مطالعه فصلی میزان آلودگی با کپک در جیره غذایی طیور تخم‌گذار مرغداری‌های اطراف شهر تهران
محورهای موضوعی :
آسیب شناسی درمانگاهی دامپزشکی
علی سهرابی
1
(
دانشجوی دکترای تخصصی بهداشت خوراک دام، دانشکده دامپزشکی، واحد شبستر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شبستر، ایران.
)
محمد حسین موثق
2
(
دانشیار گروه بهداشت مواد غذایی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، واحد شبستر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شبستر، ایران.
)
جلال شایق
3
(
استادیار گروه پاتوبیولوژی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، واحد شبستر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شبستر، ایران.
)
امیررضا کرمی بناری
4
(
استادیار گروه پاتوبیولوژی، دانشکده دامپزشکی، واحد شبستر، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، شبستر، ایران.
)
فرزانه تاجدینی
5
(
استادیار گروه علوم پایه، دانشکده دامپزشکی، واحد کرج، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، کرج، ایران.
)
تاریخ دریافت : 1401/08/24
تاریخ پذیرش : 1401/11/18
تاریخ انتشار : 1401/11/01
کلید واژه:
تهران,
فصل,
جیره غذایی,
طیور تخم‌گذار,
کپک,
چکیده مقاله :
آلودگی با کپک در جیره غذایی از مشکلات شایع در صنعت طیور می‌باشد. هدف از انجام مطالعه حاضر، بررسى آلودگی جیره غذایی با کپک در مرغدارى‌هاى تخم گذار اطراف شهر تهران (واقع در شهریار و ملارد) بود. بدین منظور از تعداد ۵ واحد مرغداری، نمونه‌های جیره غذایی به صورت تصادفی انتخاب شد، به طوری که در کل ۶۰ نمونه از جیره غذایی مصرفی هر واحد در طول چهار فصل متوالی برداشت گردید. جهت شمارش و جداسازی کپک‌ها از روش کشت سطحی در محیط کشت استفاده شد. پس از رشد اولیه کپک‌ها، اسلایدکالچر تهیه شده و کپک‌ها با توجه به شاخص‌های ماکروسکوپی و میکروسکوپی مورد شناسایی قرار گرفتند. نتایج نشان داد که تعداد 7 نوع کپک جداسازی شدند. از نظر تعداد کل کپک‌ها، بین مرغداری ها در درون هر فصل، تفاوت آماری معنی‌داری مشاهده نشد ولی از نظر شاخص مذکور، بین فصول تفاوت آماری معنی داری مشاهده گردید (001/۰p<). به‌طوری‌که تعداد کپک‌های جداسازی شده در مرغداری ها در فصل پائیز Log CFU/g 1/±0 11/3 و در فصل زمستان Log CFU/g 1/±0 35/3 (بیش‌ترین میزان آلودگی) بود. همچنین تعداد کل کپک‌های جدا شده در فصول بهار و تابستان در تمام مرغداری ها، کم‌ترین آلودگی با کپک را نشان داد. در کل فصول به ترتیب کپک های فوزاریوم، پنی‌سیلیوم، آسپرژیلوس فلاووس، موکور، آسپرژیلوس نایجر، آلترناریا و اولوکلادیوم بیش‌ترین فراوانی را داشتند. تحقیق حاضر مشخص کرد که میزان آلودگی به کپک‌ها با نوع فصل در ارتباط می باشد و در فصول پائیز و زمستان بیش‌ترین آلودگی با کپک مشاهده گردید.
چکیده انگلیسی:
Mold contamination of feeds is a common problem in poultry industry. The aim of this study was to investigate mold contamination of laying hen diets around Tehran (Shahriar and Malard). For this purpose, 5 laying poultry farms were subjected to random sampling so that a total of 60 samples were taken from each poultry farm during four consecutive seasons. For counting and separation of molds, surface cultivation in the culture medium was used. After the primary growth of molds, slide culture was prepared and the macroscopic and microscopic indices of molds were defined. Seven types of molds were separated by macroscopic and microscopic studies. In terms of the total number of molds in laying poultry farms in each season, no significant difference was observed, but between seasons a significant difference was observed (p<0.001), as such, the number of molds in autumn (3.11±0.10 Log CFU/g) and winter (3.35±0.10 Log CFU /g) showed the highest level of contamination in all laying poultry farms. Also, the lowest number of mold contamination was observed during the spring and summer in all laying poultry farms. Fusarium, Penicilium, Aspergillius flavus, Mucor, Aspergillus niger, Alternaria and Ulocladium were the most prevalent molds in all seasons. Overall, there was a seasonal trend in the amount of mold contamination with maximal contamination observed during autumn and winter seasons.
