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Open Access Article
1 - The Great Metaphor of Knowledge: A Comparative Study of the Poems of Shirko Bikas and Abbas Yamini Sharif
Samad Ali Aghaei Vahid Gholami Sadegh Mohammadi Bolbolan Abad Adel Dast GoshadehOne of the newest approaches to literary criticism is the cognitive approach. The macro metaphors that are needed to understand literary works use the mechanisms of conceptual metaphors in this view. In this article, relying on the cognitive concept of metaphor, the aut MoreOne of the newest approaches to literary criticism is the cognitive approach. The macro metaphors that are needed to understand literary works use the mechanisms of conceptual metaphors in this view. In this article, relying on the cognitive concept of metaphor, the authors intend to comparatively examine the macro metaphor of knowledge in the poems of Bikas and Yamini Sharif. The research data is the poem "Book" from the collection of poems "Inak Dokhtari Sarzamine Man Ast" (2011), composed by Bikas and the poem "Good Book" written by Yamini Sharif. The main questions of the research are how the concept of knowledge is reflected in these poems and how micro-conceptual metaphors are integrated in the superstructure of these poems by the macro metaphor of knowledge. The present study is based on the theories of Likoff and Johnson (1980) and Kuchsh (2010), and is conducted qualitatively. The research findings show that the micro metaphors used in the superstructure of these poems have a basic infrastructure called macro knowledge metaphor. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Investigating the position of women in the poems of Mojez Shabestari and Seyed Ashrafoddin Gilani
ziba esmaeiliThe Constitutional Revolution considered women's issues as one of the most central social issues. Turkish poets, along with Persian poets, published social problems related to women. Poets such as Mojez Shabestari and Seyyed Ashrafuddin Gilani are in this category. This MoreThe Constitutional Revolution considered women's issues as one of the most central social issues. Turkish poets, along with Persian poets, published social problems related to women. Poets such as Mojez Shabestari and Seyyed Ashrafuddin Gilani are in this category. This study examines the commonalities and differences of the two poets' thought lines in issues related to women based on the comparative-descriptive method to analyze and evaluate the issues reflected in the poetry of the two poets and their social stance on the issue of women. Education of women, establishment of schools for girls, struggle against religious people against education, comparison of Iranian women with women of other countries, struggle against superstitions and raising awareness for women, freedom of women by observing hijab, women's jobs and their marriage are the most central themes in poetry of both poets. Both poets emphasize the education of women and object to religious opposition to the education of girls. Mojez emphasizes the employment of women, but Syed Ashraf al-Din does not clearly state his position on women's employment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - A comparative study of the novels "Chicago" by Alaa Al-Aswani and "Neighbors" by Ahmad Mahmoud
Mandana MangaliThe novel "Chicago" (2007) is one of the most powerful and most popular contemporary novels in the world in the field of culture and literature. Alaa Aswani (born 1957), a well-known Egyptian writer, deals with the conflicts of Egyptian-American life in the novel "Chica MoreThe novel "Chicago" (2007) is one of the most powerful and most popular contemporary novels in the world in the field of culture and literature. Alaa Aswani (born 1957), a well-known Egyptian writer, deals with the conflicts of Egyptian-American life in the novel "Chicago", conflicts resulting from the behaviors of a young Egyptian in the United States. Ahmad Mahmoud (1331-2002) is one of the writers of the southern school in Iran and the novel "Neighbors" was written in accordance with the coup d'etat of 1948, i.e, the first half of the 20th century and it investigates the problems and atmosphere ruling the colonized countries and peoples of the Third World and depicts them. Symbolism is present in both works. The time and place and the multiplicity of characters and the plot and elements are very strong in both. Aswani looks at oppression and discrimination through the intellectual community and sees the penetration of the incompetence of the governing commission in this part of society and even outside the borders. But Ahmad Mahmoud has a biased view of the conditions prevailing in the people and has pursued this issue with the theme of poverty and misery. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Adaptation of the understanding of the text, based on Gadamer's theory with Linda Hutchen's postmodernism theory*
