Journal of Novel Researches on Plant Protection: 1 (1)

Open Access Article

1 - Biology of Heart moth, Dicycla oo in the Fars province (Iran)
Seyed Asghar ALEHOSEIN Seyed Hasan SAADATI Hasan ALEMANSOUR

The Heart moth, Dicycla oo (L.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), attacked a part of oak forests in Fars province of Iran in recent years. The larvae severely feed on buds and sprouts and cause the tree to be defoliated from leaves. The pest biological characteristic was studie More

The Heart moth, Dicycla oo (L.) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), attacked a part of oak forests in Fars province of Iran in recent years. The larvae severely feed on buds and sprouts and cause the tree to be defoliated from leaves. The pest biological characteristic was studied in the Moordak region of the Kazeroon district during 2004-2007. The results showed that the pest had only one generation in a year. The life of the pest in egg stage was spent beneath the egg scales which had the same color to the oak barks in a part of spring, whole summer and winter. The neonate larvae appeared on the swelling buds from the first half of the March. The duration of embryonic period, larval stages, pre-pupae, pupae and adult longevity took long (320±8.37), (25±2.12), (3±0.34), (8±0.84), and (10±0.71) days respectively. The sex ratio was estimated 1:1 in laboratory and field conditions. The male and female adult longevity was determined 7 and 9 days, respectively. The first moths appeared in the late of April. The peak of moth’s flight occurred on 30th April to 9th May. The morphological characteristics including oviposition rate, body dimensions, head capsule width, pupae body dimensions, and adults were measured. The Male and female moths after forming was sent to Dr. Michael Fibiger in Denmark for confirmed of genus and species. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Effect of Intercropping of Certain winter Crop Plants on the Population Levels of Jasmine Whitefly Aleuroclava jasmini (Hemiptera:Aleyrodidae) in Dezful's Citrus Orchards
Marziyeh Behmanesh far Bijan HATAMI Saeid BAGHERI

In recent years Jasmine whitefly Aleuroclava jasmini(Takahashi,1932), has caused severe damage to the citrus orchards of Khuzestan province. In order to evaluate the effect of intercropping on population of Jasmine whitefly, a field trial (T1) with six treatments includ More

In recent years Jasmine whitefly Aleuroclava jasmini(Takahashi,1932), has caused severe damage to the citrus orchards of Khuzestan province. In order to evaluate the effect of intercropping on population of Jasmine whitefly, a field trial (T1) with six treatments include four treatments intercropping of Broad beans (Vicia faba L.), Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris L.), White clover (Trifolium repens L.) and Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.), and two treatments control of without weeds (C1) and with weeds (C2) in an orchard of Valencia oranges in a completely randomized design with five replications was carried out from September 2013 until July 2014. Each plot consisted of 20 trees that five trees per plot (five repetitions) were selected and 12 leaf samples were taken randomly from each tree. The results showed that in six times sampling in spring, among intercropping treatments, the whitefly's egg and nymph population had significant differences in the levels of 0.05 and 0.01, respectively. The minimum egg population was in the treatments of C1=13.88±0/12( statistical group b), cucumbers 17.82±0/06( statistical group ab), and Broad beans 19.14±0/06( statistical group ab) which had significant differences with other treatments. The minimum nymph population was in the treatments of C1=6.5±0/07(statistical group d), Broad beans 9.21±0/08( statistical group c), and cucumber 10.13±0/07(statistical group bc) which had significant differences with other treatments. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Evaluate the efficiency of commercial formulation of deltamethrin (EC and SC) against Sunn pest (Eurygaster integriceps Puton)
Hassan Javadi pouya Aziz SHEIKHI GARJAN Sohrab IMANI

Sunn is one of the major pests of wheat in the fertile age in most provinces there in wheat and barley and wheat affect their enormous losses annually. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of commercial formulation of deltamethrin (two forms of EC and SC More

Sunn is one of the major pests of wheat in the fertile age in most provinces there in wheat and barley and wheat affect their enormous losses annually. The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of commercial formulation of deltamethrin (two forms of EC and SC) production in the Age of wheat. 10 business deltamethrin was prepared from 9 manufacturers. An experiment with 12 treatments and four replications in a tropical area (Buin Zahra) and cold (Koohin) in a randomized complete block design. Treatments consisted of 9 2/5 % EC deltamethrin formulations at concentrations of 300 ml per hectare of companies PR, GL, MS, BY, GA, SM, BH, AY, KV and a type of deltamethrin formulations 2/5 % SC with two concentrations of 400 and 300 ml per hectare of KV, against age and nymphs were used on infected farms wheat. Field experiments to compare the performance of different insecticides on the age of the mother in a tropical area showed that all treatments had acceptable performance but there is a significant difference between treatments (0/0001 >P). Most losses in terms of performance on the age of the mother at 5 and 10 days after treatment (91/32 and 78/35 percent, respectively) and lowest impact on the Company KV times cited, related to the GAE. Test results also insecticides on nymphs of Sunn pest in tropical and cold at 5 and 10 days after treatment showed The percentage performance of all treatments at 10 days after treatment every 2 area is more than 5 days after spraying and the percentage of SC in the third stage of formulation performance is higher than the EC formulation. In between treatments KV in the third stage had the highest percentage of efficiency. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Pupal hymenopterous parasitoids of Acanthiophilus helianthi (Diptera: Tephritidae) in Kohgiluyeh Safflower farms
Karim SAEIDI

