Number 1 Volume 4

Open Access Article

1 - The effect of endurance and resistance training on the expression of myostatin and follistatin genes in the biceps muscle of aged male rats.
Mahtab Moazzami Nasrin Nobahari

Background and purpose: Aging is a natural process in human life. Sarcopenia is a gradual decrease in muscle mass and function that occurs with age. Materials and methods: In the present study, 30 male Wistar rats at the age of 18 weeks were randomly divided into thre More

Background and purpose: Aging is a natural process in human life. Sarcopenia is a gradual decrease in muscle mass and function that occurs with age. Materials and methods: In the present study, 30 male Wistar rats at the age of 18 weeks were randomly divided into three groups, endurance training, resistance training and control (each group contains 10 rats). became Then, endurance and strength training groups participated in their own training for 8 weeks and 5 sessions per week. Results: The results of analysis of variance showed that there is a significant difference between the values of myostatin gene and follistatin gene in endurance, resistance and control groups. Also, the results of Tukey's post hoc test showed that endurance and resistance exercises had a significant effect on reducing myostatin gene expression. Also, the results of this test showed the increase of folstatin gene in both endurance and resistance groups compared to the control group. Conclusion: The results of statistical tests showed a significant decrease in the expression of the myostatin gene and a significant increase in the expression of the follistatin gene in the endurance and strength training groups compared to the control group. Finally, the findings of this study showed that strength and endurance training can change the expression of genes involved in hypertrophy of the quadriceps muscle of aged male rats. And it seems that these types of exercises can be useful to reduce the complications of sarcopenia caused by aging. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Investigating the effect of eight weeks of endurance training on the serum levels of dipeptidyl peptidase-4, endurance performance and some anthropometric indices in obese women
Maryam Kamari مسعود رحمتی مهدی بوستانی

Introduction: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), is related to many metabolic diseases such as obesity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of endurance training on the serum level of DPP-4, endurance performance and some anthropometric i More

Introduction: Dipeptidyl peptidase-4 (DPP-4), is related to many metabolic diseases such as obesity. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of eight weeks of endurance training on the serum level of DPP-4, endurance performance and some anthropometric indicators in obese women. Materials and Methods: 23 inactive obese women aged 30 to 45 with a BMI of 30.5±5.37 who voluntarily and purposefully participated in the study. The subjects were randomly divided into two experimental groups (N=12) and control (N=11). First, pre-test measurements related to blood sample, height, weight, BMI, fat percentage, VO2max and waist to hip ratio of the subjects were performed. Then, the experimental group participated in 8 weeks of endurance training and the measurements of the post-test were recorded. MANCOVA test was used to check the significance of the difference between the groups. Results: The results showed that there is no significant difference between the research variables in the pre-test (p<0.05). MANCOVA showed that there was a significant decrease in weight (P=0.001), BMI (P=0.001), fat percentage (P=0.001) and DPP-4 (0.001) =P), and there is a significant increase in the amount of maximum oxygen consumption (P=0.038) after the end of the study in training group compared to the control group. Conclusion: It was found that eight weeks of endurance training reduces the serum level of DPP-4 and improves body composition and endurance performance in obese women. Therefore, it is suggested that obese women use these exercises to improve their health, body composition and increase their endurance capacity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - The effect of eight weeks of combined training on Copeptin levels and body fat percentage of obese women
Bahman Hasanvand

The effect of eight weeks of combined training on Copeptin levels and body fat percentage of obese women Abstract Introduction: Obesity is related to diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, liver disease, kidney failure, and various types of cance More

