پیشبینی اعتیاد، اضطراب و تکانشگری بر مبنای تجربیات ناگوار کودکی، افسردگی، ناامیدی و سلامت والدینی در دختران نوجوان
محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه زن و جامعهمریم شهاب 1 , احمدرضا کیانی چلمردی 2
1 - گروه روانشناسی، واحد اردبیل، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اردبیل، ایران
2 - عضو هیات علمی دانشگاه محقق اربیلی
کلید واژه: افسردگی, اضطراب, تکانشگری, تجربیات ناگوار کودکی, توجه والدینی,
چکیده مقاله :
هدف از پژوهش حاضر پیشبینی اعتیاد، اضطراب و تکانشگری بر مبنای تجربیات ناگوار کودکی، افسردگی، ناامیدی و سلامت والدینی در دختران نوجوان بوده است. روش پژوهش حاضر توصیفی از نوع همبستگی بود. جامعۀ پژوهش حاضر شامل کلیه دانشآموزان دختری میشد که در موسسات آموزش زبان در شهر اردبیل مشغول به گذراندن کلاسهای فوقالعاده برای یادگیری زبان در سال 1397 بودند که از بین آنها تعداد 165 نفر به صورت در دسترس به عنوان نمونه انتخاب شدند. ابزارهای پژوهش شامل پرسشنامۀ محققساختۀ سوءمصرف مواد، الکل، سیگار و داروهای روانگردان، پرسشنامۀ تجربیات ناگوار کودکی، پرسشنامۀ سلامت بیمار-2، مقیاس ناامیدی، مقیاس تکانشگری-پرخاشگری، پرسشنامۀ توجه خانوادگی و پرسشنامۀ اختلال اضطراب فراگیر بود. یافتهها نشان داد که تجربیات ناگوار کودکی با اعتیاد، اضطراب و تکانشگری رابطه مثبت معنیدار دارد. توجه والدینی نیز با اعتیاد، اضطراب و تکانشگری همبستگی منفی معنیداری داشته است و افسردگی و ناامیدی نیز با تکانشگری و اضطراب همبستگی داشتهاند. افسردگی در پیشبینی تکانشگری و اضطراب بیشترین سهم را داشته است، اما در پیشبینی اعتیاد، تجربیات ناگوار کودکی بیشترین سهم را داشته است. از این یافتهها نتیجه گرفته میشود که روابط درون خانواده و سالهای اولیۀ رشدی نقشی کلیدی در پیشبینی اختلالات در زندگی آتی فرد دارند.
The aim of this research was to predict Addiction, Anxiety and Impulsivity based on Adverse Childhood Experiences, Depression, Hopelessness and Parental Health among adolescent girls. the research method was descriptive in the form of correlation and regression. The statistical community included all girls' students of the English teaching institutions in Ardabili in 2018. A sample of 165 girls were selected out of the community through available sampling. Research Measures included substance, alcohol, smoke and psychoactive drugs abuse questionnaire, adverse childhood experiences questionnaire, Patient Health Questionnaire-2, Hopelessness scale, impulsivity-aggression scale, family attention questionnaire and generalized anxiety questionnaire. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics' indices, Pearson correlation analysis, and regression by using SPSS 23. finding show that there is a positive significant correlation between adverse childhood experiences and addiction, anxiety, and impulsivity. Parental attention has a negative correlation with addiction, anxiety, and impulsivity. Also, Depression and hopelessness has a correlation with impulsivity and anxiety. Depression play an important role in predicting impulsivity and anxiety, but in predicting addiction, the role on adverse childhood experiences was more important. From these findings, it can be concluded that relationship among family members and early year's development are key factors in predicting later life disorders.
-Amin‐Esmaeili, M., Rahimi‐Movaghar, A., Sharifi, V., Hajebi, A., Radgoodarzi, R., Mojtabai, R., ... & Motevalian, A. (2016). Epidemiology of illicit drug use disorders in Iran: prevalence, correlates, comorbidity and service utilization results from the Iranian Mental Health Survey. Addiction, 111(10), 1836-1847.
-Anda, R. F., Butchart, A., Felitti, V. J., & Brown, D. W. (2010). Building a framework for global surveillance of the public health implications of adverse childhood experiences. American journal of preventive medicine, 39(1), 93-98.
-Becker, W. C., &Fiellin, D. A. (2017). Abuse-deterrent opioid formulations—putting the potential benefits into perspective. New England Journal of Medicine, 376(22), 2103-2105.
-Bellis, M. A., Hughes, K., Leckenby, N., Jones, L., Baban, A., Kachaeva, M., ... &Raleva, M. (2014). Adverse childhood experiences and associations with health-harming behaviours in young adults: surveys in eight eastern European countries. Bulletin of the World Health Organization, 92, 641-655.
-Blaauw, B. A., Dyb, G., Hagen, K., Holmen, T. L., Linde, M., Wentzel-Larsen, T., & Zwart, J. A. (2014). Anxiety, depression and behavioral problems among adolescents with recurrent headache: the Young-HUNT study. The journal of headache and pain, 15(1), 38.
-Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (2015). Increases in drug and opioid overdose deaths — United States, 2000–2014. MMWR. Morbidity and Mortality Weekly Report,64, 1–5.
-Craske MG, Stein MB. Anxiety. Lancet. 2016;388:3048–59.
-Creswell, C., Waite, P., & Cooper, P. J. (2014). Assessment and management of anxiety disorders in children and adolescents. Archives of disease in childhood, 99(7), 674-678.
-Dehshiri, G., & Mousavi, S. F. (2015). Potential for Drug Abuse&58; the Predictive Role of Parenting Styles, Stress and Type D Personality. Research on Addiction, 9(33), 91-106.
-Dougherty, L. R., Tolep, M. R., Bufferd, S. J., Olino, T. M., Dyson, M., Traditi, J., ... & Klein, D. N. (2013). Preschool anxiety disorders: Comprehensive assessment of clinical, demographic, temperamental, familial, and life stress correlates. Journal of Clinical Child & Adolescent Psychology, 42(5), 577-589.
-Dube, S. R., Anda, R. F., Felitti, V. J., Chapman, D. P., Williamson, D. F., & Giles, W. H. (2001). Childhood abuse, household dysfunction, and the risk of attempted suicide throughout the life span: findings from the Adverse Childhood Experiences Study. Jama, 286(24), 3089-3096.
-Fraser, L., Burnell, M., Salter, L. C., Fourkala, E.-O., Kalsi, J., Ryan, A., . . . Menon, U. (2014). Identifying hopelessness in population research: a validation study of two brief measures of hopelessness. BMJ open, 4(5), e005093.
-Hajebi, A., Motevalian, S. A., Rahimi-Movaghar, A., Sharifi, V., Amin-Esmaeili, M., Radgoodarzi, R., & Hefazi, M. (2018). Major anxiety disorders in Iran: prevalence, sociodemographic correlates and service utilization. BMC psychiatry, 18(1), 261.
-Herzog, J. I., & Schmahl, C. (2018). Adverse childhood experiences and the consequences on neurobiological, psychosocial, and somatic conditions across the lifespan. Frontiers in psychiatry, 9.
-Jin, Y., He, L., Kang, Y., Chen, Y., Lu, W., Ren, X., ... & Yao, Y. (2014). Prevalence and risk factors of anxiety status among students aged 13-26 years. International journal of clinical and experimental medicine, 7(11), 4420.
-Karande, S., Gogtay, N. J., Bala, N., Sant, H., Thakkar, A., & Sholapurwala, R. (2018). Anxiety symptoms in regular school students in Mumbai City, India. Journal of postgraduate medicine, 64(2), 92.
-Karimzadeh, M., Rostami, M., Teymouri, R., Moazzen, Z., & Tahmasebi, S. (2017). The association between parental mental health and behavioral disorders in pre-school children. Electronic physician, 9(6), 4497.
-Kiani, A., Ramezani, S., & Atadokht, A. (2019). Predicting Suicidality and Addictions Among University Students Based on Adverse Childhood Experiences and Exposure to Family Members’ and Friends’ Suicide. Practice in Clinical Psychology, 7(2), 125-136.
-King, S. M., Iacono, W. G., & McGue, M. (2004). Childhood externalizing and internalizing psychopathology in the prediction of early substance use. Addiction, 99(12), 1548-1559.
-Kroenke, K., Spitzer, R. L., Williams, J. B., Monahan, P. O., & Löwe, B. (2007). Anxiety disorders in primary care: prevalence, impairment, comorbidity, and detection. Annals of internal medicine, 146(5), 317-325.
-Lansford, J. E., Malone, P. S., Castellino, D. R., Dodge, K. A., Pettit, G. S., & Bates, J. E. (2006). Trajectories of internalizing, externalizing, and grades for children who have and have not experienced their parents' divorce or separation. Journal of family Psychology, 20(2), 292.
-McLaughlin, K. A., Green, J. G., Gruber, M. J., Sampson, N. A., Zaslavsky, A. M., & Kessler, R. C. (2012). Childhood adversities and first onset of psychiatric disorders in a national sample of US adolescents. Archives of general psychiatry, 69(11), 1151-1160.
-Mersky, J. P., Topitzes, J., & Reynolds, A. J. (2013). Impacts of adverse childhood experiences on health, mental health, and substance use in early adulthood: A cohort study of an urban, minority sample in the US. Child abuse & neglect, 37(11), 917-925.
-Noorbala, A. A., Yazdi, S. A. B., & Hafezi, M. (2012). Trends in change of mental health status in the population of Tehran between 1998 and 2007. Archives of Iranian Medicine (AIM), 15(4).
-Oladeji, B. D., Makanjuola, V. A., & Gureje, O. (2010). Family-related adverse childhood experiences as risk factors for psychiatric disorders in Nigeria. The British Journal of Psychiatry, 196(3), 186-191.
