کاربرد تلفیقی کودهای زیستی، آلی و شیمیایی بر پاسخ های رشد و کیفیت چند رقم سیب زمینی (Solanum tuberosum) در شمال استان خوزستان
محورهای موضوعی : اکوفیزیولوژی گیاهان زراعی
mansour timar
1
(- Department of Agronomy, Khuzestan Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Ahvaz, Iran.)
شهرام لک
2
(استاد گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران)
علیرضا شکوه فر
3
(دانشیار گروه زراعت، واحد اهواز، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، اهواز، ایران)
ناصر ظریفی نیا
4
(استادیار پژوهشی موسسه تحقیقات باغبانی، پژوهشکده سبزی وصیفی، مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی ومنابع طبیعی صفی¬آباد، سازمان تحقیقات، آموزش وترویج کشاورزی، دزفول، ایران)
مجتبی علوی فاضل
5
(استاد گروه زراعت، واحد علوم و تحقیقات تهران، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، تهران، ایران)
کلید واژه: محرک رشد, ارگانیک, تغذیه متعادل, نیتروژن, سولانین,
چکیده مقاله :
به منظور بررسی تأثیر مدیریت تغذیه رقم‌های مختلف سیب زمینی بر عملکرد کمی و کیفی و مقدار عناصر غذایی غده سیب زمینی آزمایشی در مرکز تحقیقات کشاورزی صفی آباد دزفول به صورت اسپلیت پلات در قالب طرح بلوك‌هاي کامل تصادفی با سه تکرار در طی دو سال زراعی 1396-1395 انجام شد. تیمارهای مورد بررسی عبارت بودند از تغذیه در سه سطح (تغذیه با کودهای شیمیایی اوره، سوپرفسفات تریپل و سولفات پتاسیم (به ترتیب 180، 150 و 100 کیلوگرم در هکتار)، تغذیه با کود آلی هیومیک اسید و کود بیولوژیکی فسفر بارور2 (به ترتیب 1 کیلوگرم و 100 گرم در هکتار) و تیمار تغذیه تلفیقی با کودهای شیمیایی+هیومیک اسید+فسفر بارور 2، در کرت های اصلی و رقم‌های سیب زمینی (سانته، آریندا و ساوالان) در کرت¬های فرعی قرار گرفتند. تیمارهای تغذیه با کود شیمیایی درصد ماده خشک بالاتری از سایر تیمارها داشتند و تیمار تغذیه با کود شیمیایی+هیومیک اسید+فسفر بارور 2 در رتبه بعدی قرار گرفت. رقم سانته در سال دوم تحقیق و تغذیه با کود شیمیایی به مقدار 27/69 درصد، ماده خشک بالاتری از سایر تیمارها داشت و پس از آن رقم ساوالان در همین تیمار تغذیه و در سال دوم کشت با درصد ماده خشک برابر 26/47 درصد قرار داشت. مقدار نیتروژن سیب زمینی در سال دوم نسبت به سال اول افزایش معنی داری داشته و بیشترین غلظت نیتروژن سیب زمینی در تیمارهای مورد مطالعه در سال دوم تحقیق مشاهده شد. بیشترین غلظت فسفر در تیمار تغذیه با هیومیک اسید+ فسفر بارور 2 در سال دوم به میزان 3/31 میلی‌گرم بر گرم در رقم آریندا به‌دست آمد. تیمارهای تغذیه با هیومیک اسید در مجموع شرایط بهتری از سایر تیمارها از نظر غلظت فسفر داشتند. بر اساس نتایج صفات کیفی، کمترین مقادیر سم سولانین به میزان 546/4 و 632/2 میکروگرم برگرم ماده خشک در رقم ساوالان به ترتیب در سال اول و دوم به دست آمد. تیمارهای تغذیه با کود شیمیایی و رقم آریندا در هر دو سال تحقیق، کمترین مقدار سم سولانین را به خود اختصاص دادند. رقم ساوالان عملکرد بهتری نسبت به سایر رقم‌ها داشت و در مجموع استفاده از کود زیستی فسفر بارور 2 و هیومیک اسید باعث بهبود خصوصیات کمی و کیفی سیب زمینی در شرایط اقلیمی شمال خوزستان شد.
