Human & Environment: 4 (3)

Open Access Article

1 - Investigating health effect of job-related pollution in prefabricated gypsum wall manufacturing industry on the employees and proposing HSE management strategies
Manizheh Afrashtehfard Parvin Nassiri

The purpose of this study is to prevent of occupational diseases, increase human resources capacity, optimize job, increase in employees’ productivity and damage alleviation in the studied industry. Evaluation through field visits, observation and taking notes fro More

The purpose of this study is to prevent of occupational diseases, increase human resources capacity, optimize job, increase in employees’ productivity and damage alleviation in the studied industry. Evaluation through field visits, observation and taking notes from medical documents. Factors were measurece using calibrated equipment and devices. The collected data were compared with standard level of Iran and some recommendations were proposed based on the results. Research findings revealed that sound level is complied with T.L.V; vibration exceeds allowable level; gypsum dust is higher than permissible level in silage operator and at allowable range in mixer, packaging and production operators; knight light is lower than standard level, QEC% is acceptable in packaging and manufacturing operators, gypsum transport to silage and lift truck operator while requires further study in mixer operator. Therefore, Identifying and mitigation the damaging factor at the right time and properly evaluating them are very effective inpreventing and reducing the progress of occupational diseases and it is recommended to prioritise them in HSE programs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Sustainable Tourism Indicators in Achieving Economic, Social, Cultural and Environmental Values: Presenting Solutions for the Devastating Effects
Negin Nasseh Lobat Taghavi

The tourism industry is one of the most important economic activities in the current century that has brought numerous economic and social resources to countries around the world. In addition to economic, social and cultural consequences, ecotourism development as one o More

The tourism industry is one of the most important economic activities in the current century that has brought numerous economic and social resources to countries around the world. In addition to economic, social and cultural consequences, ecotourism development as one of the most attractive types of tourism can have significant environmental effects as well. Lack of precision, lack of development and conduction of precautionary measures in the form of guidelines, standards and continuous assessment will make these effects to have many devastating consequences in natural and human environments, and will lead to environmental instability and finally ecotourism instability. However, ecotourism as a good tool can have a global or local role in line with sustainable tourism. In addition, the ecotourism today is not often rightly oriented and is mainly defined in a way which practically takes distance from the declared standards to achieve stability and success in the sustainability process. This is a descriptive- explanatory study and has been developed using library documents. The aim of this study was to describe the relationship between tourism concepts with sustainable developments and description of environmental problems and pollution (including air, water, soil, noise, visual and waste pollution) of unstable tourism. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Estimating environmental costs at feasibility study stage by providing a checklist
mahsa safaripour

A project in any case should have a feasibility study and besides justifying the project, it should be able to make the best use of resources. There are costs for all projects which is imposed on the project and this cost should be estimated in the feasibility study of More

A project in any case should have a feasibility study and besides justifying the project, it should be able to make the best use of resources. There are costs for all projects which is imposed on the project and this cost should be estimated in the feasibility study of the project. External costs are costs which are imposed on society and the environment but they are not included in the price of the goods or services. This paper presents a new model to estimating the external environmental costs of a project. Therefor, first the potential environmental pollutants will be grouped and justified by the checklist method. Finally, external costs are estimated based on the said checklist using the energy balance sheet and its adjustment coefficients. And by using another checklist to look at external costs that have been counted many times, Subtract or add to the total external costs. Then the private (fixed and variable) costs of the project are taken into account and The cost is minus the total income. This is a kind of cost-benefit analysis, can be used to justify a financially project. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Rectreation areas management Application of tourism based management tools in recreational
Somayeh Galdavi Marjan Mohammadzadeh

Nowadays, demand for the recreational use in natural environment has increased significantly. Increasing recreational use in these areas lead to destruction of natural resources and also caused to visitors' dissatisfaction. Maintaining recreational places and providing More

Nowadays, demand for the recreational use in natural environment has increased significantly. Increasing recreational use in these areas lead to destruction of natural resources and also caused to visitors' dissatisfaction. Maintaining recreational places and providing visitors' satisfaction require the use of approaches which consider visitors opinion in the recreational areas management. In this study, some approaches of recreational areas management, that use visitor's opinion in the recreational areas management including Place-Based Programming (PBP), Benefit-Based Management (BBM), Scenery Management System (SMS) and the use of visitor information (NVUM) have been described. PBP is based on understanding the people' concepts and values in different special geographic locations. The relationship and dependence between people and places may be associated with emotional, psychological, social, cultural and historical properties of individuals and groups which used the places. BBM is based on the benefits of outdoor recreation and classified recreational area based on the benefits of recreational use. SMS is a visual management tool which uses people's aesthetic preferences for recreational planning and management. NVUM includes information collected from visitors which can be used to identify visitors' behavior, preferences, needs, demands and their satisfaction that used for recreational resource management. These tools use people opinions for developing management protocols. Therefore, successful management of recreational areas associated with preparing visitors' satisfaction along with maintaining quality of recreational area can be possible using these tools.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - A Review of Urban Growth Prediction Models
Fatemeh Hajizadeh Abdolrasoul Salman Mahiny

Human population continues to aggregate in urban centers, who inevitably increases the urban footprint with significant consequences for biodiversity, climate, and environmental resources. Urban growth prediction models have been extensively studied with the overarching More