-Wu, P., Hoven, C. W., Liu, X., Fuller, C. J., Fan, B., Musa, G., ... & Cook, J. A. (2008). The relationship between depressive symptom levels and subsequent increases in substance use among youth with severe emotional disturbance. Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs, 69(4), 520-527.
-Platt, R., Williams, S. R., & Ginsburg, G. S. (2016). Stressful life events and child anxiety: Examining parent and child mediators. Child Psychiatry & Human Development, 47(1), 23-34.
-Plutchik, R., & Van Praag, H. (1989). The measurement of suicidality, aggressivity and impulsivity. Progress in Neuro-Psychopharmacology & Biological Psychiatry.
-Quinn, K., Boone, L., Scheidell, J. D., Mateu-Gelabert, P., McGorray, S. P., Beharie, N., ... & Khan, M. R. (2016). The relationships of childhood trauma and adulthood prescription pain reliever misuse and injection drug use. Drug and alcohol dependence, 169, 190-198.
-Rabbani, A., Mahmoudi-Gharaei, J., Mohammadi, M. R., Motlagh, M. E., Mohammad, K., Ardalan, G., ... & Ziaaldini, H. (2012). Mental health problems of Iranian female adolescents and its association with pubertal development: a nationwide study. Acta Medica Iranica, 169-176.
-Ryan, S. R., Friedman, C. K., Liang, Y., Lake, S. L., Mathias, C. W., Charles, N. E., ... & Dougherty, D. M. (2016). Family functioning as a mediator of relations between family history of substance use disorder and impulsivity. Addictive disorders & their treatment, 15(1), 17.
-Schilling, E. A., Aseltine, R. H., & Gore, S. (2007). Adverse childhood experiences and mental health in young adults: a longitudinal survey. BMC public health, 7(1), 30.
-Shetgiri, R., Lin, H., Avila, R. M., & Flores, G. (2012). Parental characteristics associated with bullying perpetration in US children aged 10 to 17 years. American journal of public health, 102(12), 2280-2286.
-Shonkoff, J. P. (2016). Capitalizing on advances in science to reduce the health consequences of early childhood adversity. JAMA pediatrics, 170(10), 1003-1007.
-Solis, J., M Shadur, J., R Burns, A., & M Hussong, A. (2012). Understanding the diverse needs of children whose parents abuse substances. Current drug abuse reviews, 5(2), 135-147.
-Ryan, S. R., Friedman, C. K., Liang, Y., Lake, S. L., Mathias, C. W., Charles, N. E., ... & Dougherty, D. M. (2016). Family functioning as a mediator of relations between family history of substance use disorder and impulsivity. Addictive disorders & their treatment, 15(1), 17.
-Tsavoussis, A., Stawicki, S., Stoicea, N., & Papadimos, T. J. (2014). Child-witnessed domestic violence and its adverse effects on brain development: a call for societal self-examination and awareness. Frontiers in public health, 2, 178.
-Van Droogenbroeck, F., Spruyt, B., & Keppens, G. (2018). Gender differences in mental health problems among adolescents and the role of social support: results from the Belgian health interview surveys 2008 and 2013. BMC psychiatry, 18(1), 6.Verdejo-García, A., Lawrence, A. J., & Clark, L. (2008). Impulsivity as a vulnerability marker for substance-use disorders: review of findings from high-risk research, problem gamblers and genetic association studies. Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews, 32(4), 777-810.
-Wang, Y. Y., Jiang, N. Z., Cheung, E. F., Sun, H. W., & Chan, R. C. (2015). Role of depression severity and impulsivity in the relationship between hopelessness and suicidal ideation in patients with major depressive disorder. Journal of Affective Disorders, 183, 83-89.
-Windle, M., & Windle, R. C. (2001). Depressive symptoms and cigarette smoking among middle adolescents: Prospective associations and intrapersonal and interpersonal influences. Journal of consulting and clinical psychology, 69(2), 215.
-Wingenfeld, K., Schäfer, I., Terfehr, K., Grabski, H., Driessen, M., Grabe, H., ... & Spitzer, C. (2011). The reliable, valid and economic assessment of early traumatization: first psychometric characteristics of the German version of the Adverse Childhood Experiences Questionnaire (ACE). Psychotherapie, Psychosomatik, medizinische Psychologie, 61(1), e10-4.
-Wu, P., Hoven, C. W., Liu, X., Fuller, C. J., Fan, B., Musa, G., ... & Cook, J. A. (2008). The relationship between depressive symptom levels and subsequent increases in substance use among youth with severe emotional disturbance. Journal of studies on alcohol and drugs, 69(4), 520-527.
-Zhang, Y. L., Liang, W., Chen, Z. M., Zhang, H. M., Zhang, J. H., Weng, X. Q., . . . Zhang, Y. L. (2013). Validity and reliability of P atient H ealth Q uestionnaire‐9 and P atient H ealth Q uestionnaire‐2 to screen for depression among college students in China. Asia‐Pacific Psychiatry, 5(4), 268-275.
_||_