Reza Borabadi Ali Sheikh MehdiAdaptation is a controversial debate. It is important to know whether the adaptation is a theory or a concept or a process. But the process of adaptation is important that is considered. The literary text first appeared in the sacred texts of ancient civilizations befor MoreAdaptation is a controversial debate. It is important to know whether the adaptation is a theory or a concept or a process. But the process of adaptation is important that is considered. The literary text first appeared in the sacred texts of ancient civilizations before Christ, and which have seen forms of adaptation to the present day, which must be seen to have undergone what fundamental changes? Secondly, the most important discussion of the adapted work is its analysis. Therefore, the researcher intends to consider the process of adaptation effect and its analysis as two variables with a comparative approach. If we consider the process of reaching an adapted work from any source that Gadamer considers to include any visual and audio text as an independent variable, then we inevitably consider the text to be a philosophical hermeneutics, also, if we consider the reading of an adapted work based on Linda Hutchen's postmodern theory as a dependent variable. In this article, these two variables will be examined for the following reason: Does content analysis lead to the production of an adapted work or hermeneutics? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - A Comparative Study of Subject's Situation in Forough and Akhavan Literature with Emphasis on Another Birth and Winter
Mohammad Sharifian Rajab Fakhraeian Hossein Mehrabi BardarIn the field of aesthetics of literary works, a lot of research has been conducted, but these works less has been considered from the perspective of semantics. In the present article, using a descriptive-comparative method and based on library sources, secondary intenti MoreIn the field of aesthetics of literary works, a lot of research has been conducted, but these works less has been considered from the perspective of semantics. In the present article, using a descriptive-comparative method and based on library sources, secondary intentions in the rhetorical application of the subject situation in mentioning or deleting, introducing or not, presenting or delaying and focusing, adjectives and constraints are analyzed based on rhetorical science books. The analysis of "Another Birth" and "Winter" shows that the mention of subject is important to Forough and Akhavan more than its omission, and it seems that in both cases of omission or mention, their goal is often to convey the content in the shortest time with the most emphasis. In presenting and delaying the subject, the presentation of subject is more important than the delay, and he has used the presentation and delay of the subject for the purposes of "placing the subject in the mind of the addressee" and expressing "pain and sorrow." Forough and Akhavan, for more emphasis, introduce subject by adding a name, pronoun or adjective, and have used Nakareh subject less than Maarefa subject. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - The narration of symbolism and the flow of mind in the symphony of the deads and towards the lighthouse
Kian PishkarThe field of comparative literature is one of the largest and most extensive fields of study in world literature, which can open many openings for literary enthusiasts to know nations, literature, cultures, traditions and thoughts. Among the great Iranian and British wr MoreThe field of comparative literature is one of the largest and most extensive fields of study in world literature, which can open many openings for literary enthusiasts to know nations, literature, cultures, traditions and thoughts. Among the great Iranian and British writers, many people have heard the names of Abbas Maroufi and Ms. Virginia Woolf and are not familiar with their valuable works that have undoubtedly influenced the literature of their country and the world. The novels "Symphony of the Deads" by Abbas Maroofi (1957) and "Towards the Lighthouse" by Virginia Woolf (1942-1882) are valuable and great works of Persian and English literature that have their own unique features and characteristics that comparative study of their narration based on modern narrative, the proposed format and structure of the fluid flow of the mind, while facilitating their literary understanding, can provide a new way in the practical study of modern and postmodern comparative literature. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Comparative study of cryptography and Telisman-opening of the beginning of feasts in Shahnameh and Haft Peykar
Leila Saei Nasser Naseri Tazeh Shahri Shahriar HassanzadehOne of the outstanding features of all fictional works with mental themes is their cryptic nature, so that this feature has a special effect and prominence in "Shahnameh" and "Haft Peykar", since elders and heroes to unravel complex codes and telismans with the help of MoreOne of the outstanding features of all fictional works with mental themes is their cryptic nature, so that this feature has a special effect and prominence in "Shahnameh" and "Haft Peykar", since elders and heroes to unravel complex codes and telismans with the help of Ahuras force and rationalists fought against the demonic forces, and sometimes resorted to cryptic acts to untie closed and difficult knots, and they rejoiced and feasted. The protagonists of the stories speak of tools such as astronomy and prediction of divine destiny, and consult with priests, clerics and dreamers to unravel the mysteries and secrets, and sometimes turn to astrology and knowledge of the misfortunes of Sepehri astronomers in order to achieve victory. In this article, scientific causation has been done in a descriptive-analytical and comparative way and the research results show that most of the celebrations have had roots in unlocking codes and telismans. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - A Comparative Study of Prayer in the Military Poems of Ganjavi and Jamil Sedghi Al-Zahawi
