بررسی و مقایسه غلظت فلزات سنگین (نیکل، سرب، کادمیوم و روی) در عضله ماهیان شوریده، حلوا سیاه، شیر و کوتر در منطقه چابهار در فصل تابستان
محورهای موضوعی :
علوم و صنایع غذایی
الهام شهری
1
,
نعمت اله خراسانی
2
,
غلامرضا نوری
3
,
فردوس کرد مصطفی پور
4
,
محمد ولایت زاده
5
1 - دانش‌آموخته کارشناسی ارشد آلودگی محیطزیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
2 - استاد گروه محیطزیست، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران
3 - استادیار گروه جغرافیا و برنامه ریزی محیطی، دانشگاه سیستان و بلوچستان، زاهدان، ایران
4 - استادیار مرکز تحقیقات ارتقای سلامت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی زاهدان، زاهدان، ایران
5 - باشگاه پژوهشگران جوان و نخبگان، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران
تاریخ دریافت : 1394/05/13
تاریخ پذیرش : 1396/03/01
تاریخ انتشار : 1396/05/01
کلید واژه:
ماهی,
فلزات سنگین,
عضله,
چابهار,
ارزیابی خطر,
چکیده مقاله :
فلزات سنگین از آلاینده هایی هستند که در اکوسیستم های آبی مشکلات بسیاری را برای آبزیان و درنهایت برای انسان ایجاد می کنند. این پژوهش در سال 1392 به‌منظور تعیین میزان فلزات سنگین نیکل، سرب، کادمیوم و روی در عضله ماهیان شوریده، حلوا سیاه، شیر و کوتر منطقه چابهار انجام شد. 96 نمونه ماهی از صیدگاه بندر چابهار از دو منطقه ساحلی و دریایی تهیه شد. جهت استخراج فلزات از بافت های موردمطالعه، از روش هضم مرطوب استفاده شد و تعیین غلظت فلزات سنگین به‌وسیله دستگاه جذب اتمیYounglin AAS8020 صورت پذیرفت. میزان کادمیوم در ماهی حلوا سیاه (0450/0 میلی گرم در کیلوگرم) نسبت به گونه های دیگر بالاتر بود. همچنین پایین ترین میزان این عنصر در ماهی شوریده و شیر (0150/0 میلی گرم در کیلوگرم) به دست آمد. میزان سرب در ماهی کوتر (0125/0 میلی گرم در کیلوگرم) نسبت به گونه های دیگر پایین تر بود. میزان نیکل در ماهی کوتر (1800/4 میلی گرم در کیلوگرم) نسبت به گونه های دیگر بالاتر به دست آمد. پایین ترین میزان این عنصر در ماهی شیر (0150/0 میلی گرم در کیلوگرم) بود. میزان روی در ماهی کوتر (5450/0 میلی گرم در کیلوگرم) نسبت به گونه های دیگر بالاتر بود. پایین ترین میزان این عنصر در ماهی شیر (0150/0 میلی گرم در کیلوگرم) مشاهده شد. میزان فلز کادمیوم، سرب و روی در مقایسه با آستانه استانداردهای جهانی سازمان غذا و کشاورزی، سازمان بهداشت جهانی، وزارت کشاورزی شیلات انگلستان و انجمن ملی بهداشت و سلامت استرالیا و سازمان غذا و داروی امریکا پایین تر بود. غلظت نیکل در عضله ماهی کوتر در مقایسه با استانداردهای جهانی بیشتر به دست آمد.با توجه به نتایج به‌دست‌آمده، میزان فلزات سنگین موجود در عضله ماهیان موردمطالعه هیچ گونه خطری برای مصرف انسان در برندارد.
