The effect of core@shell nanoparticle concentration on the barrier properties of carboxymethyl cellulose-based films

محورهای موضوعی : food quality control

S. Tavakolian ¹ , H. Ahari ² , M. H. Givianrad ³ , H. Hosseini ⁴

1 - PhD Student of the Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
2 - Professor of the Department of Food Science and Technology, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran..
3 - Assistant Professor of the Department of Chemistry, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran.
4 - Professorof the Faculty of Nutrition and Food Technology, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.

تاریخ دریافت : 1401/08/12 تاریخ پذیرش : 1402/03/01 تاریخ انتشار : 1402/04/10

کلید واژه: core-shell nanoparticle, Alumina, barrier properties, Food Packaging, Nanocomposite,

چکیده مقاله :

Nanotechnology is one of the critical elements in adjusting barrier properties in both active and smart food packaging systems. In this study, it was tried to assess the effect of core@shell NPs (allotropes of Al2O3 “γ,η,α“ as core, and TiO2 and SiO2 as shell) on the barrier properties of carboxymethyl cellulose-based film including water vapor permeability, moisture absorption, and gas transmission rate. The films were fabricated with 1, 3, and 5 % of nanoparticles. The nanoparticles were analyzed from the viewpoint of morphology, crystallinity, and chemical structures. Based on the results, nanoparticles with TiO2 as shells showed more crystallinity. Increasing the concentration of nanoparticles improved the barrier properties. This improvement was more significant in films with Al2O3@TiO2 nanoparticles. Based on the results, nanoparticles with higher crystallinity could significantly block the gas and moisture diffusion pathways. In conclusion, the core@shell type nanoparticles can be a good nominee for food packaging purposes.

منابع و مأخذ:

In this study, it was tried to study the effect of the concentration ofthree allotropes of Al₂O₃@TiO₂ and Al₂O₃@SiO₂ NPs on the barrier properties of the CMC-based films for food packaging purposes. In general, the addition of both NPs and increasing their concentration improved the barrier properties. The results demonstrated that films containing NPs with more crystallinity showed better barrier properties. To sum up, using the core and shell approach can enhance the barrier potential of NPs compared to their simple form.

As are commendation, it is recommended to study these NPs in synthetic polymer-based films and natural polymer-based films. Their hybrid form is another idea that can be considered for more studies. core and shell NPs own a high surface area and they might be a good candidate to load antibacterial agents like herbal extracts. This recommendation may enhance their antibacterial activity.

 

References

Ahari, H. & Lahijani, L. K. (2021). Migration of Silver and Copper Nanoparticles from Food Coating. Coatings, 11(4), 380.

Al-Tayyar, N. A., Youssef, A. M. & Al-Hindi, R. R. (2020). Antimicrobial packaging efficiency of ZnO-SiO2 nanocomposites infused into PVA/CS film for enhancing the shelf life of food products. Food Packaging and Shelf Life, 25, 100523.

Ali, A. P. A. S., Mohammed, A. J. & Saud, H. R. (2018). Hydrothermal synthesis of TiO2/Al2O3 nanocomposite and its application as improved sonocatalyst. International Journal of Engineering & Technology, 7(4.37), 22–25.

Ali, N. A. & F. T. M. Noori (2014). Gas barrier properties of biodegradable polymer nanocomposites films. Chemistry and Materials Research, 6 (1).

Ding, H. L., Zhang, Y. X., Wang, S., Xu, J. M., Xu, S. C. & Li, G. H. (2012). Fe3O4@SiO2 core/shell nanoparticles: The silica coating regulations with a single core for different core sizes and shell thicknesses. Chemistry of Materials, 24(23), 4572–4580.

Espitia, P. J. P., Soares, N. d. F. F., dos Reis Coimbra, J. S.,  de Andrade, N. J., Cruz, R. S. & Medeiros, E. A. A. (2012). Zinc oxide nanoparticles: synthesis, antimicrobial activity and food packaging applications. Food and Bioprocess Technology 5(5), 1447-1464.

Farahmandjou, M. & Golabiyan, N. (2015). Solution combustion preparation of nano-Al2O3: Synthesis and characterization. Transp Phenom Nano Micro Scales, 3(2), 100–105.

Fasake, V., Shelake, P. S., Srivastava, A. & Dashora, K. (2021). Characteristics of Different Plastic Materials, Properties and their Role in Food Packaging. Current Nutrition & Food Science, 17(9), 944-954.

Hosseinzadeh, S., Partovi, R., Talebi, F. & Babaei, A. (2020). Chitosan/TiO2 nanoparticle/Cymbopogon citratus essential oil film as food packaging material: Physico‐mechanical properties and its effects on microbial, chemical, and organoleptic quality of minced meat during refrigeration. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 44(7), e14536.

Jafarzadeh, S. & Jafari, S. M. (2020). Impact of metal nanoparticles on the mechanical, barrier, optical and thermal properties of biodegradable food packaging materials. Critical Reviews in Food Science and Nutrition, 1-19.

Jayakumar, A., Heera, K., Sumi, T., Joseph, M., Mathew, S., Praveen, G., Nair, I. C. & Radhakrishnan, E. (2019). Starch-PVA composite films with zinc-oxide nanoparticles and phytochemicals as intelligent pH sensing wraps for food packaging application. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules, 136, 395-403.

Kusumawati, D. H., Primary Putri, N., Hidayat, N., Taufiq, A. & Supardi, Z. A. I. (2018). Synthesis and characterization of γ-Al 2 O 3/SiO 2 composite materials. Journal of Pharmaceutical Health Care and Sciences, 1093(1), 012015.