منابع و مأخذ:
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Astoreca, A.L., Dalcero, A.M., Pinto, V.F. and Vaamonde, G. (2011). A survey on distribution and toxigenicity of Aspergillus section Flavi in poultry feeds. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 146(1): 38-43.
Cegielska-Radziejewska, R., Stuper, K. and Szablewski, T. (2013). Microflora and mycotoxin contamination in poultry feed mixtures from western Poland. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 20(1): 30-35.
Darvishnia, R., Darvishnia, M. and Gharouni, M. (2019). Toxicity of fungi isolated from livestock feed and poultry in Khorramabad county. Biological Journal of Microorganism, 8(31): 51-69.
Elwan, H., Xie, C., Miao, L.P., Dong, X., Zou, X.T., Mohany, M., et al. (2021). Methionine alleviates aflatoxinb1-induced broiler chicks embryotoxicity through inhibition of caspase-dependent apoptosis and enhancement of cellular antioxidant status. Poultry Science, 100(8): 1-16.
Fakruddin, M., Chowdhury, A., Hossain, M.N. and Ahmed, M.M. (2015). Characterization of aflatoxin producing Aspergillus flavus from food and feed samples. Springer Plus, 4(1): 1-6.
Ghaemmaghami, S.S. and Nowroozi, H. (2018). Toxigenic fungal contamination for assessment of poultry feeds: Mashed vs. Pellet. Iranian Journal of Toxicology, 12(5): 5-10.
Ghaemmaghami, S.S., Modirsaneii, M., Khosravi, A.R. and Razzaghi-Abyaneh, M. (2016). Study on mycoflora of poultry feed ingredients and finished feed in Iran. Iranian Journal of Microbiology, 8(1): 47.
Guerre, P. (2016). Worldwide mycotoxins exposure in pig and poultry feed formulations. Toxins, 8(12): 350.
Hafez, H.M. and Attia, Y.A. (2020). Challenges to the poultry industry: current perspectives and strategic future after the COVID-19 outbreak. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 7: 1-16.
Halt, M. (1994). Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin B1 in flour production. European Journal of Epidemiology, 10(5): 555-558.
Haque, M.A., Wang, Y., Shen, Z., Li, X., Saleemi, M.K. and He, C. (2020). Mycotoxin contamination and control strategy in human, domestic animal and poultry: A review. Microbial Pathogenesis, 142: 1-12.
Iran Standard and Industrial Research Institute. (2019). National Standard Committee for Feed and Agricultural Products, Animal Feed - Sampling. No: 7570. [In Persian]
Maciorowski, K.G., Herrera, P., Jones, F.T., Pillai, S.D. and Ricke, S.C. (2007). Effects on poultry and livestock of feed contamination with bacteria and fungi. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 133(1-2): 109-136.
Marvi, A., Tabibi, M., Yazdansetad, S., Naderi, M., Khaledi, M., Pourshahbazi, G., et al. (2018). Contamination study of livestock and poultry feedstuff with aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus species. Veterinary Researches & Biological Products, 31(3): 36-43.
Misiou, O. and Koutsoumanis, K. (2021). Climate change and its implications for food safety and spoilage. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 126: 142-152.
Mohammadi, S., Ghahremani, E., Dehestaniathar, S., Zandi, S., Zakariai, A. and Mohammadi, M. (2021). Determination of aflatoxin B1 concentration in poultry feed in the poultry farms of Sanandaj using ELISA method. Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, 25(6): 49-56.
Movassagh, M. (2017). Practical manual of food safety, 1st publication, Islamic Azad University Press Shabestar Branch, Shabestar, Iran, pp: 36-51.
