تبیین الگوی برنامۀ درسی چندفرهنگی درس علوم اجتماعی دورۀ اول متوسطه با تأکید بر رویکرد فمینیستی: سنتزپژوهی
محورهای موضوعی : پژوهش در برنامه ریزی درسیالهه اسماعیلی 1 , علیرضا صادقی 2 , محمود مهرمحمدی 3
1 - دانشجوی دکتری تخصصی، رشته برنامه ریزی درسی، واحد علوم و تحقیقات، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران.
2 - دانشیار گروه برنامه‌ریزی درسی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران.
3 - استاد گروه علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران.
کلید واژه: آموزش چندفرهنگی, سنتزپژوهی, فمینیسم,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف پژوهش حاضر تبیین الگوی برنامۀ درسی چندفرهنگی درس علوم اجتماعی دورۀ اول متوسطه با تأکید بر رویکرد فمینیستی است. رویکرد این پژوهش، کیفی و از روش سنتزپژوهی استفاده شده است. میدان مطالعه شامل بررسی مقالات خارجی و داخلی چندفرهنگ گرایی و فمینیسم و روش نمونه‌گیری، هدفمند از نوع ملاک‌مدار بوده است. برای این منظور، یازده مقالۀ داخلی و هفت مقالۀ خارجی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. ابزار گردآوری داده‌ها، استفاده از نتایج حاصل از تحلیل و تفسیر داده‌ها بوده است .برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها، ازکدگذاری باز و محوری استفاده شده است. یافتۀ نهایی این پژوهش که الگوی برنامۀ درسی چندفرهنگی با تأکید بر رویکرد فمینیستی بود، طراحی شد. عناصر این الگو عبارتند از: 1) اهداف با شش مؤلفه2) محتوا با دوازده ویژگی3) سازماندهی محتوا با چهار روش 4) روشهای تدریس با یازده روش 5) روشهای ارزشیابی با هشت روش 6) پیش بینی فعالیتهای یاددهی-یادگیری، 7) سازماندهی فعالیتهای یادگیری و روشهای ارائۀ آموزش و پاسخ . بر اساس یافته‌های این پژوهش پیشنهاد می‌شود واقعیت‌ها و ویژگی‌های تکثر فرهنگی با تأکید بر رویکرد فمینیستی یا توجه به زنان چندفرهنگی ایران، در تدوین و بازنگری اسناد بالادستی مورد توجه قرار گیرد به طوری که واقعیت‌های اجتماعی و فرهنگی جامعه در اسناد مربوط منعکس شود. همچنین در تدوین کتاب‌های درسی و محتوای آنها به مؤلفه‌های آموزش چندفرهنگی با تأکید بر رویکرد فمینیستی توجه ویژه‌ای شود.
The purpose of this study is to explain the pattern of multicultural curriculum in the social sciences of the first year of high school with emphasis on the feminist approach. The approach of this research is qualitative and the method of synthesis research has been used. The field of study included the study of foreign and domestic articles on multiculturalism and feminism and the sampling method was purposeful. For this purpose, eleven domestic and seven foreign articles were reviewed. The data collection tool was the use of the results of data analysis and interpretation. For data analysis, open and axial coding was used. The final finding of this study, which was a multicultural curriculum model with an emphasis on the feminist approach, was designed. The elements of this model are: 1) Objectives with six components 2) Content with twelve features 3) Organizing content with four methods 4) Teaching methods with eleven methods 5) Evaluation methods with eight methods, 6) Predicting teaching-learning activities, 7) Organizing learning activities and methods of providing training and answers. Based on the findings of this study, it is suggested that the facts and characteristics of cultural pluralism with emphasis on feminist approach or attention to "Iranian multicultural women" be considered in the compilation and revision of upstream documents so that the social and cultural realities of society Reflect in the relevant documents. Also, in compiling textbooks and their content, special attention should be paid to the components of multicultural education with emphasis on the feminist approach.
Abbott, Pamlav Wallace, Claire (1380). Sociology of Women. Tehran: Ney.
Ahmadi, Kaveh (1384). Culture and Development. Volume 4, Tehran: Management and Planning Organization.
Amini, Mohammad (2012). Explaining multicultural curriculum and how to implement it in Iranian curriculum. Iranian Curriculum Studies Quarterly. 7 (26), 11-32.
Alspach, J. G.(2017). Because Women’s Lives Matter, We Need to Eliminate Gender Bias. Crit Care Nurse 37 (2): 10–18. https://doi.org/10.4037/ccn2017326.
Angel Alegre, M., and G. Ferrer. (2010). “School Regimes and Education Equity: Some Insights Based on PISA 2006.” British Educational Research Journal 36 (3): 433–461.10.1080/01411920902989193.
