مقایسه اثربخشی شفقت درمانی و درمان مبتنی بر بهبود کیفیت زندگی بر خود انتقادی و افسردگی مبتلایان به افسردگی اساسی

محورهای موضوعی : تکتونواستراتیگرافی

فاطمه پیر جاوید ¹ (گروه روانشناسی، واحد نیشابور، دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی، نیشابور، ایران.)
حسن توزنده جانی ² (گروه روانشناسی، واحد نیشابور، دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی، نیشابور، ایران.)
زهرا باقرزاده گل مکانی ³ (گروه روانشناسی، واحد نیشابور، دانشگاه ازاد اسلامی، نیشابور، ایران.)

تاریخ دریافت : 1399/10/17 تاریخ پذیرش : 1400/11/16 تاریخ انتشار : 1400/11/01

کلید واژه: افسردگی, شفقت درمانی, درمان مبتنی بر بهبود کیفیت زندگی, خود انتقادی,

چکیده مقاله :

هدف: افسردگی ازجمله مشکلات شایع با پیامدهای گوناگون اقتصادی، اجتماعی و روان‌شناختی هستند. از این رو، هدف این پژوهش مقایسه اثربخشی شفقت درمانی و درمان مبتنی بر بهبود کیفیت زندگی بر خود انتقادی و افسردگی مبتلایان به افسردگی اساسی بود.
روش: طرح پژوهش نیمه‌آزمایشی و از نوع پیش آزمون، پس آزمون و پیگیری با گروه کنترل بود. جامعه آماری تمامی‌بیماران مبتلا به افسردگی اساسی مراجعه کننده به مراکز مشاوره روان‌شناختی شهر نیشابور سه ماهه اول سال 1398 بودند که از میان آن‌ها 45 نفر به صورت در دسترس انتخاب شدند، و به‌صورت تصادفی در دو گروه آزمایش 1 و 2 (هر گروه 15 نفر)، و یک گروه کنترل جایگزین شدند. گروه آزمایش اول درمان درمان مبتنی بر شفقت، گروه دوم درمان مبتنی بر بهبود کیفیت زندگی را دریافت کردند و گروه کنترل در فهرست انتظار قرار گرفتند. برای جمع آوری اطلاعات از پرسش‌نامه خودانتقادگری و عدم خود اطمینان بخشی گیلبرت و همکاران (2004)، پرسش‌نامه افسردگی بک (1996) استفاده شد. برای تجزیه و تحلیل داده‌ها از آزمون تحلیل مالتی­وریت استفاده شد.
نتیجه گیری: نتایج حاکی از آن بود که شفقت درمانی و درمان مبتنی بر بهبود کیفیت زندگی باعث بهبود خود انتقادی و افسردگی مبتلایان به افسردگی اساسی می‌گردد. هم‌چنین، اثربخشی شفقت درمانی بر کاهش این مسائل روان‌شناختی، بیش‌تر از درمان مبتنی بر بهبود کیفیت زندگی می‌باشد.
بحث و نتیجه‌گیری: هر دو درمان بر کاهش خود انتقادی و افسردگی موثر بوده است، اما شفقت درمانی نسبت به درمان مبتنی بر بهبود کیفیت زندگی برتری معناداری داشته است (P<05/0).

چکیده انگلیسی:

Background & Aims: Depression is one of the most common problems with various consequences in economic, social, psychological Fields. Thus, the present study aimed to Comparing the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy and quality of life therapy on selfcriticism and Depression patient with major depression.
Methods & Materials: This study is a semi-experimental ‎research with a pretest-‎posttest and follow-‎up ‎control group design. The statistical population of this study comprises all patient with major depression who referred to counseling centers in Neyshabur during the first three months of 1398 SH (2018-2019) that 45 of these patient who were selected by available sampling and were randomly assigned into two experimental groups 1 and 2 (15 subjects) and one control group. The first experimental group underwent compassion-focused therapy, the second experimental group received quality of life therapy and the control group was placed on the waiting list. Data were collected using Gilbert selfcriticism Questionnaire and Beck Depression Questionnaire. For data analysis, repeated measures ‎ANOVA‎ was applied.
Results: compassion-focused therapy and quality of life therapy improves self-criticism and depression patient with major depression. Also, the effectiveness of compassion-focused therapy in reducing these psychological problems is more than quality of life therapy.

Conclusion: Both treatments have been shown to reduce self-criticism and depression, but compassion-focused therapy has been significantly superior to quality of life therapy.

منابع و مأخذ:

1- Abedi, M. R., & Vostanis, P. (2010). Evaluation of quality of life therapy for parents of children with obsessivecompulsive disorders in Iran. European Child & Adolescent Psychiatry. 19 (7), 605-13.