In order to investigate the effect of nutrition management of different potato cultivars, on the quantitative and qualitative traits and nutrients content in the potato tuber, an experiment was conducted in Safi Abad Agricultural Research Center of Dezful as split plot based on completely randomized block design with three replications during two cropping years 2016-2017. The studied treatments are nutrition at three levels (application of urea, triple superphosphate and potassium sulfate fertilizers (180, 150 and 100 kg.ha-1, respectively), nutrition with humic acid organic fertilizer and phosphorus Barvar-2 (1kg and 100 g.ha-1, respectively) and combined nutrition treatment with chemical fertilizers + humic acid+ phosphorus Barvar-2) in main plots and potato cultivars (Sante, Arinda and Savalan) in sub plots. The results showed that chemical fertilizer treatments had a higher percentage of dry matter than other nutritional treatments and nutritional treatment with chemical fertilizer+ humic acid+Barvar-2 was in the next rank. Also, findings showed that Sante cultivar in the second year with application of chemical fertilizer had higher percentage of dry matter than other treatments by 27.69 percent followed by Savalan cultivar was in the same nutrition treatment in the second year of cultivation 26.47 percent dry matter. Based on the results of mean comparison, the nitrogen content of potato in the second year increased significantly compared to the first year and the highest nitrogen content was observed in the studied treatments in the second year of the study. The highest amount of phosphorus was the humic acid+ Barvar-2 treatment in the second year by 3.31 mg. g-1 in Arinda cultivar. Generally, humic acid treatments were better than other nutritional treatments in terms of phosphorus levels. Also, according to the qualitative traits, the lowest levels of solanine toxin were obtained in the first and second year in Savalan cultivar, by 546.4 and 632. 2μg.g-1 dry matter respectively. In chemical fertilizer nutrition treatments, Arinda cultivar had the lowest amount of solanine toxin in both years of research. Overall, the results of this study showed that Savalan cultivar had better performance than other cultivars and in general, the application of phosphorus Barvar-2 and humic acid improved the quantitative and qualitative characteristics of potatoes in the northern Khuzestan climatic conditions.
Abdollahi, M., A. Soleymani, and M.H. Shahrajabian. 2018. Evaluation of yield and some of physiological indices of potato cultivars in relation to chemical, biological and manure fertilizers. Cercetări Agronomice în Moldova. 2(174): 53-66.
Abu-Zinada, I.A., and K.S. Sekh-Eleid. 2015. Humic acid to decrease fertilization rate on potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). American Journal of Agriculture and Forestry. 3: 234-238.
Alenazi, M., A.W. Mahmood, S.A. Hesham, A.I. Abdullah, and A. Abdullah. 2016. Water regimes and humic acid application influences potato growth, yield, tuber quality and water use efficiency. American Journal of Potato Research. 93(5): 463-473.
Alhadeedy, M.A.H. 2020. Effects of spraying of humic acid and the addition of different levels of organic fertilizer on growth and yield of two varieties of potatoes under drip irrigation. Plant Archives. 20(1): 2687-2691.
Amini, R., A. Dabbagh Mohammadi Nasab, and SH. Mahdavi. 2018. Effect of organic fertilizers in combination with chemical fertilizer on tuber yield and some qualitative characteristics of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Agricultural Ecology. 9(3:3): 734-748.
Banerjee, M., R.L. Yesmin, and J.K. Vessey. 2006. Plant-growth promoting rhizobactteria as biofertilizer and biopesticides. Pp.137-181. In: Rai, M.K. (ed) Handbook of Microbial Biofertilizers. Food Production Press, USA.
Bolandi, A.R., and K. Hamidi. 2015. Effect of the planting interval and tuber weight on yield and yield components of tuber seeds on potato, Savalan cultivar. Iranian Journal of Crop Researches. 13(1): 165-172. (In Persian).
Carman, A.S. 1986. Rapid high-performance chromatographic determination of the potato glycoalkaloids alpha-solanin and alpha-chaconine. Journal of Agricultural Food and Chemistry. 34(2): 279-282.
Cottrell, J.E., C.M. Duffus, L. Paterson, and G.R. Mackay. 1995. Properties of potato starch: effect of genotype and growing conditions. Phytochemistry. 40(4): 1057-1064.
Ekelof, J. 2007. Potato yield and tuber set as affected by phosphorus fertilization. Saint Louis University Master project in the Horticultural Science Program. 2:1-38.
Ghobadi, M., S. Jahanbin, R. Motallebi Fard, and K. Parvizi. 2011. Effect of phosphate biological fertilizers on yield and yield components of potato. Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production. 1(2): 35-52. (In Persian).
Ghosh, P.K., P. Ramesh, K.K. Bandyopadhay, A.K. Tripathi, K.M. Hati, and A.K. Misra. 2004. Comparative effectiveness of cattle manure, poultry manure, phosphocompost and fertilizer-NPK on three cropping systems in vertisoils of semi-arid tropics. I. Crop yields and systems in performance. Bioresource Technology. 95: 77-83.
Glinushkin, A.P., and M.A. Sokolov. 2017. The role of soil humus in adapting the agricultural sphere to Earth’s climate change. Russian Journal of Plant Physiology. 2(9): 15–20.
Haddad, M., N.M. Bani-Hani, J.A. Al-Tabbaland, and A.H. Al-Fraihat. 2016. Effect of different potassium nitrate levels on yield and quality of potato tubers. Journal of Food, Agriculture and Environment. 14(1): 101-107.
Hamzehei, R., V.A. Davtyan, M.E. Ghobadi, KH. Parvizi, and A. Ghadami-Firoozabadi. 2017. Effect of deficit irrigation on some physiological characteristics and yield in two potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) cultivars. Plant Production Technologies. 17(2): 15-26. (In Persian).
Hejazi, A., M. Shahwerdi, and J. Ardphoroush. 2004. Hand book of reference methods for plant analysis. University Tehran Press. (In Persian).