Khaled Hefzi Abdolamir Al-Tamimi Mehrdad AghaeiIn the Persian literature, Iranian and non-Iranian poets and writers, citing the order of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) who said: "everything must be started in the name of God", have long written their poems and writings in the name of the Lord of the worlds, and praising Hi MoreIn the Persian literature, Iranian and non-Iranian poets and writers, citing the order of the Holy Prophet (PBUH) who said: "everything must be started in the name of God", have long written their poems and writings in the name of the Lord of the worlds, and praising His greatness and generosity. In Arabic literature, old and new poets have prayed to the Lord of the universe in their poems. Nezami Ganjavi, one of the greatest poets of Persian literature, at the beginning of his Masnavi, has dedicated many verses to praise and supplication to God. The Iraqi poet, Jamil Sedghi al-Zahawi also mentions God in a scattered manner in the margins of his divan, but in the final part of the divan, he devotes an ode to prayer and supplication to God only. The purpose of this study is to have a comparative study of prayers and supplications and their content in the poems of Nezami Ganjavi and Jamil Sedghi Alzheimer. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - A Study of Educational Themes in the Poetry of Farrokhi Yazdi and Iraj Mirza
Seyedeh Maryam Jazayeri Shahriar Shadigo Nahid Jafari DehkordiFor a long time now, poets have tried to improve the situation of society by considering moral and educational instructions in their poetry. By the formation of the constitution and the ruling policies, the need for education and principles of ethics was felt by the peo MoreFor a long time now, poets have tried to improve the situation of society by considering moral and educational instructions in their poetry. By the formation of the constitution and the ruling policies, the need for education and principles of ethics was felt by the people of the society. This research is based on the descriptive-analytical method obtained from library studies and its main purpose is to explain the educational manifestations in the poems of Farrokhi Yazdi and Iraj Mirza. Farrokhi Yazdi and Iraj Mirza are among the liberalism poets of the constitutional era who have paid attention to educating and informing the people. Investigating the poems of these two poets shows that their social insights and their different positions on education have been greatly influenced by their social class. The result of this research indicates that, the educational themes in their poetry move in two different directions due to the family, intellectual and political differences of the two poets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The effect of Khaghani style on Hafez in explaining the term-concept of Pir Moghan
Tahereh Babakhani Ali Heidari Massoud Sepahvandi"Pir Moghan" is a term -concept that, like the ruins and alleys of Moghan, is a reminder of the Mehri ritual and the religion of Zoroastrianism in the birthplace of Iranians and it is manifested in a sacred form after religious revolution. Khaghani can be considered a p More"Pir Moghan" is a term -concept that, like the ruins and alleys of Moghan, is a reminder of the Mehri ritual and the religion of Zoroastrianism in the birthplace of Iranians and it is manifested in a sacred form after religious revolution. Khaghani can be considered a pioneer in its use. Khaghani (595-520 AH) is one of the most important poets who after Sanai (545-473 AH) and Attar (618-540 AH) and before Movlavi (672-604 AH) and Hafez has tried to compose melodic poems and in the word, meaning and the creation of the external and internal structure of poetry has had a direct impact on Hafez (727-792 AH). By borrowing from Khaghani and sanctifying it and placing it next to the ambiguous and weighty concept of "rand", Hafez has turned this term-concept into a two-dimensional discourse and genre that, after passing through the purity of his mind and language, is similar and different from Pir Moghani, with whom Khaghani had previously enlightened. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - A Comparative Study of Myth and Mysticism in the Attar's Seven Cities of Love with Bidel Dehlavi's Lyric Poems
Masoumeh Pazoki Khodabakhsh Asadollahi Alireza Nikouei Tawfiq Hashempour SobhaniFrom the first periods of gradual growth and intellectual maturity of human beings, human beings have always been in search of the foundations and resources of some sciences in various fields, especially in the field of humanities. In the same process, he may have thoug MoreFrom the first periods of gradual growth and intellectual maturity of human beings, human beings have always been in search of the foundations and resources of some sciences in various fields, especially in the field of humanities. In the same process, he may have thought of discovering the mysteries related to the convergence of these sciences. Undoubtedly, the origins of most of the humanities have commonalities, but in order to expand their scope, it seems that the origin of their formation must be different. Categories such as myth and mysticism, although seemingly different in approach, but both are prominent manifestations of Iranian identity in various positions, especially in the symbolic dimension of language, interpretability, narrative, artistic approach, closeness to religious texts, they have convergence and harmony and this commonality and convergence shows itself more in the field of poetry and literature. Therefore, many poets, including Hafez, have not been unaware of this point. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Illustration of "La" in the poetry of Sanai and Khaghani
