Effect of Eight Weeks of Combined aerobic-resistance Training on Sleep Quality, Prolactin Hormone, and Growth Hormone, of Overweight and obese adolescent girls
محورهای موضوعی : Journal of Physical Activity and Hormones
زهره نیکجو
1
(کارشناسی ارشد، فیزیولوژی ورزش، گروه تربیت بدنی و علوم ورزشی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، واحد رشت، دانشگاه آزاد اسلامی، ایران.)
mona Mehdizadeh Haghighi
2
(Ph.D. Candidate, Exercise Physiology, Department of Physical Education and Sports Science, Rasht Branch, Islamic Azad University, Rasht, Iran)
آناهیتا شعبانی
3
(پزشک عمومی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گیلان، رشت، ایران.)
Nasibeh Ezeddin
4
(Department of physical Education and sport sciences,Rasht Branch,Islamic Azad University,Rasht,Iran)
مهتاب دهقان زاده
5
(بیمارستان 17 شهریور، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گیلان، رشت)
کلید واژه: sleep quality, prolactin hormone, growth hormone, combined training (aerobic-resistance),
چکیده مقاله :
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of eight weeks of combined training (aerobic-resistance) on sleep quality, prolactin hormone and growth hormone, of overweight and obese adolescent girls. Research method: The current research was of a semi-experimental type. In this study, 30 overweight and obese adolescent girls were randomly divided into two experimental groups of 15 people (average age: 16.33 ± 0.97 years; body mass index: 26 30.48±3 kg/m2) and the control group (mean age: 16.53±1.18 years; body mass index: 30.48±3.26 kg/m2) were divided. Eight weeks experimental group they performed progressive aerobic-resistance exercises three sessions a week. Each session consists of 10 minutes of warming up, 5 minutes of cooling down, 30 minutes of aerobic exercise with an intensity of 60-80% of the maximum heart rate and 45 minutes of resistance exercise with an intensity of 50-70%. Repetition was the maximum. Before and after eight weeks of training, sleep quality, anxiety level and prolactin and growth hormones were measured. Statistical information was obtained by one-way ANCOVA and Yeoman-Whitney tests through spss software. 22 cases were analyzed. A significance level of p0.05). Conclusion: A combined training course (aerobic-resistance) probably improves the quality of sleep of overweight and obese students and has no effect on prolactin and growth hormone levels Keyword: sleep quality, prolactin hormone, growth hormone, combined training (aerobic-resistance).
Purpose: The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of eight weeks of combined training (aerobic-resistance) on sleep quality, prolactin hormone and growth hormone, of overweight and obese adolescent girls. Research method: The current research was of a semi-experimental type. In this study, 30 overweight and obese adolescent girls were randomly divided into two experimental groups of 15 people (average age: 16.33 ± 0.97 years; body mass index: 26 30.48±3 kg/m2) and the control group (mean age: 16.53±1.18 years; body mass index: 30.48±3.26 kg/m2) were divided. Eight weeks experimental group they performed progressive aerobic-resistance exercises three sessions a week. Each session consists of 10 minutes of warming up, 5 minutes of cooling down, 30 minutes of aerobic exercise with an intensity of 60-80% of the maximum heart rate and 45 minutes of resistance exercise with an intensity of 50-70%. Repetition was the maximum. Before and after eight weeks of training, sleep quality, anxiety level and prolactin and growth hormones were measured. Statistical information was obtained by one-way ANCOVA and Yeoman-Whitney tests through spss software. 22 cases were analyzed. A significance level of p0.05). Conclusion: A combined training course (aerobic-resistance) probably improves the quality of sleep of overweight and obese students and has no effect on prolactin and growth hormone levels Keyword: sleep quality, prolactin hormone, growth hormone, combined training (aerobic-resistance).
1. Bentham J, Di Cesare M, BIlano V, Boddy LM. Worldwide trends in children's and adolescents' body mass index, underweight and obesity, in comparison with adults, from 1975 to 2016: a pooled analysis of 2,416 population-based measurement studies with 128.9 million participants. Lancet. 2017.
2. Kumar S, Kelly AS, editors. Review of childhood obesity: from epidemiology, etiology, and comorbidities to clinical assessment and treatment. Mayo Clinic Proceedings; 2017: Elsevier.