Azizi, Nematullah; Boland Hemtan, Keyvan and Soltani, Massoud (1389). A study of multicultural education in teacher training centers in Sanandaj from the perspective of students. Iranian Higher Education Association Quarterly, 3 (2), 55-78.
Awad, I. (2011). Critical multiculturalism and deliberative democracy: Opening spaces for more inclusive communication. Javnost-The Public, 18(3), 39–54. Banks, J.(1993).Multicultural Education, Historical Development, Dimension, and Practice. Review of research in education, 19, 3-49.
Baysu, G., Celeste, L., Brown, R., Verschueren, K., & Phalet, K. (2016). Minority adolescents in ethnically diverse schools: Perceptions of equal treatment buffer threat effects. Child Development, 87, 1352–1366. doi:10.1111/cdev.12609
Beavis, C. (2008). Paying Attention to Texts: Literacy, Culture and Curriculum, English in Australia Volume 43 Number 1
Bellmore, A., Nishina, A., You, J. I., & Ma, T. L. (2012). School context protective factors against peer ethnic discrimination across the high school years. American Journal of Community Psychology, 49, 98–111. doi:10.1007/s10464-011-9443-0
Blumberg, Rae Lesser. (2008). “The Invisible Obstacle to Educational Equality: Gender Bias in Textbooks.” Prospects: Quarterly
Review of Comparative Education 38:3, No. 147:345-361.
Blumberg, Rae Lesser . (2007). “Gender Bias in Textbooks: A Hidden Obstacle on the Road to Gender Equality in Education.” Paris: UNESCO 2008/ED/EFA/MRT/PI/18. Official Background Paper for 2008 Education for All Global Monitoring Report, Education for All by 2015 – Will We Make It? (Paris: UNESCO); electronic version, December 2007 (unesdoc.unesco.org/images/0015/001555/15509e.pdf).
Bohm, A. (2012). Single-sex education will not save minority boys, ACLU (American Civil Liberties Union), February 8. Retrieved from http://www.edweek.org/ew/articles/2012/02/03/kappan_noguera.html
Braun, V & Clarke, V. (2013). Teaching thematic analysis: Overcoming challenges and developing strategies for effective learning. The Psychologist, 26(2), 120-123.
Bücker , J.L.E. , O. Furrer, E. Poutsma, D. Buyens(2014). The İmpact Of Cultural Intelligence On Communication Effectiveness, Job Satisfaction and Anxiety For Chinese Host Country Managers Working For Foreign. Camicia, S. P. (2007). Deliberating immigration policy: Locating instructional materials within global and multicultural perspectives. Theory and Research in Social Education, 35 (1), 96–111.
Collins, P, H. (2006). New commodities, new consumers: Selling Blackness in a global marketplace.Ethnicities. 6 (3), 297-317
Cooper, H, Hedges, L, V., Jeffrecy, G., V., (2009). The Handbook of Research Synthesis and Meta-Analysis .Second Edition, ISBN: 978-0- 87154-163-5.
Cousins, A., and M. Mills. 2015. “Gender and High School Chemistry: Student Perceptions on Achievement in a Selective Setting.” Cambridge Journal of Education 45 (2): 187–204.10.1080/0305764X.2014.934202.
Deng, L. , Gibson, P. (2008) A Qualitative Evaluation On The Role of Cultural Intelligence In Cross - Cultural Leadership Effectiveness, International Journal of Leadership Studies, 3 (2) (2008), pp. 181-197.
Dufft A.J ; Tahbaz,A & Chan, C .(2012). The Interactive Effect of Cultural Intelligence and Openness On Task Performance. Research and Practice In Human Resource.Management, 20 (1) , pp. 1-12.
doi: https://doi.org/10.1136/bmj.n1725 (Published 13 July 2021)Cite this as: BMJ 2021;374:n1725.
Eisner,Elliot W.(1994).The Educational Imagination on The design and Evaluation of SchoolProgram.New York:Macmillan.
Emmons, E,R.(2017). College is not enough: Higher Education Does Not Eliminate Racial and Ethnic Wealth Gaps
Esmail, A. & Everington,S. (2021). Eradicating ethnic disadvantage in medical education and regulation, BMJ 2021; 374.
Engels, Christine (2008). Planning for Cultural Diversity (translated by Zeinab Toolabi; Fatemeh Hawas Beigi and Azam Ahmadi). (1391). Ilam: Ilam University.
Fathi Vajargah, Kourosh (1392). Curriculum towards new identities (description of contemporary curriculum theories). first volume. Tehran: Ayizh.