Afshar Azizi Dolatabadi Ali Hossein Razani Kobra Bahmani Alireza FatemiThematic creation and illustration of poets with letters has a long history. Most poets have done their best to use letters in illustrations to create themes in a beautiful and exhilarating way. Every poet, in turn, has taken steps in inventing and creating new wonders, MoreThematic creation and illustration of poets with letters has a long history. Most poets have done their best to use letters in illustrations to create themes in a beautiful and exhilarating way. Every poet, in turn, has taken steps in inventing and creating new wonders, innovations and special creations in this valley. Sanai and Khaghani are among the poets who have achieved this art with their poetic talent; In a way that immerses the reader in thinking about creating amazing images. They have created wonders by using phenomena and using symbolic and mythical meanings of what they have seen in their environment. These two poets with unique characteristics, one of which is the creation of beautiful themes and illustrations with words and letters, and by doing so, while innovation and creativity; have increased the importance of their poetry. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Principles of Sustainability, from the Constitution to the Islamic Revolution, relying on the Poems of Farrokhi Yazdi and Behjati
Akbar Ranjbar Hadi Heidarinia Mahmoud SadeghzadehThe literature of stability is the loud cry of the oppressed nations against colonialism and oppressive rulers. Although this type of poetry has a thousand-year history in Persian literature; But its composition began seriously and purposefully from the time of the Cons MoreThe literature of stability is the loud cry of the oppressed nations against colonialism and oppressive rulers. Although this type of poetry has a thousand-year history in Persian literature; But its composition began seriously and purposefully from the time of the Constitution. Poets such as Farrokhi in the era of constitutionalism and Behjati in the era of the Islamic Revolution were among the pioneers in this field. An overview of the poems of the poets shows that these two generations of revolutionary poets have much in common in terms of political and social ideas, and the themes of sustainability literature can be clearly seen in their poems. Therefore, research on the poetic themes of these two poets is important and very necessary. In this research, it has been tried to study the effects of stability in the poems of these two poets by descriptive-analytical method and to answer these questions; In the field of resistance and stability, what common themes and components can be seen in Farrokhi and Behjati poems? What are the poetic characteristics of these two poets in the field of sustainability? Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Convergences and divergences of Heidegger's Carbone and Fardid reading
Jalal Sobhanifard Aziz Javanpour Heravi Reza Nasiri HamedMartin Heidegger, the influential twentieth century's philosopher in Iran has had a considerable success. Seyyed Ahmad Fardid was one of the first thinkers in Iran to pay attention to Heidegger's thought. At the same time, Henry Carbone, one of the most important contem MoreMartin Heidegger, the influential twentieth century's philosopher in Iran has had a considerable success. Seyyed Ahmad Fardid was one of the first thinkers in Iran to pay attention to Heidegger's thought. At the same time, Henry Carbone, one of the most important contemporary thinkers, who was also a commentator and translator of Heidegger's works, read the philosophical and theological heritage of ancient Iran, inspired by Heidegger's insights. Alignment and synchronicity, as well as differences between the two cases of the influence of Heidegger's thought, are the subject of the present article. Considering the approach of the two to Heidegger's legacy and the attempt to apply it to the issues of Iranian thought shows that both Fardid and Carbone have entered into discussions with Heidegger from the point of view of expert thinkers and have expanded their intellectual position. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Explaining the religious characteristic in Saadi and Tartushi's governmental thought; Case study of Golestan and Seraj Al-Moluk
