علف‌های هرز، تهدیدی جدی برای بهره‌وری گیاهان دارویی: بررسی اثرات کمی و کیفی
محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان دارویی
مهدی مین باشی
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نوشین نظام آبادی
2
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معصومه یونس آبادی
3
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لیلا حبیبیان
4
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طاهره سلیمانی
5
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علیرضا صفاهانی
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2 - موسسه تحقیقات گیاه پزشکی
3 - بخش تحقیقات گياهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران.
4 - بخش تحقیقات گياهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران
5 - دانش آموخته کارشناسی ارشد بیماری شناسی گیاهی، دانشگاه زابل
6 - بخش تحقیقات گياهپزشکی، مرکز تحقیقات و آموزش کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی استان گلستان، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، گرگان، ایران
کلید واژه: رقابت, عملکرد, اسانس, مدیریت علف هرز, دوره بحرانی کنترل علف های هرز, تلفات نسبی.,
چکیده مقاله :
رقابت علف‌های هرز اثرات منفی مهمی بر عملکرد و کیفیت گیاهان دارویی دارد. میزان این اثرات به نوع گیاه دارویی، بخش برداشت‌شده، شرایط محیطی و شدت آلودگی بستگی دارد. برخلاف سایر گیاهان زراعی، گیاهان دارویی برای تولید متابولیت‌های ثانویه خاص کشت می‌شوند که کیفیت و ارزش دارویی آنها را تعیین می‌کند. رشد علف‌های هرز می‌تواند ترکیبات فعال داروهای گیاهی را کاهش داده و مسیرهای متابولیک آنها را تغییر دهد، که این امر موجب کاهش کیفیت و ایجاد نوسانات غیرقابل پیش‌بینی در ترکیب شیمیایی محصول می‌شود. شدت رقابت علف‌های هرز بسته به زمان و مدت حضور آنها متفاوت است. آلودگی زودهنگام معمولاً آسیب بیشتری دارد، زیرا علف‌های هرز سریع‌تر از گیاهان دارویی رشد می‌کنند. در برخی موارد، گیاهان زراعی باید تا ۶۰ درصد از چرخه زندگی خود کاملاً عاری از علف‌های هرز باشند تا آسیب کاهش یابد. روش‌های مختلفی برای کنترل علف‌های هرز استفاده می‌شود که می‌توانند تأثیرات متفاوتی بر تولید گیاهان دارویی داشته باشند. استفاده از علف‌کش‌ها نتایج متناقضی نشان داده و گاهی باعث تداخل در تولید متابولیت‌های ثانویه شده است. در مقابل، روش‌های غیرشیمیایی مانند وجین دستی، تیمارهای مکانیکی، مالچ پاشی، آتش زدن و حتی چرای دام‌ها مورد بررسی قرار گرفته‌اند. با افزایش تمایل به کشاورزی ارگانیک، نیاز به تحقیق بیشتر درباره تأثیر علف‌های هرز بر مسیرهای متابولیک و راهکارهای مدیریت آنها در محیط‌های مختلف وجود دارد.
Competition with weeds has significant negative effects on the yield and quality of medicinal plants. The extent of these effects depends on the type of medicinal plant, the harvested part, environmental conditions, and the level of weed infestation. Unlike other crops, medicinal plants are cultivated to produce specific secondary metabolites that determine their quality and medicinal value. Weed growth can reduce the active compounds in medicinal plants and alter their metabolic pathways, leading to unpredictable fluctuations in the chemical composition of the final product. The intensity of weed competition varies depending on the timing and duration of weed presence. Early weed infestation is usually more damaging since weeds grow faster than medicinal plants. In some cases, crops must remain entirely weed-free for up to 60% of their life cycle to minimize damage. Various methods are used to control weeds, each having different effects on medicinal plant production. The use of herbicides has shown contradictory results and, in some cases, has interfered with the production of secondary metabolites. In contrast, non-chemical methods such as manual weeding, mechanical treatments, mulching, burning, and even grazing by sheep and goats have been studied. With the growing interest in organic farming, further research is needed on the impact of weeds on metabolic pathways and strategies for weed management in different cultivation environments.
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