3. Ogden CL, Carroll MD, Kit BK, Flegal KM. Prevalence of childhood and adult obesity in the United States, 2011-2012. Jama. 2014;311(8):806-14.
4. Guthold R, Stevens GA, Riley LM, Bull FC. Global trends in insufficient physical activity among adolescents: a pooled analysis of 298 population-based surveys with 1· 6 million participants. The Lancet Child & Adolescent Health. 2020;4(1):23-35.
5. Chaput J-P, Dutil C. Lack of sleep as a contributor to obesity in adolescents: impacts on eating and activity behaviors. International Journal of Behavioral Nutrition and Physical Activity. 2016;13:1-9.
6. Krueger JM, Frank MG, Wisor JP, Roy S. Sleep function: Toward elucidating an enigma. Sleep medicine reviews. 2016;28:46-54.
7. Dashti HS, Jones SE, Wood AR, Lane JM, Van Hees VT, Wang H, et al. Genome-wide association study identifies genetic loci for self-reported habitual sleep duration supported by accelerometer-derived estimates. Nature communications. 2019;10(1):1100.
8. Cooper CB, Neufeld EV, Dolezal BA, Martin JL. Sleep deprivation and obesity in adults: a brief narrative review. BMJ Open Sport—Exercise Medicine. 2018;4(1).
9. Crocq M-A. The history of generalized anxiety disorder as a diagnostic category. Dialogues in clinical neuroscience. 2017;19(2):107-16.
10. Stein MB, Sareen J. Generalized anxiety disorder. New England Journal of Medicine. 2015;373(21):2059-68.
11. Roberge P, Normand-Lauzière F, Raymond I, Luc M, Tanguay-Bernard M-M, Duhoux A, et al. Generalized anxiety disorder in primary care: mental health services use and treatment adequacy. BMC family practice. 2015;16(1):1-11.
12. Alrousan G, Hassan A, Pillai AA, Atrooz F, Salim S. Early life sleep deprivation and brain development: Insights from human and animal studies. Frontiers in Neuroscience. 2022;16:833786.
13. Lanzi R, Tannenbaum GS. Time course and mechanism of growth hormone's negative feedback effect on its own spontaneous release. Endocrinology. 1992;130(2):780-8.
14. Vahl N, Jorgensen J, Skjærbæk C, Veldhuis JD, Orskov H, Christiansen JS. Abdominal adiposity rather than age and sex predicts mass and regularity of GH secretion in healthy adults. American Journal of Physiology-Endocrinology and Metabolism. 1997;272(6):E1108-E16.
15. Kanaley J, Weatherup-Dentes M, Jaynes E, Hartman M. Obesity attenuates the growth hormone response to exercise. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 1999;84(9):3156-61.
16. Torner L. Actions of prolactin in the brain: from physiological adaptations to stress and neurogenesis to psychopathology. Frontiers in endocrinology. 2016;7:25.
17. Kraemer WJ, Rogol AD. The endocrine system in sports and exercise: John Wiley & Sons; 2008.
18. Delgado-Alvarado M, Tordesillas-Gutierrez D, Ayesa-Arriola R, Canal M, de la Foz VO-G, Labad J, et al. Plasma prolactin levels are associated with the severity of illness in drug-naive first-episode psychosis female patients. Archives of women's mental health. 2019;22:367-73.
19. Gupta S, Mukherjee A, Biswas S, Bose S, Nath S, Das HN. Evaluation of endocrine parameters as predictor of major depressive disorder. Indian journal of psychological medicine. 2017;39(6):766-9.
20. Dhar AK, Barton DA. Depression and the link with cardiovascular disease. Frontiers in psychiatry. 2016;7:33.
21. Labad J, Stojanovic-Pérez A, Montalvo I, Solé M, Cabezas Á, Ortega L, et al. Stress biomarkers as predictors of transition to psychosis in at-risk mental states: roles for cortisol, prolactin and albumin. Journal of psychiatric research. 2015;60:163-9.
22. Ojike N, Sowers JR, Seixas A, Ravenell J, Rodriguez-Figueroa G, Awadallah M, et al. Psychological distress and hypertension: results from the National Health Interview Survey for 2004-2013. Cardiorenal medicine. 2016;6(3):198-208.
