اثربخشی تمرینات ورزشی ایروبیک بر شادکامی و اشتیاق به برقراری ارتباط در زنان افسرده
محورهای موضوعی : تربیتی
نجمه حمید
1
(
دانشیار گروه روانشناسی بالینی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.
)
مجتبی احمدی فارسانی
2
(
دانشجوی دکتری روان شناسی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.
)
لیلا بخشی
3
(
دانشجوی دکتری روانشناسی، دانشگاه شهید چمران اهواز، اهواز، ایران.
)
کلید واژه: شادکامی, تمرینات ورزشی ایروبیک, اشتیاق به ارتباط, زنان افسرده,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف این پژوهش، بررسی تأثیر تمرینات ورزشی ایروبیک بر شادکامی و اشتیاق به برقراری ارتباط در زنان افسرده بوده است. این پژوهش آزمایشی با طرح پیش آزمون-پس آزمون با گروه کنترل بوده است. جامعۀ آماری آن را زنان افسرده مراجعه‌کننده به مراکز مشاوره و مطب روان‌پزشکان در سال 96 تشکیل داده است که بر اساس مصاحبه بالینی، ملاک‌های تشخیصی DSM-5، کسب یک انحراف معیار بالاتر از میانگین در پرسشنامه افسردگی (Beck, 1961) و ملاک‌های ورود و خروج انتخاب شدند. این افراد ازلحاظ سن، جنسیت، وضعیت اجتماعی - اقتصادی، عدم ابتلا به بیماری‌های حاد جسمانی و روان‌شناختی و سایر متغیرهای موردنظر در پژوهش کاملاً همگون بودند. از میان آنها 30 نفر به‌صورت تصادفی انتخاب و به‌طور تصادفی به دو گروه آزمایش و کنترل تقسیم شدند. ابزار مورداستفاده شامل، پرسشنامه افسردگی بک (Beck, 1961) ، مقیاس شادکامی دانشگاه مموریال نیوفاندلند (Kozma & Stones, 1980) و مقیاس اشتیاق برای برقراری ارتباط (Croskey, 1992) بوده است. گروه آزمایشی طی یک برنامه ورزشی که شامل تمرینات ورزشی ایروبیک بوده است به‌طور گروهی به مدت 12 هفته و هر هفته به میزان 3 جلسۀ یک‌ساعته شرکت کردند، اما در مورد گروه کنترل هیچ مداخله‌ای صورت نگرفت. همۀ آزمودنی‌ها در دو مرحلۀ پیش‌آزمون و پس‌آزمون، مقیاس‌های شادکامی دانشگاه نیوفاندلند و اشتیاق برای برقراری ارتباط را تکمیل کردند. نتایج حاصل آشکار ساخت که میان گروه آزمایش و کنترل ازلحاظ شادکامی و اشتیاق به برقراری ارتباط تفاوت معنی‌داری وجود دارد (p < 0.001). میزان شادکامی و اشتیاق به برقراری ارتباط در زنان گروه آزمایش در مقایسه با پیش‌آزمون و گروه کنترل به‌طور معنی‌داری افزایش یافته بود؛ بنابراین می‌توان گفت که تمرینات ورزشی ایروبیک، باعث افزایش شادکامی و اشتیاق به برقراری ارتباط در زنان افسرده می‌شود.
The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of aerobics exercise on happiness and willing to communicate in depressed women. The research method was experimental with pre-test-post-test and control group. The statistical population consisted of depressed women who referred to counseling centers and psychiatric offices in 2017. Based on clinical interviews, DSM-5 diagnostic criteria, obtaining a standard deviation higher than the mean in the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), include and exclude criteria were selected. They were matched in terms of age, sex, socioeconomic status, lack of acute physical and psychological diseases, and other variables considered in this study. 30 of them were randomly selected and randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The instruments used included the Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), the Newfoundland Happiness Scale (Monsh), and the Enthusiasm for Communication Scale. The experimental group participated in sports program that included aerobics exercise for 12 weeks, three hours each week, but no intervention was performed on the control group. All subjects completed the pre-test scales of happiness at Newfoundland University and the willing to communicate in the two pre- and post-test stages. The results revealed that there was a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in terms of happiness and willing to communicate (p <0.001). The rate of happiness and willing to communicate significantly increased in experimental group in comparison with pretest and control group. Therefore, it can be said that bodybuilding and aerobics increase happiness and the willing to communicate with depressed women.
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