2- Ahmad Poor Yazji, J., Zahrakar, K., & Kiamensh, A. (2017). Comparison of the Effectiveness of Compassion-Based Therapy and Well-Being Therapy on the Psychological Capital of Female Students with Emotional Failure. Women and Culture Research.  8 (21), 7-31.

3- Albertson, E. R., Neff, K. D., & Dill-Shackleford, K. E. (2015). Self-compassion and body dissatisfaction in women: A randomized controlled trial of a brief meditation intervention. Mindfulness, 6(3), 444-454.‏

4- Beck, A. T., Steer, R. A., Ball, R., & Ranieri, W. F. (1996). Comparison of Beck Depression Inventories-IA and-II in psychiatric outpatients. Journal of personality assessment, 67(3), 588-597.‏

5- Braehler, C., Gumley, A., Harper, J., Wallace, S., Norrie, J., & Gilbert, P. (2013). Exploring change processes in compassion focused therapy in psychosis: Results of a feasibility randomized controlled trial. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 52(2), 199-214.‏

6- Brophy, K., Brähler, E., Hinz, A., Schmidt, S., & Körner, A. (2020). The role of self-compassion in the relationship between attachment, depression, and quality of life. Journal of affective disorders, 260, 45-52.‏

7- Chukhraev, N., Vladimirov, A., Zukow, W., Chukhraiyeva, O., & Levkovskaya, V. (2017). Combined physiotherapy of anxiety and depression disorders in dorsopathy patients. Journal of Physical Education and Sport, 17(1), 414.‏

8- Cuppage, J., Baird, K., Gibson, J., Booth, R., & Hevey, D. (2018). Compassion focused therapy: Exploring the effectiveness with a transdiagnostic group and potential processes of change. British Journal of Clinical Psychology, 57(2), 240-254.‏

9- Diener, E. (2006). Guidelines for national indicators of subjective well-being and ill-being. Journal of happiness studies, 7(4), 397-404.‏

10- Dobson, K. S., & Mohammadkhani, P. (2007). Psychometric properties of the BDI-II in a sample of patients with major depression disorder. J Rehabilitation, 8(2), 80-6.‏

11- Elaine, B. C. J., & Hollins, M. (2016). Exploration of a training programme for student therapists that employs Compassionate Mind Training (CMT) to develop compassion for self and others. The Arts in Psychotherapy, 22, 5-13.‏

12- Emami, Z., Kajbaf, M. (2015). The Effectiveness of Quality of Life Therapy on Anxiety and Depression in Female High School students. Research in Cognitive and Behavioral Sciences, 4(2), 89-102.

13- Enns, M. W., & Cox, B. J. (1999). Perfectionism and depression symptom severity in major depressive disorder. Behaviour research and therapy, 37(8), 783-794.‏

14- Faridhosseini, F., Baniasadi, M., Bordbar, M. R. F., Pourgholami, M., Ahrari, S., & Asgharipour, N. (2017). Effectiveness of psychoeducational group training on quality of life and recurrence of patients with bipolar disorder. Iranian journal of psychiatry, 12(1), 21.‏

15- Frisch, M. B. (2006). Quality of life therapy: Applying a life satisfaction approach to positive psychology and cognitive therapy. John Wiley & Sons.‏

16- Frisch, M. B. (2013). Evidence-based well-being/positive psychology assessment and intervention with quality of life therapy and coaching and the Quality of Life Inventory (QOLI). Social Indicators Research, 114(2), 193-227.‏

17- Gilbert, P. (2009). The compassionate mind: Anew approach to life chaleng. london: constable and The develoment of a new measure. Addiction Research and theoty. 19, 3-13.

18- Gilbert, P. (2010). Compassion Focused Therapy: Special Issue. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy, 3(2): 97-201.

19- Gilbert, P. (2014). The origins and nature of compassion focused therapy. Br J Clin Psychol. 53(1): 6-41

20- Gilbert, P. (2019). Explorations into the nature and function of compassion. Current Opinion in Psychology, 28, 108-114.‏

21- Gilbert, P., & Irons, C. (2004). A pilot exploration of the use of compassionate images in a group of self‐critical people. Memory, 12(4), 507-516.‏

22- Gonzalez-Hernandez, E., Romero, R., Campos, D., Burychka, D., Diego-Pedro, R., Baños, R., & Cebolla, A. (2018). Cognitively-based compassion training (CBCT®) in breast cancer survivors: A randomized clinical trial study. Integrative cancer therapies, 17(3), 684-696.‏

23- Harris, R. (2019). ACT made simple: An easy-to-read primer on acceptance and commitment therapy. New Harbinger Publications.‏

24- Jang, H. J. (2016). Comparative study of health promoting lifestyle profiles and subjective happiness in nursing and non-nursing students. Adv Sci Technology Letter, 128(7), 78-82.‏

25- Joeng, J. R., & Turner, S. L. (2015). Mediators between self-criticism and depression: Fear of compassion, self-compassion, and importance to others. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 62(3), 453.‏

26- Kannan, D., & Levitt, H. M. (2013). A review of client self-criticism in psychotherapy. Journal of Psychotherapy Integration, 23(2), 166-178.