Fazel Abbaszadeh Shahram DelshadVarious works have appeared in Persian and Arabic literature that, with a preaching approach, have consulted and guided different segments of the people and tried to strengthen morality and consolidate the civilization of society. Among these groups are sultans and king MoreVarious works have appeared in Persian and Arabic literature that, with a preaching approach, have consulted and guided different segments of the people and tried to strengthen morality and consolidate the civilization of society. Among these groups are sultans and kings whose authors have addressed this group and tried to explain the position of the sultan and his methods of governing, including religious, political, moral, managerial and similar principles. Attention. In "Golestan", Saadi in a special chapter investigates the character of kings and in other chapters, briefly deals with the ethics, merits and equality of this group and mentions their do's and don'ts. Tartoushi also talks about sultans in "Seraj al-Moluk" and states the moral and political principles that the property should be adorned with. This study seeks to specifically examine the role of religious character in Saadi's governmental thought and Tartushi in the three axes of the sultan's position, governmental style, and the concept of government decay. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - A Comparative Study of Moral Vices in Sanaii's Hadighat Al-Haghigha and Saadi's Bustan
Khadijeh Farjadzadeh Javad Mehraban ghezelhesarMoral advice and teachings have always been among the prominent concepts of poetry, and Sanai and Saadi are among the ethic-centered poets. In this study, we have conducted a comparative study of ethical themes in Sanai's "Hadighah al-Haghighah" and Saadi's "Bustan" wit MoreMoral advice and teachings have always been among the prominent concepts of poetry, and Sanai and Saadi are among the ethic-centered poets. In this study, we have conducted a comparative study of ethical themes in Sanai's "Hadighah al-Haghighah" and Saadi's "Bustan" with a content analysis approach. After an introduction to ethics and moral themes, the author has focused on the ideas of Sanai and Saadi in the two works based on the struggle against the soul, and in these areas, verses from the Qur'an, hadiths and poems that has been a proof of this, has been used extensively and it has been considered in the conclusion. In the end, it was achieved that the common axis of the moral teachings of Sanai "Hadighah al-Haghighah" and Saadi "Bustan" was human happiness. With a fluent language and a mystical expression and a Shari'a-oriented view, Sanai invites his audience to observe moral virtues and avoid moral vices in order to reform society. Saadi also calls on his ideal man, in any social order, to fight sensually and morally. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - A Study of the Narrative Discourse of the Story of "The King and the Maid" in Movlavi's Masnavi Based on Propp's Morphological Theory
Maryam Hojjatipour Mehdi Mohammadi NiaStorytelling is a form of narrative that has been conveyed from people to people. In the meantime, the anecdotes of "Masnavi" are an infinite sea of pure human experiences. In the present study, the application of Propp's point of view in the story of "The King and th MoreStorytelling is a form of narrative that has been conveyed from people to people. In the meantime, the anecdotes of "Masnavi" are an infinite sea of pure human experiences. In the present study, the application of Propp's point of view in the story of "The King and the Maid" is examined to find out how to present the anecdotes and their differences and similarities with the usual narratives, the analysis of the story of "The King and the Maid" and the ability to adapt this narrative to Propp's model. This narration is a two-movement narration including 21 functions. The first movement has 16 functions that begin with evil and end with victory. The second movement consists of five functions that start with the need of a maid and end with joiner. Function needs to have the highest frequency with three repetitions, followed by mediation functions; helper action and notification are repeated twice. The findings of this paper indicate that with a slight shift in functions and the omission of others, Propp's theory of Masnavi stories can be extended. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - A Comparative Study of Plant Origin in World Mythology
Zohreh SarmadFrom the myth of creation to death, plants have always had a special position in early human thoughts. The importance of plants in human nutrition, revitalization of nature, connection with the transcendental and the desire to discover the secrets of the material world MoreFrom the myth of creation to death, plants have always had a special position in early human thoughts. The importance of plants in human nutrition, revitalization of nature, connection with the transcendental and the desire to discover the secrets of the material world are the reasons for human relation with nature. The plant origin and god-plant is one of the marks of the Totemizm tribes, who attributed their generation to an animal or plant following mental conflicts about the creation and the afterlife. The view of the cycle of nature, the death and regeneration of plants and their growth along with the body that was buried, made the myths of the creation of plants and God plants more fertile in the mind. The purpose of this study is to study the God-plant and plant origin in the myths of nations and also the reason for the similarity of some of these myths because research in primitive myths due to their similar nature reveals cultural commonalities among societies. The research method in this research is analytical-descriptive. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Adopting the views of Movlavi and Iqbal Lahouri on the issue of the stages of realization of a perfect human being
