvash, F. (2017) Phytochemical composition of the essential oil of Anthemis wiedemanniana Fisch. and C. A. Mey. (Asteraceae) from Iran during different growth stages. Journal of Essential oil Bearing Plants. 20(5): 1349- 1359.
Olatunya, A.M. and Akintayo, E.T. (2017). Evaluation of the effect of drying on the chemical composition and antioxidant activity of the essential oil of peels from three species of citrus group. International Food Research Journal. 24(5): 1991-1997.
Ramek, P. (2017). Peppermint. First Edition. Publications of Faraz Advertising Center. PP.
Razzazi, N., Ashraf Jafari, A., Khodarahmpour, Z. and Sadat, Sh. (2021). Phytochemical comparison of essential oils in five species of Stachys L. in Khorramabad agronomic conditions. Eco-phytochemical Journal of Medicinal Plants. 9 (3): 1-15.
Ribeiro, D.A., de Macêdo, D.G., Boligon, A.A., Menezes, I.R.A., de Almeida Souza, M.M. and da Costa, J.G.M. (2019). Influence of seasonality on the phenolic composition of Secondatia floribunda A.DC (Apocynaceae) during its phenological cycle. Acta Physiologiae Plantarum. 41(12): 1-16.
Rostami, GH., Moghadam, M., Saeedi Poya, E. and Ajdanian, L. (2018). Effect of humic acid foliar application on some morpho-physiological and biochemical characteristics of green mint (Mentha spicata L.) under drought stress. Enviromental Stresses in Crop Sciences. 12: 95-110.
Sonald, S.F. and Laima, S.K. (2001). Phenolics and cold tolerance of Brassica napus. Plant Agriculture. 1: 1-5.
Soni, U., Brar, S. and Gauttam, V.K. (2015). Effect of seasonal variation on secondary metabolites of medicinal plants. Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Res. 9(6): 3654-3652.
Suffredini, IB., Sousa, S R.N., Frana, S A. and Paciencia, M L.B. (2016). Multivariate Analysis of the Terpene Composition of Osteophloeum platyspermum Warb. (Myristicaceae) and Its Relationship to Seasonal Variation Over a Two- Year Period. Journal of Essential Oil Bearing Plants. 19 (6):1380-1393.
Tazeh, K., Piri, E. and Mostafavirad, M. (2016). Effects of plant density on flower and essential oil yield and some important agronomic indices in Borage (Borago officinalis L.). J. Plant Prod. Res. 22( 4): 87-100.
Tian, K., Dietzenbacher, E. and Jong-A-Pin, R. (2019). Measuring Industrial Upgrading: Applying Factor Analysis in a Global Value Chain Framework. Economic Systems Research Journal. 1-23.
Zaher, M. Badr, A., El-Galaly, M. A., Mobarak, A. and Hassan, M. G. (2005). Genetic diversitynamong Mentha populations in Egypt as reflected by isozyme polymorphism. International Journal of Botany. 1(2): 188-195.