The effect of eight weeks of combined training on Copeptin levels and body fat percentage of obese women Abstract Introduction: Obesity is related to diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, type 2 diabetes, liver disease, kidney failure, and various types of cancer. The present study was conducted to investigate the effect of eight weeks of combined exercises on copeptin levels and body fat percentage of obese women. Materials and Methods: In this semi-experimental study, which was conducted with a pre-test-post-test design, 30 obese women (body mass index above 30 kg/m2) with an age range of 20 to 35 years were selected as available and in 2 groups of 15 people were combined and controlled. Blood samples were collected in two pre-test and post-test stages (after 8 weeks of training). The training protocol consisted of 2 weeks of combined exercises performed three sessions per week in two sections of rope training and resistance training with elastic. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance with repeated measures. Results: The results showed that combined exercise significantly increased the copeptin of obese women (P <0.001). Other results also showed that combined exercise significantly reduced the percentage of body fat in obese women (P <0.0001). Discussion and Conclusion: In general, the present results indicated that obese women by using combined exercises can probably prevent the inflammatory stress caused by sports activities and its subsequent consequences. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - The effectiveness of the stress reduction program based on mindfulness on pain indexs (pain acceptance and intensity) and adherence to treatment regimen in patients with chronic kidney failure
Behzad Behrouz

Purpose: This research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of the mindfulness-based stress reduction program on pain indexs(pain acceptance and intensity)and adherence to the treatment regimen in patients with chronic kidney failure. Material an More

Purpose: This research was conducted with the aim of determining the effectiveness of the mindfulness-based stress reduction program on pain indexs(pain acceptance and intensity)and adherence to the treatment regimen in patients with chronic kidney failure. Material and Methods: The research was semi-experimental with a pre-test and post-test design with two experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the study included all men with chronic kidney failure who referred to the kidney disease department of Shohada Hospital in Kermanshah in 2023 That 30 people were selected by targeted sampling method and replaced in two equal groups of 15 people. In order to collect information, the questionnaire of adherence to the treatment regimen(Seyed Fatemi et al., 2017),acceptance of pain(McCracken and Wells, 2004) and pain intensity questionnaire(McGill, 2009)were used. Data were analyzed by multivariate covariance analysis and SPSS-26 statistical software. Results: The results showed that the stress reduction program based on mindfulness improved the average score of the total pain indexs including pain acceptance(F=27.017, P=0.008 and η=0.523)and pain intensity(F=24.707, P=0.009 and η=0.457)and each of their dimensions was effective in the subjects of the experimental group(P<0.01). Also, the findings showed that this intervention program was effective in the post-test phase in the subjects of the experimental group on increasing adherence to the treatment regimen(F=23.486, P=0.007 and η=0.503)had an effect (P<0.01). Conclusion: According to the results of the present study, therapists' use of intervention programs in centers that provide treatment services to chronic patients along with drug therapy can have beneficial results. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Supplementation of jujube fruit and exercise training; A systematic review
marziyeh eslami

The jujube medicinal plant with the scientific name Ziziphus jujuba Mill belongs to the Rhamnaceae family and is one of the native plants of the Iranian plateau. The most important species of the genus Zizyphus in Iran include jujube (Zizyphus jujube Mill.), jujube (Z. More

The jujube medicinal plant with the scientific name Ziziphus jujuba Mill belongs to the Rhamnaceae family and is one of the native plants of the Iranian plateau. The most important species of the genus Zizyphus in Iran include jujube (Zizyphus jujube Mill.), jujube (Z. spina-christii L.), jujube (Z. lotus (L) Wild.), jujube (Z. mauritiana Lam.) and Ramlik (Z. nummularia Burm.f.). Several therapeutic properties of jujube alone or together with exercise training have been proven, anti-aging, anti-inflammatory, anti-cancer, anti-bacterial and anti-microbial, anti-diarrheal, anti-epileptic, anti-diabetic properties. anti-hyperglycemic and blood sugar reducing), blood fat reducing (anti-hyperlipidemia), anti-fatigue effect, immune system regulation, antioxidant properties, hematopoietic and blood purifying, relaxing and reducing anxiety, lowering blood pressure, improvement of neuropathological diseases such as Alzheimer's, Parkinson's and cognitive disorders, liver problems; obesity; kidney and urinary problems; preventing the occurrence of cardiovascular problems, repairing damaged tissues and strengthening muscles, suppressing hunger and appetite well documented. On the other hand, consuming too much jujube causes the formation of vitamin K in the blood and thickens the blood. In general, according to scientific research and the existence of effective chemical compounds in the treatment and prevention of diseases, the supplement of jujube as a medicinal plant along with exercise training for the health of the brain, heart and blood vessels, liver, muscle pain relief and also treatment of various types diseases seem effective. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - The effecte of eight weeks of resistance training with royal jelly on the pathaphysiological changes in the hippocampal tissue of Alzheimer's rats
Leila Mokhtari Tahereh Bagherpour Nematollah Nemati