Safflower capsule fly, Acanthiophilus helianthi Rossi (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a key pest of safflower in Kohgiloyeh (Southwest, Iran). It is mainly controlled through application of broad-spectrum insecticides, which can adversely affect safflower farms ecosystem and More

Safflower capsule fly, Acanthiophilus helianthi Rossi (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a key pest of safflower in Kohgiloyeh (Southwest, Iran). It is mainly controlled through application of broad-spectrum insecticides, which can adversely affect safflower farms ecosystem and consequently human health. Since a first step in setting up an IPM program is to assess the biological control agents within the ecosystem, so in this research work the pupal parasitoid complex of Safflower Capsule Fly (SCF) on safflower was identified, and its natural potential in controlling the pest compared for different generations and in different locations in Kohgiloyeh during 2010-2011. Adults of the pupal parasitoids of SCF were recorded from laboratory-reared pupae, which had been collected on damaged small flower heads of the first generation and large flower heads of the second and the third generations. Rate (%) of parasitism on A. helianthi pupae was estimated as the number of parasitoids over the total count of parasitoids and flies. Ten pupal parasitoids of the host were found:  Bracon hebetor, Bracon luteator, (Braconidae); Isocolus tinctorious (Cynipidae); Pronotalia carlinarum (Eulophidae); Eurytoma acroptilae (Eurytomidae); Ormyrus orientalis (Ormyridae); Colotrechnus viridis, Pteromalus sp. (Pteromalidae) and Adontomerus crassipes, Microdontomenus annulatus (Torymidae). Total parasitism varied from 1 to 16.8%, with an average of 7.7% as revealed through the present study. A comparison of the means of the pupal parasitism rate showed a significant difference at 5% level between different generations and localities. The highest rate of parasitism occurred in the first generation in all localities, as well as in years. Safflower capsule fly, Acanthiophilus helianthi Rossi (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a key pest of safflower in Kohgiloyeh (Southwest, Iran). It is mainly controlled through application of broad-spectrum insecticides, which can adversely affect safflower farms ecosystem and consequently human health. Since a first step in setting up an IPM program is to assess the biological control agents within the ecosystem, so in this research work the pupal parasitoid complex of Safflower Capsule Fly (SCF) on safflower was identified, and its natural potential in controlling the pest compared for different generations and in different locations in Kohgiloyeh during 2010-2011. Adults of the pupal parasitoids of SCF were recorded from laboratory-reared pupae, which had been collected on damaged small flower heads of the first generation and large flower heads of the second and the third generations. Rate (%) of parasitism on A. helianthi pupae was estimated as the number of parasitoids over the total count of parasitoids and flies. Ten pupal parasitoids of the host were found:  Bracon hebetor, Bracon luteator, (Braconidae); Isocolus tinctorious (Cynipidae); Pronotalia carlinarum (Eulophidae); Eurytoma acroptilae (Eurytomidae); Ormyrus orientalis (Ormyridae); Colotrechnus viridis, Pteromalus sp. (Pteromalidae) and Adontomerus crassipes, Microdontomenus annulatus (Torymidae). Total parasitism varied from 1 to 16.8%, with an average of 7.7% as revealed through the present study. A comparison of the means of the pupal parasitism rate showed a significant difference at 5% level between different generations and localities. The highest rate of parasitism occurred in the first generation in all localities, as well as in years. Safflower capsule fly, Acanthiophilus helianthi Rossi (Diptera: Tephritidae) is a key pest of safflower in Kohgiloyeh (Southwest, Iran). It is mainly controlled through application of broad-spectrum insecticides, which can adversely affect safflower farms ecosystem and consequently human health. Since a first step in setting up an IPM program is to assess the biological control agents within the ecosystem, so in this research work the pupal parasitoid complex of Safflower Capsule Fly (SCF) on safflower was identified, and its natural potential in controlling the pest compared for different generations and in different locations in Kohgiloyeh during 2010-2011. Adults of the pupal parasitoids of SCF were recorded from laboratory-reared pupae, which had been collected on damaged small flower heads of the first generation and large flower heads of the second and the third generations. Rate (%) of parasitism on A. helianthi pupae was estimated as the number of parasitoids over the total count of parasitoids and flies. Ten pupal parasitoids of the host were found:  Bracon hebetor, Bracon luteator, (Braconidae); Isocolus tinctorious (Cynipidae); Pronotalia carlinarum (Eulophidae); Eurytoma acroptilae (Eurytomidae); Ormyrus orientalis (Ormyridae); Colotrechnus viridis, Pteromalus sp. (Pteromalidae) and Adontomerus crassipes, Microdontomenus annulatus (Torymidae). Total parasitism varied from 1 to 16.8%, with an average of 7.7% as revealed through the present study. A comparison of the means of the pupal parasitism rate showed a significant difference at 5% level between different generations and localities. The highest rate of parasitism occurred in the first generation in all localities, as well as in years.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Evaluation of some factors on the efficiency of Sesamia cretica (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae) pheromone traps in Fars province, Iran
Mojgan GHAHRAMANI majid fallahzadeh Mehrdad TABRIZIAN