Farmer, J., Doug, K, & Benton, G, M. (2007). The Effects of Primary Sources and Field Trip Experience on the Knowledge Retention of Multicultural Content. Multicultural Education, v14 n3 p27-31.
Francis, B. Mills, M & Lupton, R. (2017). Towards social justice in education: contradictions and dilemmas. Journal of education policy, Volume 32, Issue 4, Pages414-431. https://doi.org/10.1080/02680939.2016.1276218
Gewirtz, S. (2006). Towards a Contextualized Analysis of Social Justice in Education. Educational Philosophy and Theory. Volume 38, Issue 1.Pages 69-81. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-5812.2006.00175.x
Garibay, J. Goldstein, SH. Jafri, S.E.(2014). Ontological Foundation of Multicultural Education. Journal of Education and practice, 5(37), 233-237
Gorski, P, C (2009). What we are teaching Teachers: An analysis of Multicultural Teacher education Coursework Syllabi. Teaching and Teacher Education. 25,309-318.
Grumet, M. (1981). Restitution and reconstruction of education experience: An autobiographical method for curriculum theory. In M Lawn & Barton (Eds), Rethinking curriculum studies. London, England: Croom Helm.
Giddens, Anthony and Bardsal (2010). Sociology (translated by Hassan Chavoshian) Fourth Edition. Tehran: Publisher. Date of publication in the original language (1989). Hejazi, Goddess (1386). Improving the image of women and families in elementary school textbooks and providing a desirable model. Family and Research, 1 (2). 125.
Humble, Jacob (1390). Representation of women's employment patterns in Iranian textbooks. Social Issues of Iran, (16), (63).
Hawas Beigi, Fatemeh and Sadeghi, Alireza (1398). Understanding the process of multicultural education from the perspective of Iranian ethnic teachers: Foundation Data Theory. Curriculum Research, Volume 9, Number 1.
Hamilton, Mykol C., David Anderson, Michelle Broaddus and Kate Young. )2006(. “Gender Stereotyping and Under-representation of Female Characters in 200 Popular Children’s Picture Books: A Twenty-first Century Update.” Sex Roles: A Journal of Research 55(11-12):757-765.
Javadi, Mohammad Jafar (1379). Multicultural education as an approach to education. Quarterly Journal of Education, (63), 9-26.
Kang, k, s. (2010). Multicultural education and the rights to education of migrant children in South Korea. Educational Review Volume 62, 2010 - Issue 3: Education and Global Justice: A Tribute to the Work of Lynn Davies. https://doi.org/10.1080/00131911.2010.503599.
Karimi, Ali and Moazen, Mohammad Hadi (1390). Cultural diversity and their coexistence in Iran. National Studies Quarterly, 12 (1), 26-52.Keshti Arai, Narges (1398). Gender Analysis and Feminist Pedagogy Curriculum.5.
Klein, March. (2010). )Basic concepts of the curriculum) Translated by Sirus Asadian, Islamic Azad University: Printing and Publishing Organization.
Landau, Edo (2015). Finding meaning in an imperfect world. Translation: Hossein Faraji and Maral Larijani (1399), informed.Masoudi, Mohsen (1392). Gender and curriculum: Analysis of social science curricula in middle school. Master Thesis. The University of Kordestan.McLennan, Gregor (1995). Pluralism (translation by a certain Jahangir). (1381). Tehran: Ashian.
Maleki, Hassan (1389). Curriculum planning (practice guide). Mashhad: Message of Thought.
Malekipour, Ahmad and Hakimzadeh, Rezvan. (2016). Explain the multicultural curriculum with emphasis on identifying the components of the international, national and local curriculum approach. Journal of Qualitative Research in Curriculum 1 (4), 63-85.
Musapur, Nematullah (1382). The concept of teaching and its questions. Developmental Steps in Medical Education, Journal of Medical Information and Education Center, 1, (1), 48-56.
Molravkin, Susan. Mansbridge, Jane and Kimlica, Will (2010). Two essays on the political philosophy of feminism. Translated by Niloufar Mehdian (1394), Ney.
Multinationals, The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25 (14) (2014), pp. 2068-2087.
Managers Working For Foreign Multinationals, the International Journal of Human Resource Management, 25 (14) (2014), pp. 2068-2087
Martino, W.J. (2015). The limits of role modeling as a basis for critical multicultural education: the case of Black male teachers in urban schools. Multicultural Education Review ,Volume7, Issue1-2. https://doi.org/10.1080/2005615X.2015.1061929.
McLaren, Peter.(2006).Critical Pedagogy, Multiculturalism, and the Politics of Resistan ce. Peter Lang Publishing.