چکیده انگلیسی:
The heavy metals are from the pollutants which create too much problems in aquatic ecosystems for aquatics and human. This study was done concentration of heavy metals Nickle, Cadmium, Lead and Zinc and risk assessment in the muscle of Otolithes ruber, Parastromateus niger, Scomberomorus commerson and Sphyraena jello in 2013. Ninety six samples of fishes was prepared of coastal and marine from the Chabahar, Iran. Metals were extracted from the tissues using wet Digestion method and concentration of the heavy metals were measured by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer Younglin AAS8020. Concentration of Cd was in Parastromateus niger (0.0450 mg Kg-1) higher than other species. Also, the lowest Concentration of this element was in Otolithes ruber and Scomberomorus commerson (0.0150 mg Kg-1). Concentration of Pb was in Sphyraena jello (0.0125 mg Kg-1) lower than other species. Concentration of Ni was in Sphyraena jello (4.1800 mg Kg-1) higher than other species. Also, the lowest Concentration of this element was in Scomberomorus commerson (0.0150 mg Kg-1). Concentration of Zn was in Sphyraena jello (0.5450 mg Kg-1) higher than other species. Also, the lowest Concentration of this element was in Scomberomorus commerson (0.0150 mg Kg-1). Concentration of Cd, Pb and Zn was lower than comparison of FAO, WHO, UKMAFF, NHMRC and FDA. Concentration of Ni was higher than comparison ofGlobal Standards. According to the results, the amount of heavy metals in muscle of fishes in the study not take any risks for human consumption.
منابع و مأخذ:
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· Agah, H., Leermakers, M., Elskens, M., Fatemi, S. M. R. and Baeyens, W. (2009). Accumulation of trace metals in the muscle and liver tissues of five species from the Persian Gulf. Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 157: 499-514.
· Ahmad, A.K. and Shuhaimi-Othman, M. (2010). Heavy metal concentration in sediments and fishes from Lake Chini, Pahang, Malaysia. Journal of Biological Sciences, 10 (2): 93-100.
· Ahmadi Kordestani, Z., Hamidian, A., Hosseini, S.V. and Ashrafi, S. (2013). Risk assessment of mercury due to consumption of edible aquatic species. Journal of Marine Biology, 5 (17): 63-70 [in Persian].
· Al-Yousuf, M.H., El-Shahawi, M.S. and Al-Ghais, S.M. (2000). Trace metals in liver, skin and muscle of Lethrinus lentjan fish species in relation to body length and sex. Journal of Sciences Total Environment, 256: 87-94.
· Amini Ranjbar, Gh. and Sotoudehnia, F. (2005). Investigation of heavy metals accumulation in muscle tissue of Mugil auratus relation to standard length, weight, age and sex. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal, 14 (3): 1-18 [in Persian].
· AOAC. (1995). Official methods of analysis, Association of official analytical chemists, INC., Arlington, Virginia, USA.
· Asha, P.S., Krishnakumar, P.K., Kaladharan, P., Prema, D., Diwakar, K. and Valsalaand, K.K.G. (2010). Heavy metal concentration in sea water, sediment and bivalves off Tuticorin. Journal of Marin Biology Association India, 52(1): 48-54.
· Askary Sary, A., Farhangnia, M. and Baztorabi, M. (2009). The measurement and comparison of heavy metals (Lead, Zinc and Copper) in the tissues muscle and liver in orange spotted grouper (Epinephelus coiodes). Journal of Wetland Eco biology, 1 (2): 101-106 [in Persian].
· Askary Sary, A. and Velayatzadeh, M. (2011). A survey concentration of Lead and Zinc in Cyprinus carpio and Oncorhynchus mykiss. Iranian Veterinary Journal, 7 (1): 30-35 [in Persian].
· Askary Sary, A., Javahery Baboli, M., Mahjob, S. and Velayatzadeh, M. (2012). The comparison of heavy metals (Hg, Cd, Pb) in the muscle of Otolithes ruber in Abadan and Bandar Abbas Ports, the Persian Gulf. Iranian Scientific Fisheries Journal, 21 (3): 99-106 [in Persian].
· AskarySary, A. and Velayatzadeh, M. (2013). Bioaccumulation Lead and Zinc metals in the liver and muscle of Cyprinus carpio, Rutilus frisii kuttom and Liza auratus. Journal of Food Hygiene, 3 (1): 89-107 [in Persian].
· Askary Sary, A. and Velayatzadeh, M. (2014) a. Heavy metals in aquatics. Islamic Azad University Ahvaz Publication, 1st Edition, pp. 380. [In Persian].
· Askary Sary, A. and Velayatzadeh, M. (2014) b. Determination of lead and zinc in king mackerel (Scomberomorus guttatus), Spanish mackerel (Scomberomorus commerson) and Tiger-toothed Croaker (Otolithes ruber) from Persian Gulf, Iran in 2001 and 2011. Journal of Biodiversity and Environmental Sciences, 5(1): 322-329.