Abstract Introduction: Oxidative stress plays role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD).exercise and antioxidants on neuronal health have effect . the effect of eight weeks of resistance training (RT) along with royal jelly (RJ) on Malondialdehyde (MDA) More

Abstract Introduction: Oxidative stress plays role in the progression of Alzheimer's disease (AD).exercise and antioxidants on neuronal health have effect . the effect of eight weeks of resistance training (RT) along with royal jelly (RJ) on Malondialdehyde (MDA), Protein Carbonylate (PC) and the pathological changes in the hippocampal tissue of Alzheimer's rats treated with trimethyltin (TMT)has been determined. Methods: In this experimental study, 42 male Sprague-Dawley rats treated with 8 mg/kg TMT were divided into TMT, Sham, RJ100, RJ200, RT, RT+RJ100 and RT+RJ200 groups. Supplemental groups received RJ with doses of 100 and 200 mg/kg/day as peritoneal injection, and the increasing RT protocol was performed for 8 weeks, 3 sessions a week with an intensity of 30 to 100% of the weight. Results: MDA, PC in TMT group were significantly higher than HC group. But MDA and PC in RT+RJ200 group were lower than TMT group (P≤0.05). Also, PC in RT group was significantly lower than TMT. MDA in RJ200 group were lower than TMT; PC values in RJ100 group was significantly lower than TMT (P≤0.05). The reducing effect of PC in RJ100 group was more favorable than RJ200 (P≤0.05). Also, the effect of reducing MDA in the RT+RJ200 group was more favorable than the RT+RJ100 group (P≤0.05). Conclusion:the resistance training and royal jelly have favorable effects on reducing oxidative stress. the simultaneous effect of these two interventions, especially with a higher dose, has a more favorable effect on reducing oxidative stress in the hippocampus tissue in AD modeling conditions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - The effect of high-intensity interval training on the content of autophagy proteins (BECLIN1 and AMBRA1) in the skeletal muscle of aged rats
Hamid Khodaverdi Neda Aghaei Bahmanbeglou saeedeh Shadmehri

Introduction: One of the complications associated with aging is the reduction of muscle volume, which is caused by defects in cellular pathways such as autophagy. Exercises can be a key factor in reversing or increasing this complication; Therefore, the aim of this rese More

Introduction: One of the complications associated with aging is the reduction of muscle volume, which is caused by defects in cellular pathways such as autophagy. Exercises can be a key factor in reversing or increasing this complication; Therefore, the aim of this research is the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on the content of autophagy proteins (BECLIN1 and AMBRA1) in the skeletal muscle of aged rats. Materials and Methods: The current research is of experimental-fundamental type, in which 12, 20-month-old male Sprague-Dawley rats with an average weight of 400±30 grams were randomly divided into 2 groups: 1) control (6 head) and 2) HIIT (6 head). The HIIT training program consisted of 8 weeks and 3 sessions per week with an intensity of 85-90% of VO2max. After 48 hours after the last training session, the EDL muscle tissue of the rats was removed. Data analysis Data were analysed through independent t-test in SPSS version 27 and GraphPad Prism version 2.2.10 software. The significance level was less than p≥0.05. Results: Eight weeks of HIIT training increased BECLIN1 protein intracellular content (P=0.0001) and decreased AMBRA1 protein intracellular content (P=0.0001) in EDL muscle of aged rats. Conclusion: Considering the conflicting results in the content of BECLIN1 and AMBRA1 proteins, it suggests that the adaptive responses of HIIT differ in the regulation of the autophagy pathway. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - The relationship between doing physical activity in schools with physical self-efficacy and learning experience of secondary school students in Ramyan city
Nasser Bay Mohsen Rajabloo