23. Nabi H, Hall M, Koskenvuo M, Singh-Manoux A, Oksanen T, Suominen S, et al. Psychological and somatic symptoms of anxiety and risk of coronary heart disease: the health and social support prospective cohort study. Biological psychiatry. 2010;67(4):378-85.
24. Yan L, Wei Ja, Yang F, Wang M, Wang S, Cheng T, et al. Physical Exercise Prevented Stress‐Induced Anxiety via Improving Brain RNA Methylation. Advanced Science. 2022;9(24):2105731.
25. Mattson MP. Energy intake and exercise as determinants of brain health and vulnerability to injury and disease. Cell metabolism. 2012;16(6):706-22.
26. Hu S, Li X, Yang L. Effects of physical activity in child and adolescent depression and anxiety: role of inflammatory cytokines and stress-related peptide hormones. Frontiers in Neuroscience. 2023;17.
27. Cadegiani FA, Kater CE. Hormonal response to a non-exercise stress test in athletes with overtraining syndrome: Results from the endocrine and metabolic responses on Overtraining syndrome (EROS)—EROS-STRESS. Journal of Science and Medicine in Sport. 2018;21(7):648-53.
28. Bettio LE, Thacker JS, Rodgers SP, Brocardo PS, Christie BR, Gil-Mohapel J. Interplay between hormones and exercise on hippocampal plasticity across the lifespan. Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA)-Molecular Basis of Disease. 2020;1866(8):165821.
29. Richmond E, Rogol AD. Endocrine responses to exercise in the developing child and adolescent. Sports Endocrinology. 2016;47:58-67.
30. Marin G, Domene H, Barnes KM, Blackwell B, Cassorla F, Cutler Jr G. The effects of estrogen priming and puberty on the growth hormone response to standardized treadmill exercise and arginine-insulin in normal girls and boys. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 1994;79(2):537-41.
31. Pomerants T, Tillmann V, Karelson K, Jürimäe J, Jürimäe T. Impact of acute exercise on bone turnover and growth hormone/insulin-like growth factor axis in boys. Journal of sports medicine and physical fitness. 2008;48(2):266.
32. Rejeki PS, Pranoto A, Rahmanto I, Izzatunnisa N, Yosika GF, Hernaningsih Y, et al. The Positive Effect of Four-Week Combined Aerobic–Resistance Training on Body Composition and Adipokine Levels in Obese Females. Sports. 2023;11(4):90.
33. Alves J, Saavedra F, Simão R, Novaes J, Rhea MR, Green D, et al. Does aerobic and strength exercise sequence in the same session affect the oxygen uptake during and postexercise? The Journal of Strength & Conditioning Research. 2012;26(7):1872-8.
34. Athanasiou N, Bogdanis GC, Mastorakos G. Endocrine responses of the stress system to different types of exercise. Reviews in Endocrine and Metabolic Disorders. 2023;24(2):251-66.
35. Casazza K, Hanks LJ, Alvarez JA. Role of various cytokines and growth factors in pubertal development. Cytokines, Growth Mediators and Physical Activity in Children during Puberty. 2010;55:14-31.
36. Godfrey RJ, Madgwick Z, Whyte GP. The exercise-induced growth hormone response in athletes. Sports medicine. 2003;33:599-613.
37. Socratis K, Kostas D, Athanasios D, Eleni D, Dimitrios K. The Influence of Physical Training on Blood Levels of Human Growth Hormone, Testosterone and Procollagen in Young Rowers. International Journal of Kinesiology and Sports Science. 2016;4(3):63-9.
38. Yamaner F, Kamuk YU, Bayraktaroglu T, Karacabey K, Gumus M, Akalin TC. The effects of intensive training on selected sex hormones in young wrestlers. The Anthropologist. 2015;20(3):773-9.
39. Eliakim A, Nemet D, Zaldivar F, McMurray RG, Culler FL, Galassetti P, et al. Reduced exercise-associated response of the GH-IGF-I axis and catecholamines in obese children and adolescents. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2006;100(5):1630-7.
40. Ounis OB, Elloumi M, Zouhal H, Makni E, Lac G, Tabka Z, et al., editors. Effect of an individualized physical training program on resting cortisol and growth hormone levels and fat oxidation during exercise in obese children. Annales d'endocrinologie; 2011: Elsevier.
