تأثیر اندازه ذرات و تیمارهای هیدروترمال و نوع تخمیر بر کاهش اسید فیتیک و ویژگی‌های فیزیکو شیمیایی و تغذیه‌ای سبوس گندم
سمیرا منصورگرگانی
1
(
دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان
)
یحیی مقصودلو
2
(
عضو هیات علمی
)
مرتضی خمیری
3
(
استاد گروه علوم وصنایع غذایی /دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی ومنابع طبیعی گرگان
)
مهران اعلمی
4
(
دانشیار گروه علوم و صنایع غذایی، دانشکده صنایع غذایی، دانشگاه علوم کشاورزی و منابع طبیعی گرگان، گرگان، ایران
)
محمد قربانی
5
(
Department of Food Materials and Process Design Engineering, University of Agricultural Sciences and Natural Resources, Gorgan, Iran
)
کلید واژه: سبوس گندم, اسید فیتیک, اندازه ذرات, هیدروترمال, تخمیر,
چکیده مقاله :
سبوس گندم سرشار از مواد معدنی، فیبر، ویتامین‌های گروه ب و غیره است. بااین‌وجود، حاوی ترکیبات ضد تغذیه‌ای مثل اسید فیتیک است که با جذب مواد معدنی مانع از جذب آن‌ها در بدن می‌شود. در این پژوهش سبوس‌ها آسیاب و با استفاده از الک شماره 80 جداسازی شدند. سبوس گندم در بافر استات (8/4= pH) خیسانده و اتوکلاو شد(C˚121 ،2 ساعت). سبوس اتوکلاو شده با آب و مخمر خشک فعال/ سوسپانسیون باکتری های اسید لاکتیک / سوسپانسیون باکتری های اسید لاکتیک و مخمر تخمیر شدند. تغییرات محتویات اسید فیتیک، فیبر رژیمی محلول و نامحلول، تیامین و ریبوفلاوین، محتوای مواد معدنی، ظرفیت نگهداری آب و اندیس جذب آب سبوس گندم با اندازه ذرات بزرگ‌تر و کوچک‌تر از 180 میکرون در طی تیمارهای هیدروترمال و تخمیر مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. نتایج نشان داد کاهش اندازه ذرات، تیمارهای هیدروترمال و تخمیر باعث کاهش اسید فیتیک سبوس گندم شد. محتوای فیبر رژیمی محلول و نامحلول به ترتیب افزایش و کاهش یافت. ظرفیت نگهداری و شاخص جذب آب به ترتیب روند مشابهی با فیبر رژیمی نامحلول و فیبر رژیمی محلول داشت. محتوای مواد معدنی (Fe2+, Zn2+, Cu2+) در اثر تیمار هیدروترمال و کاهش اندازه ذرات کاهش و در اثر فرایند تخمیر افزایش یافت. محتوای تیامین و ریبوفلاوین در اثر تیمار هیدروترمال افزایش یافت و تیمار تخمیر منجر به تولید تیامین و ریبوفلاوین شد. با مشاهده داده های بدست آمده به این نتیجه رسیدیم، استفاده از تیمار های هیدروترمال و تخمیر و کاهش اندازه ذرات برای کاهش محتوای اسید فیتیک مناسب است.
چکیده انگلیسی :
Wheat bran is rich in minerals, fiber, B vitamins, etc. However, it contains anti-nutritional compounds such as phytic acid, which prevents the absorption of minerals in the body. In this research, the bran was ground and separated using sieve number 80. Wheat bran was soaked in acetate buffer (pH = 4.8) and autoclaved (121°C, 2 hours). Autoclaved bran was fermented with water and active dry yeast/suspension of lactic acid bacteria/suspension of lactic acid bacteria and yeast. Changes in the content of phytic acid, soluble and insoluble dietary fiber, thiamin and riboflavin, mineral content, water holding capacity and water absorption index of wheat bran with particle size larger and smaller than 180 microns were investigated during hydrothermal and fermentation treatments. The results showed that reducing the particle size, hydrothermal treatments and fermentation reduced the phytic acid of wheat bran. The content of soluble and insoluble dietary fiber increased and decreased, respectively. The storage capacity and water absorption index had a similar trend with insoluble dietary fiber and soluble dietary fiber, respectively. The content of minerals (Fe2+, Zn2+, Cu2+) decreased due to hydrothermal treatment and particle size reduction and increased due to fermentation process. The contents of thiamine and riboflavin increased due to hydrothermal treatment and fermentation treatment led to the production of thiamine and riboflavin. By observing the data obtained from this research, we came to the conclusion that the use of hydrothermal treatments and fermentation and reducing the size of particles is suitable for reducing the content of phytic acid.
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