تأثیر آموزه‌های اسلامی بر کالبد معماری خانه‌های ایرانی نمونه موردی: خانه سنتی در اقلیم گرم و خشک ایران

محورهای موضوعی : فصلنامه علمی برنامه ریزی منطقه ای

احمد امین‌پور ¹ (دانشیار گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران)
رامین مدنی ² (استادیار گروه معماری، دانشکده معماری و شهرسازی، دانشگاه هنر اصفهان، اصفهان، ایران)
حامد حیاتی ³ (مدرس گروه معماری، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران)
علی رضا زارع ⁴ (دانشجوی دکتری شهرسازی، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران)

تاریخ دریافت : 1396/12/11 تاریخ پذیرش : 1397/02/03 تاریخ انتشار : 1397/02/01

کلید واژه: مسکن, معماری اسلامی, آموزه‌های اسلامی, خانه‌های مسلمانان,

چکیده مقاله :

         این پژوهش بر آن است که نقش آموزه­های اسلامی را در چگونگی شکل­گیری محیط مسکونی مورد تحلیل و بررسی قرار دهد. در میان فضاهای مختلف معماری، ابنیه مسکونی از مهمترین فضاهایی هستند که بخش غالب عمر انسان­ها در آنها سپری می­شود و لذا در این پژوهش سعی شده است تا براساس آموزه­های اسلامی نتایجی کاربردی برای طراحی این فضاها استنتاج شود. توجه به اصول معماری خانه در آموزه­های اسلامی و بررسی میزان تحقق این اصول در گذشته و بازشناسی این اصول برای معماری معاصر ضروری به نظر می­رسد. بازشناسی اصول و معیارهای شهرهای سنتی و کالبد دادن به آنان به زبان حال براساس آموزه­های اسلامی می­تواند بر توانمندی­های برنامه­ریزی شهری کشور افزوده و پایه­های محکم و پایداری را در توسعه شهری ماندگار نماید. پژوهش حاضر در جست­وجوی چگونگی تأثیر آموزه­های اسلامی (متغیرمستقل) بر کالبد معماری خانه­های مسلمانان (متغیر وابسته) در اقلیم گرم و خشک ایران است. به صورتی که پس از مطالعه دقیق آموز­های اسلامی از آیات قرآن و احادیث معتبر، چگونگی تأثیر این عوامل و تجلی آن در نمونه­های موردی، مورد بررسی دقیق قرار گرفته­اند. در این مقاله در ابتدا به آن دسته از مؤلفه­های مسکن مطلوب اسلامی )اعم از مؤلفه­های کلان و خُرد( که به صورت مستقیم و یا غیرمستقیم با مقوله معماری ارتباط می­یابد اشاره شده است. سپس، ضمن جستجو در گزاره­های اسلامی )شامل آیات و روایات) که حاوی کلید واژه­های مرتبط با معماری بوده­اند به تحلیل این گزاره­ها پرداخته شده است تا نتایجی کاربردی برای استفاده در طراحی و سازماندهی ریزفضاهای مختلف مسکونی استنباط شود. با توجه به اقتضائات این پژوهش و منابع اسنادیِ مورد استفاده، از گونه پژوهش کیفی برای انجام این تحقیق استفاده شده است که از میان روش­های مختلفی که در این گونه دسته­بندی می­شوند در این مقاله از روش تحلیل محتوای کیفی استفاده شده است. براساس نتایج بدست آمده از این پژوهش و با استناد به آموزه­های اسلامی رعایت اصول محرمیت، درون­گرایی، عدم اشراف، قناعت، تعادل، سلسله مراتب، تناسب و توازن، نظم، ارتباط با طبیعت، فضای تهی (حیاط)، رعایت بهداشت در مسکن و اهمیت جهت­گیری مسکن به طرف قبله توصیه شده است.

چکیده انگلیسی:

       This study has attempted to investigate the role of Islamic teachings in the formation of a residential environment. Among the various architectural spaces, residential buildings are among the most important spaces in which the dominant part of human life spans. Therefore, some practical conclusions are addressed based on the Islamic teachings in order to design these spaces. Paying attention to the principles of house architecture in Islamic teachings, the inspection of the extent to which these principles have been realized in the past, and the recognition of these principles for contemporary architecture are necessary. Identifying the principles and standards of traditional cities and giving them an authentic language in accordance with Islamic teachings can increase the capabilities of urban planning and maintain solid and sustainable foundations in urban development. The present research aimed at investigating the effect of Islamic teachings (independent variables) on the architecture of Muslim houses (dependent variable) in a hot and dry climate in Iran. Following the detailed study of Islamic teachings from the Quranic verses and authentic Hadiths, the effect of these factors and their manifestations have been carefully examined in this case study. to this end, the desirable Islamic components (including the macro and macro components), which are directly or indirectly related to the subject of architecture are presented. Then, while searching in Islamic verses (including verses and narrations) which contain the keywords related to architecture, the Islamic verses have been analyzed to find useful results for designing and organizing various residential spaces. Considering the requirements of this research and the resources used, a qualitative research method has been utilized. Among the various methods that are classified in this categorythe qualitative content analysis method has been used. According to the results obtained from this research and based on the Islamic teachings, observing the principles of confidentiality, internalism, lack of visibility, contentment, balance, hierarchy, balance, order, relationship with nature, empty space (courtyard), hygiene in housing, and the importance of orienting housing to the qibla are suggested.

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