The main purpose of this research was to study relationship between doing physical activity in schools with physical self-efficacy and learning experience of secondary school students in Ramyan city. The correlational research method was used to conduct this research. More

The main purpose of this research was to study relationship between doing physical activity in schools with physical self-efficacy and learning experience of secondary school students in Ramyan city. The correlational research method was used to conduct this research. All 768 secondary school students of Ramyan city (291 female students and 477 male students) formed the statistical population of this study, 257 students were considered as samples and their selection was done in a stratified random way. Three standard questionnaires were the data collection tools of this study, which included Deng et al.'s physical activity (2007), Dwyer et al.'s physical self-efficacy (2012), and McGuire et al.'s (2014) learning experience. The study data were analyzed in two descriptive and inferential parts using SPSS and Smart PLS statistical software. The results of the research showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between physical activity in schools and the physical self-efficacy of secondary school students. Another part of the results showed that there is no significant relationship between physical activity in schools and the learning experience of secondary school students. Finally, the positive relationship between physical activity in schools and the learning experience of secondary school students was confirmed with the mediating role of physical self-efficacy. According to the results of this study, it can be concluded that physical activity can bring positive consequences such as increasing physical self-efficacy for students; therefore, it is suggested to develop regular sports programs for students beyond the sports lesson plans in schools. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - The effect of eight weeks of resistance training after transplantation of stem cells derived from adipose tissue on some apoptotic and anti-apoptotic factors of heart tissue in non-alcoholic fatty liver model rats
Erfan Gholami Seyed Abdollah Hashemvarzi Seyedeh Yasaman Asadi

Introduction: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is one of the most common chronic hepatic diseases which may be associated with cardiovascular disease. The study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of eight weeks of resistance training after stem cell More

Introduction: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease is one of the most common chronic hepatic diseases which may be associated with cardiovascular disease. The study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of eight weeks of resistance training after stem cell transplantation in fatty liver model rats. Methods: 36 rats were divided into two groups: control (6 rats) and patients with fatty liver (30 rats). The control group used standard food for 6 weeks, while the animals in the diseased groups used high-fat food to induce fatty liver disease. At the end of the sixth week, to confirm the development of fatty liver disease, blood was randomly drawn from the tails of 3 rats. Then the animals of the patient group were randomly divided into 5 groups Saline, Fatty liver, Exercise, Cell, Exercise + Cell. About 1.5 x 106 stem cells for each mouse were injected into the cell receiving groups through the tail vein. The training program consisted of 8 weeks of climbing the ladder. Results: The amounts of Bax and Bcl-2 of the heart tissue decreased and increased respectively in the treated groups compared to the patient group, but these changes were significant only in the exercise group and exercise + cells compared to the patient group. Conclusion: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease is significantly associated with cardiac cell apoptosis. Resistance training after stem cell transplantation decreased the Bax and increased the Bcl-2 in heart tissue. Therefore, it seems that this method can be considered as a therapeutic solution. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - The effect of eight weeks of high intensity interval and moderate intensity continuous trainings along with Citrus Aurantium on bone alkaline phosphatase and osteocalcin in the femur tissue of elderly female rats
Fatemeh Farkhaie سعید کشاورز Elham Eftekhari سید علی حسینی

Background and Purpose: Osteoporosis in old age is one of the most common metabolic bone diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of eight weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) a More