mohamad bandani Farajullah Barati Goodarz ShateriThere are similarities between the poems of Movlavi and Iqbal Lahori that caused these two great poets to be close to each other. The main question in this article is what is the position of human beings from the point of view of Movlavi and Iqbal Lahouri? Examining the MoreThere are similarities between the poems of Movlavi and Iqbal Lahori that caused these two great poets to be close to each other. The main question in this article is what is the position of human beings from the point of view of Movlavi and Iqbal Lahouri? Examining the poems of these two poets and comparing them in relation to man and its content shows that Movlavi and Iqbal Lahori believe that in the hierarchy of existence, man has entered the world as the last stage of existence, or in other words, it is late in time. But it is considered as the main and ultimate cause of creation and it is considered as the summary of all creatures. Among the commonalities of the views of Movlana and Iqbal Lahori, it is necessary to point out their view of man as a two-dimensional and hierarchical being, the end of the creation of the perfect man, and the superiority of man over other beings. The results indicate that Iqbal Lahouri, in addition to the similarity of his attitude towards Movlana, pays attention to human educational philosophy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Thematic and structure analysis of the political poems of Yousef Al-Khatib and Malek Al-Shoaraye Bahar
Fatemeh Masoomi Sheikh Ahmad Louiy Katayoun Fallahi Tahereh ChaldereStructural and content analysis in language is not merely a superficial representation, but on the contrary, it is an essential part of the meaning conveyed by the poet. This type of analysis, among the types of language use, pays the most attention to language in liter MoreStructural and content analysis in language is not merely a superficial representation, but on the contrary, it is an essential part of the meaning conveyed by the poet. This type of analysis, among the types of language use, pays the most attention to language in literature, and most of the research in this branch of study focuses on identifying literary styles, personal language, and the individual creativity of the author. Yusef Khatib is one of the contemporary Palestinian political poets who were himself a member of the Ba'athist Arab Socialist Party, which has been active in many political activities. His poetry collection is full of political concepts about the Arab world that emphasizes the resistance and stability. The similarities between the poetic concepts of Yusuf al-Khatib and Malek al-Shoaraye Bahar led the writers to discuss their poems from a content and structural point of view. In the present study, the authors examine and critique the data with a descriptive-analytical approach. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - A ray of prayer of Jooshan Kabir in a lyric by Sanai
Razieh SalmanpourIn this article, the effect of Jooshan Kabir's prayer on the lyric of "Maleka, Zekre to Gouyam" by Sanai has been studied. In this sonnet, Sanai is influenced by the verses, narrations and prayers of Jooshan Kabir and like this prayer, he has expressed his prayers with MoreIn this article, the effect of Jooshan Kabir's prayer on the lyric of "Maleka, Zekre to Gouyam" by Sanai has been studied. In this sonnet, Sanai is influenced by the verses, narrations and prayers of Jooshan Kabir and like this prayer, he has expressed his prayers with love towards God in three stages: First, with the praise of God, he has listed 55 attributes of divine beauty and glory. The expression of this amount is a ray of one thousand and one attributes of God in the prayer of Joshan Kabir. After glorifying and purifying God and expressing monotheism, he expresses his inability to describe the infinite essence. In the end, Sanai, unlike the other prayers that are desired by the eternal lover, as a result of this prayer, expresses his request to be freed from the fire of Hell, "Khalasna Men Al-Nar Ya Rab" which is repeated at the end of 100 verses of Joshan Kabir. His poem, like this prayer, contains many moral, spiritual and educational themes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - A Comparative Study of the Ethical Themes of Jarir and Akhtal Contradictions
