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Open Access Article
1 - Antifungal effects of some herbal extracts on Penicillium mould of citrus in laboratory conditions
Somayeh Gholchinno Behnam Pouzeshimiyab Sevil NematollahiLong time interval between harvesting and the consumption of citrus causes a lot of waste through fungal diseases, including citrus green mould, by Penicillium digitatum. One of the most recent methods to control post-harvest diseases is the use of plant extracts. This MoreLong time interval between harvesting and the consumption of citrus causes a lot of waste through fungal diseases, including citrus green mould, by Penicillium digitatum. One of the most recent methods to control post-harvest diseases is the use of plant extracts. This research was conducted on the antifungal activity of four herbs of Achillea millefolium, Allium schoenoprasum, Stachys lavandulifolia and Thymus vulgaris on citrus green mould in laboratory level. Plant extract was done using methanolic extracts. The inhibitory effect of extracts at concentration 250, 500, 750 and 1000 ppm on the mycelium growth and conidia germination of fungi was carried out in potato- dextrose- Agar culture medium. This experiment was studied in a completely randomized factorial model. The results showed that the effect of some herbal extracts on the percentage control of citrus greenmould was significantly different at .01 probability level, so that the extracts of Thyme and chive in concentrations of 1000 ppm had inhibitory growth of 100 and 28.06 percent respectively. Also, it was determined that, methanolic extracts of chive and thyme completely inhibited germination of P. digitatum conidia in concentration of 1000 ppm. The results of the study showed that the extracts of thyme and chive in respective concentration of 1000 ppm are good choices for studying the control of Penicillium mould in storage conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The effect of methanol and ethanol foliar application on essential oil composition of peppermint
Hassan Nourafcan Zahra Kalantari Fatemeh SefidkonMentha spp. are the main source of menthol essential oils. Medicinal plants sprayed with alcohols such as methanol and ethanol may cause vegetative growth and secondary metabolites improvement. The current study was carried out to evaluate ethanol and methanol foliar ap MoreMentha spp. are the main source of menthol essential oils. Medicinal plants sprayed with alcohols such as methanol and ethanol may cause vegetative growth and secondary metabolites improvement. The current study was carried out to evaluate ethanol and methanol foliar application efficiency on peppermint essential oils composition at Medicinal Plant Research Farm of Islamic Azad University, Miyaneh Branch based on randomized complete block design. One month aged peppermint plantlets were sprayed by 10, 20, 30 and 40% (v/v) ethanol and methanol aqueous solutions repeated twice two and four weeks after. The plants were harvested in flowering stage and their essential oils were extracted using hydro-distillation. The essential oils composition was specified using GC and GC-MS techniques. All phytochemicals in peppermint essential oils were significantly affected by hydroalcoholic solutions application but transpulegol, cis-pulegol, menthyl acetate, e-caryophyllene, α-himochalene and germacrene D. Plants sprayed by upper than 10% hydroalcohol solutions contained more menthol, significantly. Moreover, menthol amount was in higher values in the case of methanol application than ethanol. However, most of phytochemicals of peppermint were effectively promoted using ethanol 30%. Also, menthone and isomenthone negatively affected by methanol spraying in peppermint. Therefore, considering current research findings, methanol spraying is recommending to increase peppermint essence quality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Relationship among quantitative and qualitative traits in rice genotypes using stepwise regression model in Khuzestan region
kaveh Limouchi Ataollah Siyadat Mehrdad Yarnia Abdolali Gilani Varahram RashidiTo evaluate the relationship between quantitative and qualitative traits and also reproductive traits and grain yield in12 rice genotypes, an experiment was conducted based on random complete block design in Khuzestan province, Iran. The results of stepwise regression s MoreTo evaluate the relationship between quantitative and qualitative traits and also reproductive traits and grain yield in12 rice genotypes, an experiment was conducted based on random complete block design in Khuzestan province, Iran. The results of stepwise regression showed that the length, the filled, unfilled grain and panicle primary branches also cooking quality, broken rice rate, grain length, bran percentage, grain length after cooking, elongation rate and gel consistency had the most significant changes in the grain yield. The panicle length had the highest positive and significant impact on grain yield due to positive relationship between panicle length and growth space. Also, amount of broken rice had the most negative impact on grain yield due to the reduction of grain qualitative characteristics which can be the main and important goal of breeding studies. Finally, it is recommended that to gain maximum seed yield, research is needed to reduce competition and increase volume and number of seeds to improve panicle length. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Biodiversity of agronomical crops in Sistan and Balouchestan Province, Iran