Background and Purpose: Osteoporosis in old age is one of the most common metabolic bone diseases. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effect of eight weeks of high intensity interval training (HIIT) and moderate intensity continuous training (MICT) along with Citrus Aurantium (CA) on bone alkaline phosphatase (BALP) and osteocalcin (OCN) in the femur tissue of elderly female rats. Material and Methods: In this experimental study, 42 elderly female rats were randomly divided into 7 groups including 1) control (C), 2) MICT, 3) HIIT, 4) MICT+CA, 5) HIIT+ CA, 6) CA and 7) Sham (normal-saline). HIIT trainings were performed with an intensity of 85- 110% VO2max and MICT trainings were performed with an intensity of 65% VO2max; CA was consumed 300 mg/kg/day. Results: In the CA, MICT, HIITHIIT+CA and MICT+CA groups, BALP and OCN levels were higher than C group (P=0.001). In addition, BALP levels in MICT+CA group were higher than CA, HIIT, MICT and HIIT+CA groups. OCN levels in the MICT group were higher than the HIIT group (P=0.001). While in the HIIT and MICT group were higher than the HIIT+CA and MICT+CA groups (P=0.001). Conclusion: It seems that although HIIT, MICT and CA are effective (both alone and interactively) in improving bone metabolism, the effect of training is much stronger than the effects of CA on osteoporosis. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - The relationship between the level of physical activity and the quality of life and social health of the students of Islamic Azad University Azadshahr branch
Minoo Dadban shahamat

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between the level of physical activity and the quality of life and social health of students. The research method is post-event or causal comparative. The statistical population included all More

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the relationship between the level of physical activity and the quality of life and social health of students. The research method is post-event or causal comparative. The statistical population included all the students of Islamic Azad University of Azadshahr branch in the academic year 1402-1403 and included 4500 people. The sample size was determined to be 350 people using Cochran's formula, which was available as a sampling, to answer the questions of physical activity questionnaires (Sharki, 1997), quality of life SF-36 (Brazier et al., 2011) and social health (Keyes, 1998) were selected. Mean and standard deviation were used to describe the research data, and Pearson's correlation coefficient was used to test the research hypotheses. All analyzes were performed at the level of P ≤ 0.05 and with SPSS version 21 statistical software. The findings showed that there is a significant relationship between the average level of physical activity and the dimensions of physical health and mental health of the quality of life index (P ≤ 0.05). Also, there is a significant relationship between the average level of physical activity and all five dimensions of social health, including social solidarity, social cohesion, social participation, social prosperity and social acceptance (P ≤ 0.05). Quality of life, social health, physical activity, students Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - The effect of eight weeks of swimming training, cell and laser therapy on the expression of IL-2, IL-10 and STAT-3 genes in testicular tissue in azoospermia model rat.
seyed sasan Hoseyni Habib Asgharpour پروین فرزانگی

purpose: Azoospermia means lack of sperm in semen. One percent of all men and ten percent of infertile men suffer from azoospermia, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of eight weeks of swimming training, cell and laser therapy on the expression of I More

purpose: Azoospermia means lack of sperm in semen. One percent of all men and ten percent of infertile men suffer from azoospermia, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of eight weeks of swimming training, cell and laser therapy on the expression of IL-2, IL-10 and STAT-3 genes in testicular tissue. It is azoospermia in rats. Methods: Forty 6- to 8-week-old rats were randomly selected, and then the azoospermia model was induced with Busulfan at a dose of 40 mg in mice. One month after induction of the model, stem cells were transplanted once in the vas deferens at the rate of one million cells per mouse. Then, one week after cell transplantation, a laser with a wavelength of 632.8 nm and a power of 10 mW and energy 3 joules were applied in three repetitions throughout the study period with an interval of once a week, and after improving the effects of surgery, swimming training were performed for 30 minutes and 5 days a week for 8 weeks. Results: The results showed that induction of azoospermia model caused a significant increase in IL-2, IL-10 and STAT-3 genes compared to healthy group rats (P≤0.05). Also, performing the interventional methods of laser therapy, cell therapy and exercise significantly reduced the expression of these genes in the testicular tissue of rats compared to the patient group (P≤0.05). Conclusion: Swimming exercise in combination with cell and laser therapy may help the fertility of azoospermia model rats by reducing testicular tissue inflammation signaling. Manuscript profile

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