Human population continues to aggregate in urban centers, who inevitably increases the urban footprint with significant consequences for biodiversity, climate, and environmental resources. Urban growth prediction models have been extensively studied with the overarching goal to assist in sustainable management of urban centers. Despite the extensive research, these models are not frequently included in the decision making process. The survey found a strong recognition of the models’ potential in decision making, but limited agreement which these models actually reach enough potential in practice. This review aims are an overview of existing models, including advantages and limitations. Also, in general, it will be discussed to main reason for not applying these models in the decision making. Analysis of aggregated statistics indicates that cellular automata are the prevailing modeling technique, present in the majority of published works. Also, being unfamiliar decision-makers with models and thelack of popularity models to research are significant reasons for not using these models in the decision making. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Effect of Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acids on Morphological Characteristics and Phytoremediation Capacity of Indian mustard (brassica juncea L) in Nickel Contaminated Soil
Mansoureh Tashakori zadeh Mostafa Alizadeh

20.1001.1.15625532.1398.17.3.2.4

Contaminated soil with heavy metal is one of the most important environmental issues in the world. The refining plant is one of the methods of refinement and prevent potential pollution hazards of heavy metals in soil. The purpose of this study, effects of various conce More

Contaminated soil with heavy metal is one of the most important environmental issues in the world. The refining plant is one of the methods of refinement and prevent potential pollution hazards of heavy metals in soil. The purpose of this study, effects of various concentrations of EDTA on some morphological characteristics and the efficiency of EDTA for Increased Ni from soil and to compare their effects for enhancing of Ni extraction with Indian mustard (brassica juncea L). For this purpose, a greenhouse experiment was conducted in completely randomized design with four replications. Soil samples were mixed with 600 mg/kg of nickel sulfate and the seeds were planted in soil of pot. The experimental factor was including 0, 1, 5, 10 and 12 mmol EDTA that after the seed cultivation have been added to the soil. The results of the research showed that The application of different EDTA concentrations decreased morphological characteristics and increased soluble nickel concentrations in soil and transfer it to the inside of the plant and this changes was significant compared to the control treatment. The increase in soluble nickel concentrations in soil and transfer it to the inside of the plant inhibits the absorption of essential elements to the plants shoot and thus, repelled the growing process. In general, Indian mustard (brassica juncea L) due to high nickel resistance can be introduced as a Ni hyper accumulator to EDTA induced phytoextraction technology.  But according to the preventive effects of these substances on the growth of the plant should be used for low concentrations.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Evaluation and zoning of land suitability for rangeland using AHP- FUZZY method )Case study: saghezchi chay catchment, Ardabil)
dariush naseri Aliakbar Shamsipour Mohammad Rezvani

Conservation, exploitation sustainable management of watershed resources in order to meet the needs of the present generation and preserve these resources for future generations, are one of the main priorities. The purpose of this study is to determine the suitability o More

Conservation, exploitation sustainable management of watershed resources in order to meet the needs of the present generation and preserve these resources for future generations, are one of the main priorities. The purpose of this study is to determine the suitability of the land for rangeland using Multi Criteria Evaluation (MCE) based on fuzzy logic. Considering makhdoom ecological model for pasture land use nine factors include rainfall, elevation, slope, soil, sediment, soil hydrologic group, soil depth, vegetation density and current land use were evaluated and prepared from relevant agencies departments. To determine the weight of the factors analytical hierarchy process (AHP) was used and by ArcGIS9.3 software and using weighted linear combination (WLC) operator, all of the layers were overlaid and then, final raster map was created. Final suitability of the area for rangeland  were categorized to  very good, good, mediate, poor and very poor categories and zoning map was made. The results showed that 1186 ha (15.6%) of the area has a very good capability, 1677.7 ha (22.9%) has good capability, 1872.5 hectares (24.66%) has mediate capability, 2,176 hectares (28.63%) has             poor capability and 680 ha (8.9%) has very weak capability for Range Management. The results show that the combination of geographic information system and multi criteria decision making in evaluation of    the suitability of lands for agriculture and range land use is very efficient.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - The most appropriate distance sampling method to determine density and percentage of canopy cover in Juniper forests
Vahid Alijani Seyed Mohammad Moein Sadeghi Manocher Namiranian Mojtaba Mohamadizadeh

Juniperus excelsa forests are thinner and have distribution in areas with severe living conditions andcompletely rocky beds. Due to inventories of these forests are hard, costly, and time-consuming,therefore, in this study, the most suitable sampling method was investig More

Juniperus excelsa forests are thinner and have distribution in areas with severe living conditions andcompletely rocky beds. Due to inventories of these forests are hard, costly, and time-consuming,therefore, in this study, the most suitable sampling method was investigated to determine the density andpercentage of canopy cover in Juniper forests. For this purpose, an area of 15.9 ha of forests in Alborzprovince made an inventory with a full callipering method. The results of full callipering show thatdensity is 61 trees per hectare, and the percentage of canopy is 20.51 in this stand. In the next stage, sitestudy was made an inventory by using seven distance sampling methods (nearest individual method,nearest neighbor method, second nearest neighbor, random pairs method, T-square method, and pointcentered quarter method), density and percentage of canopy were calculated for each method andcompared to Full callipering method. Results show that random pairs method estimated density 58.3 treesper hectare (the difference is -3.79 percent) and T-square method estimated density 62.97 trees perhectare (the difference is +3.91 percent) has less difference in estimating trees density. The random pairsmethod estimated canopy cover 23.4 percent (the difference is 14.09 percent), and is the lowest error toestimate the percentage of the canopy in these forests. According to the specific condition of Juniperforests, using a random pairs method is suggested because it can be easily measured, has less error andsaving time and money. Manuscript profile

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