27- Kennard, E. J., Lieberman, J., Saaid, A., & Rolfe, K. J. (2015). A preliminary comparison of laryngeal manipulation and postural treatment on voice quality in a prospective randomized crossover study. Journal of Voice, 29(6), 751-754.‏

28- Khandaker, G. M., Zuber, V., Rees, J. M., Carvalho, L., Mason, A. M., Foley, C. N., & Burgess, S. (2020). Shared mechanisms between coronary heart disease and depression: findings from a large UK general population-based cohort. Molecular psychiatry, 25(7), 1477-1486.‏

29- Kılıç, A., Hudson, J., McCracken, L. M., Ruparelia, R., Fawson, S., & Hughes, L. D. (2020). A Systematic Review of the Effectiveness of Self-Compassion-Related Interventions for Individuals with Chronic Physical Health Conditions. Behavior Therapy.‏

30- Luoma, J. B., & Platt, M. G. (2015). Shame, self-criticism, self-stigma, and compassion in Acceptance and Commitment Therapy. Current Opinion in Psychology, 2, 97-101.

31- Miller, A. H., & Raison, C. L. (2016). The role of inflammation in depression: from evolutionary imperative to modern treatment target. Nature reviews immunology, 16(1), 22.‏

32- Navarro-Gil, M., Lopez-del-Hoyo, Y., Modrego-Alarcón, M., Montero-Marin, J., Van Gordon, W., Shonin, E., & Garcia-Campayo, J. (2020). Effects of attachment-based compassion therapy (ABCT) on self-compassion and attachment style in healthy people. Mindfulness, 11(1), 51-62.‏

33- Neff, K. D., & Germer, C. K. (2013). A pilot study and randomized controlled trial of the mindful self‐compassion program. Journal of clinical psychology, 69(1), 28-44.

34- Neff, K. D., & Tóth-Király, I. (2020). Self-Compassion Scale (SCS).‏

35- Neff, K., & Germer, C. (2017). Self-Compassion and Psychological. The Oxford handbook of compassion science, 371.‏

36- Noorbala, F., Borjali, A., & Noorbala, A. (2013). The interaction effect between " self-Compassion" and " Rumination" of depressed patients in " Compassion Focused Therapy", Daneshvar Medicine, 20(104), 77-84.

37- Percy, M., & Richardson, C. (2018). Introducing nursing practice to student nurses: How can we promote care compassion and empathy. Nurse education in practice, 29, 200-205.‏

38- Quoidbach, J., Mikolajczak, M., & Gross, J. J. (2015). Positive interventions: An emotion regulation perspective. Psychological bulletin, 141(3), 655.‏

39- Rajabi, G., Malik Mohammadi, F., Amanallahifar, A., & Sudani, M. (2015). Self-criticism, internal religious orientation, depression, and feeling of loneliness with mediation of silencing the self among students involved in romantic relationships: A path analysis model. Journal of fundamentals of mental health, 17(6), 284-291.‏

40- Riemann, D., Krone, L. B., Wulff, K., & Nissen, C. (2020). Sleep, insomnia, and depression. Neuropsychopharmacology, 45(1), 74-89.‏

41- Rostami, M,. Abolghasemi, A., & Narimani, M. (2016). The effectiveness of quality-based treatment on the quality of life of incompatible couples. Journal of Scientific Researchers. 15 (1). 19-27.

42- Seligman, M. E., Ernst, R. M., Gillham, J., Reivich, K., & Linkins, M. (2009). Positive education: Positive psychology and classroom interventions. Oxford review of education, 35(3), 293-311.‏

43- Soltannejad, S. (2013). The efficacy of quality of life training on Self-efficacy in patient under hemodialysis treatment. Med Surg Nurs J, 2(1-2), e87593.‏

44- Toghiani, M. (2011). The Effectiveness of Quality of Life Therapy on mental health, vitality and mental wellbeing of adolescent boys. Master's thesis of clinical psychology: Isfahan University.‏

45- Wadsworth, L. P., Forgeard, M., Hsu, K. J., Kertz, S., Treadway, M., & Björgvinsson, T. (2018). Examining the role of repetitive negative thinking in relations between positive and negative aspects of self-compassion and symptom improvement during intensive treatment. Cognitive Therapy and Research, 42(3), 236-249.‏

46- Xu, S., Zhang, Z., Wang, A., Zhu, J., Tang, H., & Zhu, X. (2018). Effect of self-efficacy intervention on quality of life of patients with intestinal stoma. Gastroenterology Nursing, 41(4), 341.‏