Kaafi, M., A. Oskueian, A. Oskueian, and J. Shabahang. 2019. Study the effect of biological fertilizers on quality, yield and yield components of two potato varieties. Agricultural Science and Sustainable Production. 9(2): 65-84. (In Persian).
Khalid, A., A.M. Muhammad, and Z.A. Zahir. 2004. Screening plant growth promoting rhizobacteria for improving growth and yield of wheat. Journal of Applied Microbiology. 96: 473–480.
Kholdbarin, B., and T. Eslam Kadeh. 2001. Mineral nutrition of higher plants. Shiraz University Press. 945 pp. (In Persian).
Kumar, M., L.K. Baishya, D.C. Ghosh, and V.K. Gupta. 2011. Yield and quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum) tubers as influenced by nutrient sources under rainfed condition of Meghalaya. Indian Journal of Agronomy. 56(3): 260–266.
Mahmoud, A.R., and M.M. Hafez. 2010. Increasing productivity of potato plants (Solanum tuberosum L.) by using potassium fertilizer and humic acid application. International Journal of Academic Research. 2: 83-88.
Mittal, V., O. Sigh, H. Nayyar, G. Kaur, and R. Tewari. 2008. Stimulatory effect of phosphate-solubilizing fungal strains (Aspergillus Awarvori and Pencillum Citrinum) on the yield of chickpea Cicer Arictinum L. Cv. Gpfz). Soil Biology and Biochemistry. 40: 718-727.
Nogales, R., C. Cifuentes, and E. Benitez. 2005. Vermicomposting of winery wastes: a laboratory study. Journal of Environmental Science and Health. Part B. 40(4): 659–673.
Pandit, A., D.K. Dwivedi, A.K. Choubey, P.K. Bhargaw, and R.K. Raj. 2018. Effect of integrated nutrient management on yield of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.). Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemistry. 7(6): 797-800.
Rosen, C., M. Mcnearney, and P. Bierman. 2010. Evaluation of specialty phosphorus fertilizer sources for potato. Northern Plains Potato Growers Association Research Reporting Meeting, Minnesota, USA.
Sayed, F.E., A.H. Hassan, and M. Mohamed. 2019. Impact of bio and organic fertilizers on potato yield, quality and tuber weight loss after harvest. Potato Research. 58: 67- 81.
Schoebitz, M., M.D. Lopez, H. Serri, O. Martinez, and E. Zagal. 2016. Combined application of microbial consortium and humic substances to improve the growth performance of blueberry seedlings. Journal of Soil Science and Plant Nutrition. 16: 1010-1023.
Sikder, R.K., M.M. Rahman, S.M. Washim Bari, and H. Mehraj. 2017. Effect of organic fertilizers on the performance of seed potato. Tropical Plant Research. 4(1): 104–108.
Smith, J., A. Abegaz, R.B. Matthews, M. Subedi, E.R. Orskov, V. Tumwesige, and P. Smith. 2014. What is the potential for biogas digesters to improve soil fertility and crop production in Sub-Saharan Africa? Biomass and Bioenergy. 70: 58–72.
Sparks, D.L., A.L. Page, P.A. Helmke, and R.H. Leoppert. 1996. Methods of soil analysis. Part 3: Chemical Methods (D.L. Sparks, A.L. Page, P.A. Helmke, and R.H. Loeppert, Eds.). Madison, WI: Soil Science Society of America, American Society of Agronomy.
Suh, H.Y., K.S. Yoo, and S.G. Suh. 2014. Tuber growth and quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) as affected by foliar or soil application of fulvic and humic acids. Horticulture, Environment, and Biotechnology. 55: 183-189.
Walkley, A., and I.A. Black. 1934. An examination of the method for determining soil organic matter and proposed modification of the chromic acid titration method. Soil Science. 37(1): 29-38.
Wang, Y., L.B. Snodgrass, P.C. Bethke, A.J. Bussan, D.G. Holm, R.G. Novy, and V. Sathuvalli. 2017. Reliability of measurement and genotype×environment interaction for potato specific gravity. Crop Science. 57(4): 1966-1972.
Yan, L., F. Feng, W. Jianlin, W. Xiaobin, C. Rongzong, L. Gousheng, Z. Fuli, and T. Deshui 2019. Humic acid fertilization improved soil properties and soil microbial diversity of continuous cropping peanut: A Three-year experiment. Scientific reports. 9(12014): Published: 19 August 2019.
Zaman, A., A. Sarkar, S. Sarkar, and W.P. Devi. 2011. Effect of organic and inorganic sources of nutrients on productivity, specific gravity and processing quality of potato (Solanum tuberosum). Indian Journal of Agricultural Sciences. 81(12): 1137–1142.
Zhevora, S.V., L.S. Fedotova, N.A. Timoshina, E.V. Knyazeva, and A.E. Shabanov. 2019. The effect of microbial preparations on biological activity of the soil and yielding ability and quality of potato. Russian Agricultural Sciences. 45(5): 443–448.