Mahdi Javadzadeh Mansoor SaljooghianpourThis research was conducted to assess the biodiversity of crops, cropping area, species richness, and biodiversity indices in Sistan & Balouchestan province, Iran. Agronomic crops are classified into eight groups including cereals, legumes, forage plants, oilseeds, MoreThis research was conducted to assess the biodiversity of crops, cropping area, species richness, and biodiversity indices in Sistan & Balouchestan province, Iran. Agronomic crops are classified into eight groups including cereals, legumes, forage plants, oilseeds, patch products, vegetables, industrial plants, medicinal herbs and spices. A great biodiversity of agronomic crops were found in different cities of the province. In the studied areas, enrichment of species in Iranshahr, Khash and Chabahar was 30, 25, and 17 respectively; also the value of Shannon-Wiener index and species uniformity were 1.22 and 0.32, respectively for the whole province. The Shannon-Wiener biodiversity index for medicinal herbs and forage plants were 1.90 and 0.39, respectively. The uniformity index of crops of Iranshahr was 0.11 and Chabahar was 0.1. Therefore, Sistan & Balouchestan Province was relatively well-positioned in terms of the diversity of crop species. However, relatively small planting in the cities was relatively low. Due to the climate characteristics of this province, it is possible to cultivate various forage and industrial species. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - The effect of seed-priming on germination indices and photosynthetic and carotenoids pigments of summer savory under calcium chloride stress condition
Ali Pourreza Heshmat OmidiGermination is an important step in seedling establishment and plays a key role in plant production. Environmental stresses such as salinity are a serious threat to the production of agriculture products, yield and active ingredients of medicinal plants. This experiment MoreGermination is an important step in seedling establishment and plays a key role in plant production. Environmental stresses such as salinity are a serious threat to the production of agriculture products, yield and active ingredients of medicinal plants. This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of seed priming on germination parameters of Satureja hortensis under calcium chloride salinity stress (control, 40, 80 and 120 mM). The experiment was conducted in a completely randomized design (CRD) with a factorial arrangement. The pre-primings including control, hydro-priming, KNO3 with concentration of 0.3 Percent and GA3 with concentration of 500 ppm for 12 hours at temperature below 15 °C was carried out. The best homogeneity of time germination, the highest fresh weight and dry weight of the Satureja plant were observed in primed with KNO3. Hydro-priming treatment had the best germination rate and germ velocity coefficient. By increasing the salinity treatment up 120 mM, the germination time was delayed to 4.62 days and the germination rate decreased to 0.22 g per day and no produced the normal seedling. Generally, the reducing in plant growth and content of photosynthetic pigments and carotenoid pigments such as chlorophyll of leaf seedlings occurred at high salinity levels (80 mM up) happened. Therefore, based on the present study, we can uses seed pre-treatment with potassium nitrate or gibberellic acid to increase plant tolerance to salinity in step germination and seedling establishment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Insecticidal activity of tarragon, common and field wormwood essential oils against green peach aphid
Zahra Jafari Soleiman Jamshidi hassan nourafcanArtemisia species are historically considered as highly potential insecticidal plants used for tackling harmful house insects. The essential oils of three Artemisia species including A. dracunculus, A. campestris and A. austriaca spelendes essential oils were extracted MoreArtemisia species are historically considered as highly potential insecticidal plants used for tackling harmful house insects. The essential oils of three Artemisia species including A. dracunculus, A. campestris and A. austriaca spelendes essential oils were extracted by maceration using Clevenger apparatus. The Artemisia species essential oil yields were measured and volatile chemical compounds were identified by MS gaschromatography method. The insecticidal activity of essential oils was determined by bioassay methods against green peach aphid during 12 hours with concentrations of 62, 125, 250 and 500 ppm and 1, 2, 4, 6 recording mortality rate every other two hours. The essential oils yield of tarragon, common and field wormwood were determined as 6.8, 4, and 3.9 ml/kg plant biomass, respectively. Also, 6, 8, and 16 volatile chemical compounds were identified from tarragon, common and field wormwood , respectively. The main compounds for the three species were as follows methyl-cavicole, cis-osimen and limonene in A. dracunculus, 1,8-cineol and 3,5-peptadin 2-ol in A. campestris camphor, and beta-thujan, caryophyllen oxide, alpha thujan, 1,3-Cineol and caryophyllen in A. austriaca. All of the three plant essential oils showed a considerable mortality rate against green peach aphid while aphidicidal activity of tarragon was considerably higher than the other two species. The amounts of 50 percentage mortality rates of tarragon, common and field wormwood were lower than 62, 382, and 576 ppm, respectively. Therefore, essential oils of tarragon on peach green aphid can be considered as safe natural products and a substitution as dangerous chemicals in agricultural crops. Manuscript profile
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