The corn stem borer, Sesamia cretica Lederer, 1857 (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), is one of the main pest of maize, sorghum, sugarcane, and cereals in Iran, Mediterranean area, Middle East and Arabia to Pakistan, northern India and northern Africa. Effect of design of the tr More

The corn stem borer, Sesamia cretica Lederer, 1857 (Lepidoptera, Noctuidae), is one of the main pest of maize, sorghum, sugarcane, and cereals in Iran, Mediterranean area, Middle East and Arabia to Pakistan, northern India and northern Africa. Effect of design of the trap, dosage of pheromone component in rubber capsule and trap height on the efficiency of Sesamia cretica pheromone traps were evaluated. The study was conducted in Runiz (Eestahban) of Fars province. A Randomized Complete Block Design used with four blocks and four replications in each block. To determine the best suitable trap design, three pheromone traps, Delta, Funnel trap and Wing shape, were tested. Three different heights, half, one and two meters from the ground were tested on order to determine the role of the trap height on the efficiency of traps. The doses of 0.5, 1 and 2 mg doses of the pheromones formulated in Iranian Research Institute of Plant Protection (IRIPP) compared with a foreign rubber capsule (1 mg). Data were analyzed by using of SAS statistical software and mean of treatments were grouped and compared by Duncan’s Multiple Range Test (DMRT). Delta and Funnel trap with highest moth catches were superior in comparison with wing shape trap design (P<0.01). Trap height to attract pests were not significant (P<0.01). The results of the test revealed that the 1 and 2 mg doses of the pheromones formulated in IRIPP and foreign rubber capsule (1 mg) were superior and had more catch  but these doses were not significantly different (P<0.01). Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Identification of causing pathogens and associate of wheat root and crown rots in Gorgan regional
Mohammad Ali DEHGHAN Shahpour EBRAHIMI NEJAD hossein barari

The causes root rot of wheat are different in different regions. Because of disease symptoms appear late, concealment of farmers and experts sight, exert enormous damage to the product. In this study, for three consecutive years (2009-2011) from infected plants in wheat More

The causes root rot of wheat are different in different regions. Because of disease symptoms appear late, concealment of farmers and experts sight, exert enormous damage to the product. In this study, for three consecutive years (2009-2011) from infected plants in wheat Fields Gorgan area, at different growth stages were randomly sampled the distance of each 2 km. The samples were transported to the laboratory and the separation and purification of fungi was performed on WA, PDA and special culture media. The fungus was identified based on their morphological characteristics. After identification, pathogenicity of the isolates tested was done in a test tube with seedling test methods and test plants in plastic pots in the greenhouse. All data to determine the frequency and dominant isolates were stored in the refrigerator. Finally 16 species, including 12 species of fungi Fusarium spp. with 4 fungi included Bipolaris sorokiniana, Gaeumannomyces gamines, Alternaria tineus and solaniRhizoctonia were isolated with different frequency from the infected root and crown of wheat in this region. The determine of isolates frequency in different years, Fusarium culmorum، F. graminearum، F. pseudograminearum and Bipolaris sorokiniana fungi were introduced with the highest percent frequency as the dominant fungi in the infect wheat roots and crowns rot in different regions of Golestan province. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - The effects of crop density and post-emergence herbicides usage on grain yield and yield components of broomcorn (Sorghum vulgare var. technicum)
Hamed RAEISI SHIVYARI Jahanfar DANESHIN Mohammad Ali BAGHESTANI Soleiman JAMSHIDI

To evaluate the effect of crop density and post-emergence herbicides usage on grain yield in broomcorn, an experiment was carried out in 2011 based on randomized complete block design in factorial with three replications in Miyaneh region. The treatments were crop densi More

To evaluate the effect of crop density and post-emergence herbicides usage on grain yield in broomcorn, an experiment was carried out in 2011 based on randomized complete block design in factorial with three replications in Miyaneh region. The treatments were crop density of 17, 24 and 31 plant/m2 and herbicides including 2,4-D+MCPA and bromoxynil+MCPA with recommended, 20 and 40% reduced doses along with hand weeding. Results showed that increasing density leaded to higher racemes numbers and floret number per m2, grain number in racemes. The higher values of studied traits were obtained in density of 31 plant/m2, such as 1541.7 of racemes, 179.92 of florets and 18.132 of grain.Hand weeding had superior effect on traits compared to other treatments but in some cases herbicide treatments were placed in the same group with it.Yield and harvest indexwithdensity increased, significantly.The highest increasing in yield was obtained in grain density of 31 plant/m2 with 59.23%. Also,application of 2,4-D+MCPA and bromoxynil+MCPA with recommended doses, leaded to increasing of 52.05 and 40.62% of grain yield. Manuscript profile

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