41. Nouri Y, Mirzaie B, Arazi H. The Effect of Resistance and Endurance Training on Resting Metabolic Rate and Body Composition in Sedentary Males. Journal of Zanjan University of Medical Sciences & Health Services. 2013;21(89).
42. Rafiei MM, Shavandi N, Saremi A, Shavandi A. Comparison the effects of 6 weeks of resistance training and concurrent training on aerobic power and resting levels of growth hormone and cortisol in healthy children. Journal of Arak University of Medical Sciences. 2014;17(4):38-46.
43. Draper P, Whyte G. Anaerobic performance testing. 1997.
44. Hackney AC, Saeidi A. The thyroid axis, prolactin, and exercise in humans. Current opinion in endocrine and metabolic research. 2019;9:45-50.
45. Hackney AC, Davis HC, Lane AR. Exercise augments the nocturnal prolactin rise in exercise-trained men. Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism. 2015;6(5):217-22.
46. Mahmoud Alilou M, Khanjani Z, Bayat A. Prediction of anxiety-related emotional disorders in adolescences based on emotion regulation, coping strategies and symptoms borderline personality disorder. Clinical Psychology Studies. 2017;7(25):107-28.
47. Van Cauter E, Leproult R, Plat L. Age-related changes in slow wave sleep and REM sleep and relationship with growth hormone and cortisol levels in healthy men. Jama. 2000;284(7):861-8.
48. Veldhuis J, Liem A, South S, Weltman A, Weltman J, Clemmons D, et al. Differential impact of age, sex steroid hormones, and obesity on basal versus pulsatile growth hormone secretion in men as assessed in an ultrasensitive chemiluminescence assay. The Journal of Clinical Endocrinology & Metabolism. 1995;80(11):3209-22.
49. Chen L-J, Fox KR, Ku P-W, Chang Y-W. Effects of aquatic exercise on sleep in older adults with mild sleep impairment: a randomized controlled trial. International journal of behavioral medicine. 2016;23:501-6.
50. Oliver SR, Rosa JS, Minh TD, Pontello AM, Flores RL, Barnett M, et al. Dose-dependent relationship between severity of pediatric obesity and blunting of the growth hormone response to exercise. Journal of Applied Physiology. 2010;108(1):21-7.
51. Gough L, Castell LM, Gatti R, Godfrey RJ. Growth hormone concentrations in different body fluids before and after moderate exercise. Sports Medicine-Open. 2016;2:1-6.
52. Gupta N, Goel K, Shah P, Misra A. Childhood obesity in developing countries: epidemiology, determinants, and prevention. Endocrine reviews. 2012;33(1):48-70.
53. Rojas Vega S, Hollmann W, Strüder HK. Influences of exercise and training on the circulating concentration of prolactin in humans. Journal of neuroendocrinology. 2012;24(3):395-402.
54. Ohara E, Tokuyama H, Kitamoto T, Kitahara A, Hayashi A, Hayashi H, et al. Laparoscopic sleeve gastrectomy resolves low GHRP-2-stimulated growth hormone levels in obese patients. Obesity Surgery. 2017;27:2214-7.
55. Amirsasan R, Sari-Saraf, Vahid, Pourgholi, Tahereh , Armanfar, Mostafa. Comparing the effects of combined endurance-resistance training versus resistance-endurance on growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I in non-athlete prepubertal girls. Feyz, Journal of Kashan University of Medical Sciences. 2015;19(3):214-22.
56. Shamsaei F, Cheraghi F. Co morbidity of Sleep Disorder and General Health in the General Population of Hamadan. Avicenna Journal of Nursing and Midwifery Care. 2012;20(2):40-50.
57. Fernandez-Mendoza J, Calhoun SL, Vgontzas AN, Li Y, Gaines J, Liao D, et al. Insomnia phenotypes based on objective sleep duration in adolescents: depression risk and differential behavioral profiles. Brain sciences. 2016;6(4):59.
58. Bagheri H, Shahabi Z, Ebrahimi H, Alaeenejad F. The association between quality of sleep and health-related quality of life in nurses. Hayat. 2007;12(4):13-20.
