بررسی پاسخ¬های رشدی، بیوشیمیایی و محتوای اسانس گیاه دارویی زیره سبز (Cuminum cyminum L.) به آبیاری در مراحل مختلف رشدی و تراکم بوته
محورهای موضوعی : گیاهان داروییابولفضل سردشتی نهی 1 , حمید رضا گنجعلی 2 * , حمید رضا مبصر 3 , حمید رضا فنایی 4 , احمد مهربان 5
1 - 1. گروه کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد زاهدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زاهدان، ایران
2 - گروه کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد زاهدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زاهدان، ایران
3 - 1. گروه کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد زاهدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زاهدان، ایران
4 - 2. موسسه تحقیقات اصلاح و تهیه نهال و بذر سازمان تحقیقات آموزش و ترویج کشاورزی، کرج، ایران
5 - گروه کشاورزی، دانشکده کشاورزی، واحد زاهدان، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، زاهدان، ایران
کلید واژه: اسانس, پرولین, تنش خشکی, رنگیزه¬های فتوسنتزی, کم¬آبیاری.,
چکیده مقاله :
پژوهشی با هدف ارزیابی پاسخ¬های کمی و کیفی زیره سبز (Cuminum cyminum L.) به آبیاری در مراحل مختلف رشدی و تراکم بوته به¬صورت اسپلیت¬پلات در قالب طرح پایه بلوک¬های کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در طی دو سال زراعی اجرا شد. آبیاری در مراحل فنولوژیکی مختلف در پنج سطح، آبیاری در مراحل ساقه¬دهی، گلدهی و دانه¬بندی (I1)، آبیاری در مرحله ساقه¬دهی و گلدهی (I2)، آبیاری در مرحله گلدهی و دانه¬بندی (I3)، آبیاری در مرحله گلدهی (I4) به همراه عدم آبیاری (I5) در کرت¬های اصلی مورد ارزیابی قرار گرفتند. عامل فرعی در این آزمایش تراکم بوته در سه سطح 30، 50 و 100 بوته در مترمربع بود. پس از گذشت یک هفته بعد از اعمال تیمار آبیاری در مرحله دانه¬بندی، نمونه¬گیری از جوان¬ترین برگ در هر کرت به‌صورت تصادفی انجام شد. استخراج و اندازه¬گیری اسانس دانه از نمونه-های خشک شده به روش تقطیر با آب با استفاده از کلونجر انجام شد. نتایج نشان داد که بیشترین عملکرد دانه زیره سبز در تراکم 50 بوته در مترمربع در آبیاری I3 در سال اول آزمایش مشاهده شد. محتوای اسانس از 96/0 درصد تا 44/5 درصد متغیر بود. کاشت زیره سبز با تراکم 30 و 50 بوته در مترمربع به همراه تیمار آبیاری در مرحله گلدهی در سال اول آزمایش منجر به ایجاد بالاترین میانگین درصد اسانس شد. بیشترین محتوای کلروفیل کل در تراکم 50 بوته در مترمربع تحت تیمار آبیاری I2 (74/24 و 56/16 میکروگرم بر گرم وزن تر) و تراکم 100 بوته در مترمربع در تیمار آبیاری I1 (6/22 و 25/14 میکروگرم بر گرم وزن تر) مشاهده شد. به¬طور کلی می¬توان نتیجه¬گیری کرد که به¬منظور دستیابی به عملکرد کمی و کیفی در گیاه زیره سبز، کشت این گیاه با تراکم 50 بوته در مترمربع و همچنین دو مرحله آبیاری در مراحل رشد رویشی (ساقه¬دهی) و گلدهی قابل توصیه می¬باشد.
This study aimed to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative responses of cumin (Cuminum cyminum L.) to irrigation at different growth stages and varying plant densities, using a split-plot design based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. Irrigation treatments at five different phenological stages were evaluated in the main plots: irrigation during vegetative, flowering, and seed-filling stages as control(I1); irrigation during vegetative and flowering stages(I2); irrigation during flowering and seed-filling stages(I3); irrigation only during the flowering stage(I4); and no irrigation(I5). The secondary factor was plant density at three levels: 30, 50, and 100 plants per m². One week after applying the irrigation treatment during the seed-filling stage, leaf samples were randomly collected to measure physiological traits, including photosynthetic pigments and proline, from the youngest leaf in each plot. Sampling to measure growth traits and yield components was conducted randomly, avoiding marginal effects, after physiological maturity in early July. The essential oil content of the seeds was extracted and measured using the water distillation method with a Clevenger apparatus. Seed yield across the treatments ranged from an average of 107.4 to 692kg/ha. The highest cumin seed yield was recorded at a density of 50 plants/m² under the I3 irrigation treatment in the first year. Essential oil content varied from 0.96 to 5.44%. The highest essential oil percentage was achieved with plant densities of 30 and 50 plants/m² under the I4 irrigation treatment in the first year. The highest total chlorophyll content was observed at a density of 50 plants/m² under I2 treatment (24.74 µg/gFW) and 100 plants/m² under I1 treatment (22.6 µg/g FW). In conclusion, to achieve optimal quantitative and qualitative yields in cumin, it is recommended to cultivate cumin at a density of 50 plants/m² with two stages of irrigation during the vegetative (stem elongation) and flowering stages.
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