Nemati, Z., Janmohammadi, H., Taghizadeh, A., Maleki-Nejad, H., Mogaddam, G. and Arzanlou, M. (2014). Occurrence of Aflatoxins in poultry feed and feed ingredients from northwestern Iran, European Journal of Zoological Research, 3(3): 56-60.
Okoli, I.C., Ogbuewu, P.I., Uchegbu, M.C., Opara, M.N., Okorie, J.O., Omede, A.A., et al. (2007). Assessment of the mycoflora of poultry feed raw materials in a humid tropical environment. Journal of American Science, 3(1): 5-9.
Pleadin, J., Frece, J. and Markov, K. (2019). Mycotoxins in food and feed. Advances in Food and Nutrition Research, 89: 297-345.
Queiroz, B., Pereyra, C.M., Keller, K.M., Almeida, T., Cavaglieri, L.R., Magnoli, C.E., et al. (2013). Fungal contamination and determination of fumonisins and aflatoxins in commercial feeds intended for ornamental birds in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 57(5): 405-411.
Ravindran, V. (2013). Poultry Development Review, FAO, Rome, Italy. pp: 60-63.
Richard, J.L. (2007). Some major mycotoxins and their mycotoxicoses- An overview. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 119(1-2): 3-10.
Saleemi, M.K., Khan, M.Z., Khan, A. and Javed, I. (2010). Mycoflora of poultry feeds and mycotoxins producing potential of Aspergillus species. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 42(1): 427-434.
Salehan, Z., Eidi, S., Mohsenzadeh, M. and Azizzadeh, M. (2017). Determination of fungal contamination of poultry feed and its ingredients in broiler farms in Torbat-Heydarieh, Khorasan Razavi province, Iran. Journal of Veterinary Research, 72(4): 447-456.
Sales, A.C. and Yoshizawa, T. (2005). Updated profile of aflatoxin and Aspergillus section Flavi contamination in rice and its byproducts from the Philippines. Food Additives and Contaminants, 22(5): 429-436.
Zain, M.E. (2011). Impact of mycotoxins on humans and animals. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society, 15(2): 129-144.
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Adeniran, L.A., Makun, H.A. and Muhammad, H.L. (2013). Survey of mycotoxigenic fungi in concentrated poultry feed in Niger State, Nigeria. Journal of Food Research, 2 (2): 128-135.
Astoreca, A.L., Dalcero, A.M., Pinto, V.F. and Vaamonde, G. (2011). A survey on distribution and toxigenicity of Aspergillus section Flavi in poultry feeds. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 146(1): 38-43.
Cegielska-Radziejewska, R., Stuper, K. and Szablewski, T. (2013). Microflora and mycotoxin contamination in poultry feed mixtures from western Poland. Annals of Agricultural and Environmental Medicine, 20(1): 30-35.
Darvishnia, R., Darvishnia, M. and Gharouni, M. (2019). Toxicity of fungi isolated from livestock feed and poultry in Khorramabad county. Biological Journal of Microorganism, 8(31): 51-69.
Elwan, H., Xie, C., Miao, L.P., Dong, X., Zou, X.T., Mohany, M., et al. (2021). Methionine alleviates aflatoxinb1-induced broiler chicks embryotoxicity through inhibition of caspase-dependent apoptosis and enhancement of cellular antioxidant status. Poultry Science, 100(8): 1-16.
Fakruddin, M., Chowdhury, A., Hossain, M.N. and Ahmed, M.M. (2015). Characterization of aflatoxin producing Aspergillus flavus from food and feed samples. Springer Plus, 4(1): 1-6.
Ghaemmaghami, S.S. and Nowroozi, H. (2018). Toxigenic fungal contamination for assessment of poultry feeds: Mashed vs. Pellet. Iranian Journal of Toxicology, 12(5): 5-10.
Ghaemmaghami, S.S., Modirsaneii, M., Khosravi, A.R. and Razzaghi-Abyaneh, M. (2016). Study on mycoflora of poultry feed ingredients and finished feed in Iran. Iranian Journal of Microbiology, 8(1): 47.
Guerre, P. (2016). Worldwide mycotoxins exposure in pig and poultry feed formulations. Toxins, 8(12): 350.
