It is of special importance to procure medicines as strategic commodities. The purpose of this study is to manage a drug supply network using a non-radial data envelopment analysis (DEA) model. This study is conducted in private hospitals in Tehran. In this regard, a drug supply chain at three levels of suppliers, distributors, and consumers (pharmacies and hospitals) is examined. Indicators and limitations of the network are identified and then the appropriate model is formulated using mathematical equations on the basis of a non-radial DEA model. In order to validate the proposed model, data related to 30 hospitals during 2019 and 2020 is evaluated. According to this model, 5 hospitals had efficient supply networks and 25 hospitals had deficient supply networks. The proposed new model is able to evaluate the multilevel supply network and intermediate components in hospitals. The problems of the drug supply network are due to the increase in demands for the time period under consideration and the existence of inconsistencies in the drug supply chain in hospitals, which has led to an increase in inefficient hospitals. پرونده مقاله

Since work on dynamic aspects of balanced scorecards is just in an early state and a company may gain great insight from simulation results, this paper seeks to develop a dynamic model based on the financial perspective of a balanced scorecard (BSC) in a case study on the basis of a telecommunication company. The value of this paper, at first is related to the application of system dynamics (SD) in a BSC which overcome the limitations of BSC. At second, the paper provides causal loop diagram, dynamic modeling, simulation results, and validation results in the period 2015 to 2020 for the financial aspect to present suitable scenarios such as creation of new infrastructure, increasing the quality of services, diversification of product portfolio, and value-added services. At third, the paper is based on a case study of Tehran Telecommunication Company-Data Network which is a service-based company. Thus, it provides knowledge and information for academician and practitioners of BSC and SD to implement SD based on a BSC in companies, especially service-based firms. پرونده مقاله

هدف این مطالعه، مدل‌سازی و شبیه‌سازی تأثیر مدیریت الکترونیکی ارتباط با مشتریان بر وفاداری مشتریان بانک با استفاده از روش‌شناسی پویایی شناسی سیستم‌ها است. مدیریت الکترونیکی ارتباط با مشتریان از ابتکارات اولیه استراتژیک در صنعت امروز است که در حال تبدیل شدن به پارادایم اصلی بازاریابی رابطه‌مند در جهان الکترونیکی است. روش پژوهش از نوع توصیفی و تحلیلی و محیط پژوهش یکی از بانک‌های نیمه دولتی بوده است. در این مقاله، پس از مطالعه مدیریت الکترونیکی ارتباط با مشتری و وفاداری مشتری و شناسایی شاخص‌های آنها، به واسطه روش‌شناسی پویایی شناسی سیستم‌ها، محدوده مسأله مشخص شده است؛ بطوریکه مدیریت الکترونیکی ارتباط با مشتری شامل بانکداری الکترونیک، پشتیبانی مشتری، امنیت، خدمات مازاد، و اختلالات مرتبط به هرکدام است. علاوه بر آن، پس از مصاحبه نیمه ساختاریافته با تکنیک دلفی، داده‌های وضعیت موجود و خواسته مطلوب تعیین شده است. در این رویکرد از ترکیب دیاگرام‌ها، گراف‌ها و معادلات، مدل‌هایی، مدل حلقه سببی و مدل داینامیک، ساخته و چگونگی تغییر متغیرها در طول زمان بازنمایی شده است. در انتها، اعتبارسنجی و شبیه‌سازی توسط نرم‌افزار ونسیم انجام و نتایج استخراج ارائه شده است. یافته‌ها حاکی از آن است که با بهبود هر کدام از عوامل مدیریت الکترونیکی ارتباط با مشتری، وفاداری مشتری نیز افزایش می‌یابد. پرونده مقاله

A truly renewable energy source, solar energy is considered within the context of climate change by various countries among which China, USA, and Germany rely more on solar power. Since there are rare studies regarding how energy drives secure access to sustainability, this study explores the role of solar energy generation in economic, social, and environmental sustainability and energy security in Iran as the main purpose. Using a system dynamics computer simulation model, this paper defines factors affecting the system including four sub-models such as energy and three aspects of sustainability. Besides, energy security is defined as the availability of adequate energy supply to satisfy existing demand. After determining a causal loop diagram, dynamic models, specific trends, and validation and simulation of the system, separate policies are presented along with a combined policy for system improvement. The policies include enhancing foreign investment, increasing tariffs of non-renewable energies, and decreasing energy intensity. This study further reviews relevant policies set forth in the USA, Germany, and China. According to the results, improvement policies are coming to an end. The main contributions are the insights into the sector to support policy-makers and finally, proposing policies for the system improvement. پرونده مقاله