· Bellassoued, K., Hamza, A., Pelt, J. and Elfeki, A. (2013). Seasonal variation of Sarpa salpa fish toxicity, as related to phytoplankton consumption, accumulation of heavy metals, lipids peroxidation level in fish tissues and toxicity upon mice.Journal of Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 185: 1137–1150.
· Canli, M. and Atli, G. (2003). The relationship between heavy metal (Cd, Cr, Cu, Fe, Pb, Zn) levels and the size of six Mediterranean fish species. Journal of Environmental Pollution, 121: 129-136.
· Cheraghi, M., Pourkhabbaz, H. and Noriaei, M.H. (2012). Risk assessment of cadmium in Barbus grypus from Arvand River. Journal of Wetland Eco biology, 4 (13): 75-82 [in Persian].
· Cheraghi, M., Spergham, A. and Javanmardi, S. 2013. Determination of Mercury Concentration in Liza abu from Karoon River. Journal of MazandaranUniversityofMedical Sciences, 23 (103): 105-113 [in Persian].
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· Coulibaly, S., Celestin Atse, B., Mathias Koffi, K., Sylla, S., Justin Konan, K. and Joel Kouassi, N. (2012). Seasonal Accumulations of Some Heavy Metal in Water, Sediment and Tissues of Black-Chinned Tilapia Sarotherodon melanotheron from Bietri Bay in Ebrie Lagoon, Ivory Coast. Bulletin of Environmental ContaminationandToxicology, 88: 571–576.
· Derrag, Z., Dali, Y. and Mesli, L. (2014). Seasonal Variations Of Heavy Metals In Common Carp (Cyprinus Carpio L., 1758) Collected From Sikkak Dam Of Tlemcen (Algeria).Journal of Engineering Research and Applications, 4 (1): 1-8.
· Dixon, H., Gil, A., Gubala, C., Lasorsa, B., Crecelius, E. and Curtis L.R. (1996). Heavy metal accumulation in sediment and freshwater fish in U.S. Arctic Lakes. Journal of Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 16 (4): 733 P.
· El-Safy, M.K. and Al-Ghannam, M.L. (1996). Studies on some heavy metal pollutants in fish of El-Manzala Lake. In: Proceedings of the Conference on Food Borne Contamination and Egyptians Health, Mansoura. November, 26-27: 151-180.
· Elsagh, A. (2012). Determination of Zinc, Copper, Cobalt and manganese intensity in Rutilus frisii kutum and Cyprinus carpio fishes of Caspian Sea. Journal of Gorgan University of Medical Sciences, 13 (4): 107-113 [in Persian].
· Esmaili Sari, A. (2002). Pollution, Health and Environmental Standards. Naghshmehr Publisher. Tehran, pp. 767. [In Persian].
· Esmaili-Sari, A., Abdollahzadeh, E., Joorabian Shooshtari, S. and Ghasempouri, S.M. (2011). Fish consumption limit for mercury compounds. Journal of Fasa University of Medical Sciences, 1 (2): 24-31 [in Persian].
· Farhadi, A., Yavari, V. and Salari Aliabadi, M.A. (2013). Concentration of Heavy Metals in Tissues of Greater Lizardfish (Saurida tumbil) from Hendijan Port- Persian Gulf. Journal of Fisheries Science and Technology, 2 (1): 71-80 [in Persian].
· Glushankova, M.A. and Pashkova, I.M. (1992). Heavy metal in the tissue of fish from the Pskovsko chudskoe and Vyrts yoru lakes. Journal of Tsitologiya, 34 (3): 46-50.
· Gorji Pour, E., Sadogh Nayeri, A., Hosseini, A.R. and Bita, S. (2009). The survey some of heavy metals accumulation in tissues of muscle, liver and gill of grouper. Iranian Science Fisheries Journal, 19 (2): 85-94 [in Persian].
· Hantoush, A.A., Al-Najare, G.A., Amteghy, A.H., Al-Saad, H.T. and Abd Ali, K. (2012). Seasonal variations of some trace elements concentrations in Silver Carp Hypophthalmichthys molitrix Consolidated from farms in central Iraq. Marsh Bulletin, 7 (2): 126-136.
· Heath, A.G. (1987). Water pollution and fish physiology. (2nd Ed.). CRC. Press. Boston, USA. 245 P.
· Humtsoe, N., Davoodi, R., Kulkarni, B.G. and Chavan, B. (2007). Effect of arsenic on the enzymes of the robu carp, Labio rohita, Raffles. Bulletin of Zoology, 14: 17-19.
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