Hafez, H.M. and Attia, Y.A. (2020). Challenges to the poultry industry: current perspectives and strategic future after the COVID-19 outbreak. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 7: 1-16.
Halt, M. (1994). Aspergillus flavus and aflatoxin B1 in flour production. European Journal of Epidemiology, 10(5): 555-558.
Haque, M.A., Wang, Y., Shen, Z., Li, X., Saleemi, M.K. and He, C. (2020). Mycotoxin contamination and control strategy in human, domestic animal and poultry: A review. Microbial Pathogenesis, 142: 1-12.
Iran Standard and Industrial Research Institute. (2019). National Standard Committee for Feed and Agricultural Products, Animal Feed - Sampling. No: 7570. [In Persian]
Maciorowski, K.G., Herrera, P., Jones, F.T., Pillai, S.D. and Ricke, S.C. (2007). Effects on poultry and livestock of feed contamination with bacteria and fungi. Animal Feed Science and Technology, 133(1-2): 109-136.
Marvi, A., Tabibi, M., Yazdansetad, S., Naderi, M., Khaledi, M., Pourshahbazi, G., et al. (2018). Contamination study of livestock and poultry feedstuff with aflatoxin-producing Aspergillus species. Veterinary Researches & Biological Products, 31(3): 36-43.
Misiou, O. and Koutsoumanis, K. (2021). Climate change and its implications for food safety and spoilage. Trends in Food Science & Technology, 126: 142-152.
Mohammadi, S., Ghahremani, E., Dehestaniathar, S., Zandi, S., Zakariai, A. and Mohammadi, M. (2021). Determination of aflatoxin B1 concentration in poultry feed in the poultry farms of Sanandaj using ELISA method. Scientific Journal of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, 25(6): 49-56.
Movassagh, M. (2017). Practical manual of food safety, 1st publication, Islamic Azad University Press Shabestar Branch, Shabestar, Iran, pp: 36-51.
Nemati, Z., Janmohammadi, H., Taghizadeh, A., Maleki-Nejad, H., Mogaddam, G. and Arzanlou, M. (2014). Occurrence of Aflatoxins in poultry feed and feed ingredients from northwestern Iran, European Journal of Zoological Research, 3(3): 56-60.
Okoli, I.C., Ogbuewu, P.I., Uchegbu, M.C., Opara, M.N., Okorie, J.O., Omede, A.A., et al. (2007). Assessment of the mycoflora of poultry feed raw materials in a humid tropical environment. Journal of American Science, 3(1): 5-9.
Pleadin, J., Frece, J. and Markov, K. (2019). Mycotoxins in food and feed. Advances in Food and Nutrition Research, 89: 297-345.
Queiroz, B., Pereyra, C.M., Keller, K.M., Almeida, T., Cavaglieri, L.R., Magnoli, C.E., et al. (2013). Fungal contamination and determination of fumonisins and aflatoxins in commercial feeds intended for ornamental birds in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. Letters in Applied Microbiology, 57(5): 405-411.
Ravindran, V. (2013). Poultry Development Review, FAO, Rome, Italy. pp: 60-63.
Richard, J.L. (2007). Some major mycotoxins and their mycotoxicoses- An overview. International Journal of Food Microbiology, 119(1-2): 3-10.
Saleemi, M.K., Khan, M.Z., Khan, A. and Javed, I. (2010). Mycoflora of poultry feeds and mycotoxins producing potential of Aspergillus species. Pakistan Journal of Botany, 42(1): 427-434.
Salehan, Z., Eidi, S., Mohsenzadeh, M. and Azizzadeh, M. (2017). Determination of fungal contamination of poultry feed and its ingredients in broiler farms in Torbat-Heydarieh, Khorasan Razavi province, Iran. Journal of Veterinary Research, 72(4): 447-456.
Sales, A.C. and Yoshizawa, T. (2005). Updated profile of aflatoxin and Aspergillus section Flavi contamination in rice and its byproducts from the Philippines. Food Additives and Contaminants, 22(5): 429-436.
Zain, M.E. (2011). Impact of mycotoxins on humans and animals. Journal of Saudi Chemical Society, 15(2): 129-144.