Hamid Motavalizadeh NaeiniOne of the best ways to recognize the superiority of a poet over his peers is a comparative study of subjects and a study of the cognitive style of their poetry. Jarir and Akhtal, who, like two militant rivals, ridiculed each other throughout their poetic periods and al MoreOne of the best ways to recognize the superiority of a poet over his peers is a comparative study of subjects and a study of the cognitive style of their poetry. Jarir and Akhtal, who, like two militant rivals, ridiculed each other throughout their poetic periods and always tried to discredit their enemy, tried to subdue the opponent to the power of amazing imagination and reasoning by using innovative structures. Make your own literature. The aim of this study was to investigate the content of common moral themes in Jarir and Akhtal violations and to study more than 840 bits in the form of 20 poems by analytical-descriptive method. Based on what is said in examining the differences and similarities of content and style between the two poets, it can be seen that Jarir has been more successful in depicting the theme of humility and avarice than Akhtal, but Akhtal in his descriptions and interest and use of various literary techniques in depicting fear and insecurity has snatched the Jarir. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - A comparative study of the image of Imam Ali (as) regarding generosity with an approach to several literary works
Najmieh Karimi Hossein Azar Payvand Gholamreza Tamimi Tavandashti Generosity is a social movement and a spiritual impulse of the culture and civilization of ancient Iran, which has been influential among the masses since the beginning of the entry of Islamic culture into the vast geography of Iran and it has somehow merged with More Generosity is a social movement and a spiritual impulse of the culture and civilization of ancient Iran, which has been influential among the masses since the beginning of the entry of Islamic culture into the vast geography of Iran and it has somehow merged with Islamic culture. This research has observed the image of Imam Ali (AS) in "Fotovatnameh of Soltani" from Persian literature and "Treatise of Fatwa in Islam", Yusef Ibn Sousha and the book "Al-Sela Bain Sufism and Shi'ism »Kamel Mustafa al-Sheibi, from Arabic literature in a qualitative content analysis method and by referring to the reliable sources and documents of the library. Throughout history, many Shiite and Sunni nobles who believed in the principles of Shari'a and Tariqah, considered Imam Ali (AS) as the leader of the nobles and the strong point of this current of thought. The historical presence and spiritual support of Imam Ali (as) as the leader of generosity caused to be the helper of the poor and to fight against the oppressors with the slogan of La Fati Alla. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Analysis of the Aesthetic Experience of the Body - Schusterman Foundation regarding Spinoza and Leibniz
Hojjat Goodarzi Hossein Ardalani Mohammad Reza SharifzadehPhilosophy from Plato to the postmodern era of Gilles Deleuze has always been more focused and busy with the mind (duality of subject and object) and has had minimal attention to the object (body). From the beginning of the philosophy of aesthetics codified by Alexander MorePhilosophy from Plato to the postmodern era of Gilles Deleuze has always been more focused and busy with the mind (duality of subject and object) and has had minimal attention to the object (body). From the beginning of the philosophy of aesthetics codified by Alexander Bomgarten to the recent study, either little attention has been paid to the body or the root of this idea has been referred to a wrong reference. The present study aims to examine Richard Schusterman's philosophical views on body-foundation aesthetics, and by referring to the diligent aesthetics and the struggle of Leibniz and Spinoza, first of all, investigates the roots of body-foundation aesthetics not in thought of contemporary philosophers such as Merleau-Ponty and Foucault, but in the sphere of Leibniz's monadology and the struggle of Spinoza; And second, it shows that aesthetics is either essentially a physical-emotional matter or not. Thus, the conatus or Spinoza struggle is the root of all movement and body-consciousness, and every bodily object without attention to the conatus suffers from severe deficiency. This study has been done by analytical-comparative method and with library documents. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Alavi's biography in the war regarding Nahj al-Balaghah and the poem of Abd al-Masih al-Antaki
Nematullah HassaniThe personality of Imam Ali (as) is so high that its description has gone beyond the scope of the Shiite religion and has made great scholars from other schools and religions to wonder and bow. Among them is Abd al-Masih Antaki, a contemporary Christian writer and poet MoreThe personality of Imam Ali (as) is so high that its description has gone beyond the scope of the Shiite religion and has made great scholars from other schools and religions to wonder and bow. Among them is Abd al-Masih Antaki, a contemporary Christian writer and poet with a poem in five thousand six hundred verses. This research investigates and reveals the biography and opinion of Imam Hammam and the views of this Christian writer in some important dimensions and examples of war and jihad, including courage, warfare, prudence, vigilance, wise peace and observance of divine principles by exploring the Nahj al-Balaghah and the poems of Abd al-Masih Antaki. According to the Qur'an, since the path of God is the path of human growth, jihad for the sake of God is to place human beings on the path of perfection and growth. Unlike other wars, which are often aimed at the material interests of certain individuals or groups, in the Alavi style or true Islam, the ultimate intention and goal in war is only the pleasure of God. Manuscript profile
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