Mustafa Zadeh, Esmail. Kashtiarai, Narges & Gholizadeh, Azar (1398). Necessities of multicultural education and analysis of elements and components of education, research in curriculum planning, (16) 2, No. 33.
Miller, J.L. (1979a).Curriculum theory: A recent history. JCT, 1(1), 28-43.
Miller, J. L. (1979b). Women and Education: The dichotomous. JCT, 14(3).24-28.
Mitrano,B.S. (1979). Feminist Theology and Curriculum Theory. Journal of curriculum studies. 11 (3). P 211-220. doi.org/10.10800022027790110304.
Mitrano,B.S. (1981). Feminism and Curriculum Theory: Implications for Teacher Education. Journal of Curriculum Theorizing, 3 (2). P5-85.
Moorehead, R (2011). Minorities and Education in Multicultural Japan: An Interactive Perspective, Book Reviews. Edited by Ryoko Tsuneyoshi and H. Kaori. London and Newyork; Okano& Sarane Spence Boo-Cock. Oh, J.H. (2017). Immigration and social capital in a Korean-American women’s online community: Supporting acculturation, cultural pluralism, and transnationalism. New media & society. Volume18. Issue 10. https://doi.org/10.1177/1461444816655627.
Okoli, Chitu & Schabram, Kira (2010). A Guide to Conductiving a Systematic Literature Review of Information Systems Research. Elecrtronic Journal, 10.
Pinar, W. F. (1981). Gender, Sexuality and curriculum studies: the beginning of the debate. Journal of education. 16(3).p305-317.
Pinar, W. F. (1983). The Corporate Production of Feminism and the Case of Boy George. Counterpoints, 2, 183–189. http://www.jstor.org/stable/42975627.. Postmodern education from the point of view of Jiro (1396). Research in curriculum planning, 1 (16) .18-1.
Rosado, C.(1997). What makes a school multicultural? The Adventist Journal of Education, 1-15.
Rajabzadeh; Maryam. Shirvani, Armin and Treasury, Shahab (1285). Systematic review of evidence, University Excellence Center, Office of Clinical Services Excellence. Shahid Beheshti University. Seif, Ali Akbar and Rezaei, Akbar (1384). The role of motivational beliefs, learning strategies and gender in academic performance. Education, (48).Sadeghi, Alireza (1390). Designing an optimal model for Iran's multicultural teacher training curriculum. Ph.D. Thesis . Allameh Tabatabaei University. Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences.Sadeghi, Alireza and Fatemeh Havas Beigi (1399). Assessing the level of multicultural literacy of Allameh Tabatabaei University. Faculty of Psychology and Educational Sciences.
Sadeghi, Alireza and Fatemeh Havas Beigi (1399). Assessing the level of multicultural literacy of Allameh Tabatabai University professors and presenting strategies to improve it. Two Quarterly Journal of Higher Education Curriculum Studies. Year 11, No. 21.31-67.
Strauss, Anselm and Juliet, Corbin (1994). Principles of Qualitative Research Methodology: Basic Theory, Procedures and Methods. Translated by Buick Mohammadi (1393). Tehran: Institute of Humanities and Cultural Studies .
Schachner, M.K. (2017). From equality and inclusion to cultural pluralism – Evolution and effects of cultural diversity perspectives in schools, European journal of developmental psychology. Volume 16. Issue 1.pages1-17. https://doi.org/10.1080/17405629.2017.1326378
Severiens, S., Wolff, R & Herpen, S, v. (2014). Teaching for diversity: a literature overview and an analysis of the curriculum of a teacher training college. European Journal of Teacher Education, 37:3, 295-311, DOI: 10.1080/02619768.2013.845166.
Seleetr, C, E. (2015). Probing Beneath Meanings of Multicultural Education. Multicultural Education Review, volume 2, Issue 1.pages 1-24. https://doi.org/10.1080/2005615X.2010.11102867.
Shorts E,C. (2008). Curriculum Studies Methodology: Translated by Mahmoud Mehr Mohammadi, Tehran Post Publication and Educational Studies Institute. [In Persian].
Thoris, k.k. (2010).Gender equity Matters. Arizona State University -131.
Yousefi, Somayeh and Piri, Musa (1394). Gender in the curriculum. International Conference on Psychology and Educational Sciences. Kharazmi Higher Institute of Science and Technology - Shiraz - Iran. 20 October 2015.
Zanting, A, Meershoek, A, & Frambach, J, M. (2020). The ‘exotic other’ in medical curricula: Rethinking cultural diversity in course manuals. Medical Teacher, 42:7, 791-798, DOI: 10.1080/0142159X.2020.1736534.
_||_