Li, X., Bandyopadhyay, P., Nguyen, T. T., Park, O. K. & Lee, J. H. (2018). Fabrication of functionalized graphene oxide/maleic anhydride grafted polypropylene composite film with excellent gas barrier and anticorrosion properties. Journal of Membrane Science, 547, 80-92.

Lin, J., Ren, W., Li, A., Yao, C., Chen, T., Ma, X., Wang, X. & Wu, A. (2019). Crystal–amorphous core–shell structure synergistically enabling TiO2 nanoparticles’ remarkable SERS sensitivity for cancer cell imaging. ACS Applied Materials & Interfaces, 12(4), 4204-4211.

Moghimi, N., Sagi, H. & Park, S. I. (2018). Leakage analysis of flexible packaging: Establishment of a correlation between mass extraction leakage test and microbial ingress. Food Packaging and Shelf Life, 16, 225-231.

Nallathambi, G., Ramachandran, T., Venkatachalam, R. & Palanivelu, R. (2011). Effect of silica nanoparticles and BTCA on physical properties of cotton fabrics. Materials Research, 14(4), 552–559.

Okuno, M., Zotov, N., Schmücker, M. & Schneider, H. (2005). Structure of SiO2–Al2O3 glasses: Combined X-ray diffraction, IR and Raman studies. Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids, 351(12), 1032–1038.

Othman, S. H., Kechik, N. R. A., Shapi’i, R. A., Talib, R. A. & Tawakkal, I. S. M. A. (2019). Water Sorption and Mechanical Properties of Starch/Chitosan Nanoparticle Films. Journal of Nanomaterials, 3843949.

Peidaei, F., Ahari, H., Anvar, S. A. A. & Ataee, M. (2021). Nanotechnology in Food Packaging and Storage: A Review. Iranian Journal of Veterinary Medicine, 15(2), 123-153.

Prashanth, P. A., Raveendra, R. S., Hari Krishna, R., Ananda, S., Bhagya, N. P., Nagabhushana, B. M., Lingaraju, K. & Raja Naika, H. (2015). Synthesis, characterizations, antibacterial and photoluminescence studies of solution combustion-derived α-Al2O3 nanoparticles. Journal of Asian Ceramic Societies, 3(3), 345–351.

Mrkić, S., Galić, K., Ivanković, M., Hamin, S. & Ciković, N. (2006). Gas transport and thermal characterization of mono-and di-polyethylene films used for food packaging. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 99(4), 1590–1599.

Priyadarshi, R. & Negi, Y. S. (2017). Effect of varying filler concentration on zinc oxide nanoparticle embedded chitosan films as potential food packaging material. Journal of Polymers and the Environment, 25(4), 1087-1098.

Ramos, M., Jiménez, A., Peltzer, M. & Garrigós, M. C. (2014). Development of novel nano-biocomposite antioxidant films based on poly (lactic acid) and thymol for active packaging. Food Chemistry, 162, 149-155.

Reshmy, R., E. Philip, E., Madhavan, A., Sindhu, R., Pugazhendhi, A., Binod, P., Sirohi, R., Awasthi, M. K., Tarafdar, A. & Pandey, A. (2021). Advanced biomaterials for sustainable applications in the food industry: Updates and challenges. Environmental Pollution, 283, 117071.

Roda, A., Matias, A. A., Paiva, A. & Duarte, A. R. C. (2019). Polymer science and engineering using deep eutectic solvents. Polymers, 11(5), 912.

Shankar, S., Teng, X., Li, G. & Rhim, J. W. (2015). Preparation, characterization, and antimicrobial activity of gelatin/ZnO nanocomposite films. Food Hydrocolloids, 45, 264-271.

Shankar, S., Wang, L. F. & Rhim, J. W. (2019). Effect of melanin nanoparticles on the mechanical, water vapor barrier, and antioxidant properties of gelatin-based films for food packaging application. Food Packaging and Shelf Life, (21), 100363.

Shen, C. H. & Springer, G. S. (1976). Moisture absorption and desorption of composite materials. Journal of Composite Materials, 10(1), 2–20.

Souza, V. G. L. & Fernando, A. L. (2016). Nanoparticles in food packaging: Biodegradability and potential migration to food—A review. Food Packaging and Shelf Life, 8, 63–70.

Tavakolian, S., Ahari, H., Givianrad, M. H. & Hosseini, H. (2021). Improving the Barrier Properties of Food Packaging by Al 2 O 3@ TiO 2 & Al 2 O 3@ SiO 2 Nanoparticles. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 1-14.

Trifol, J., Plackett, D., Szabo, P., Daugaard, A. E. & Giacinti Baschetti, M. (2020). Effect of Crystallinity on Water Vapor Sorption, Diffusion, and Permeation of PLA-Based Nanocomposites. ACS Omega, 5(25), 15362-15369.

Voon, H. C., Bhat, R., Easa, A. M., Liong, M. T. & Karim, A. A. (2012). Effect of Addition of Halloysite Nanoclay and SiO₂ Nanoparticles on Barrier and Mechanical Properties of Bovine Gelatin Films. Food and Bioprocess Technology, 5(5), 1766-1774.

Yang, S., Li, H. & Sun, H. (2018). Preparation of gelatin-based films modified with nanocrystalline cellulose. Iranian Polymer Journal, 27(9), 645-652.