Antifungal effects of some herbal extracts on Penicillium mould of citrus in laboratory conditions
Subject Areas :
Agroecology Journal
Somayeh Gholchinno
1
(Department of Plant Pathology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran)
Behnam Pouzeshimiyab
2
(Department of Plant Pathology, Marand Branch, Islamic Azad University, Marand, Iran)
Sevil Nematollahi
3
(Department of Plant Pathology, Tabriz Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tabriz, Iran)
Received: 2017-08-03
Accepted : 2018-07-17
Published : 2018-08-23
Keywords:
plant extract,
Penicillium digitatum,
natural control,
mycelium inhibition,
spore inhibitor,
Abstract :
Long time interval between harvesting and the consumption of citrus causes a lot of waste through fungal diseases, including citrus green mould, by Penicillium digitatum. One of the most recent methods to control post-harvest diseases is the use of plant extracts. This research was conducted on the antifungal activity of four herbs of Achillea millefolium, Allium schoenoprasum, Stachys lavandulifolia and Thymus vulgaris on citrus green mould in laboratory level. Plant extract was done using methanolic extracts. The inhibitory effect of extracts at concentration 250, 500, 750 and 1000 ppm on the mycelium growth and conidia germination of fungi was carried out in potato- dextrose- Agar culture medium. This experiment was studied in a completely randomized factorial model. The results showed that the effect of some herbal extracts on the percentage control of citrus greenmould was significantly different at .01 probability level, so that the extracts of Thyme and chive in concentrations of 1000 ppm had inhibitory growth of 100 and 28.06 percent respectively. Also, it was determined that, methanolic extracts of chive and thyme completely inhibited germination of P. digitatum conidia in concentration of 1000 ppm. The results of the study showed that the extracts of thyme and chive in respective concentration of 1000 ppm are good choices for studying the control of Penicillium mould in storage conditions.
References:
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Alilou H, Akssira M, Hassani L, Chebli B, El hakmoui A, Mellouki F, Rouhi R, Boira H, Blàzquez MA (2008) Chemical composition and antifungal activity of Bubonium imbricatum volatile oil. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 47: 3-10.
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Askarne L, Talibi I, Boubaker H, Boudyach EH, Msanda F, Saadi B, Serghini MA, Ait Ben Aoumar A (2012) In vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of several Moroccan plants against Penicillium italicum, the causal agent of citrus blue mold. Crop Protection 40: 53-58
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Gatto MA, Sanzani SM, Tardia P, LinsalataV, Pieralice M, SergioL, Di Vener D (2013) Antifungal activity of total and fractionated phenolic extracts from two wild edible herbs. Natural Science 5(8): 895-902.
Ghassan JK, Rasha AA (2008) In vitro antifungal activities of various plant crude extracts and fractions against citrus post-harvest disease agent Penicillium digitatum. Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences 1(3):89-99.
Ghazei Motlagh S, Jahanbakhsh V, Tehranifar A, Aroiee H (2014) Effect of some essential oils on spore germination and colony growth of Penicillium digitatum during in vitro culture. Journal of plant Protection 28(1): 28-35 [in Persian with English abstract]
Kanan GJ, Al-Najar RA (2008) In vitro antifungal activities of various plant crude extracts and fractions against citrus post-harvest disease agent Penicillium digitatum. Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences 1: 89-99.
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Soylu EM, Tok FM, Soylu S, Kaya AD, Evrendilek G (2005) Antifungal activities of essential oils on postharvest disease agent Penicillium digitatum. Pakistan Journal of Biological Science 8: 25-29.
Suleiman MN (2011) Antifungal properties of leaf extract of neem and tobacco on three fungal pathogens of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill). Advances in Applied Science Research2: 217-220.
Talibi I, Askarne L, Boubaker H, Boudyach EH, Msanda F, Saadi B, Ait Ben Aoumar A (2012) Antifungal activity of some Moroccan plants against Geotrichum candidum, causal agent of postharvest citrus sour rot. Crop Protection 35: 41-46.
Tripathi P, Dubey NK (2004) Exploitation of natural products as an alternative strategy to control postharvest fungal rotting of fruit and vegetables. PostharvestBiology and Technology 32: 235-245.
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Abdolmaleki M, Bahraminejad S, Salari M, Abbasi S, Panjeke N (2011) Antifungal activity of peppermint (Mentha piperita L.) on phytopathogenic fungi. Journal of Medical Plant 10(38): 26-34. [in Persian with English abstract]
Alilou H, Akssira M, Hassani L, Chebli B, El hakmoui A, Mellouki F, Rouhi R, Boira H, Blàzquez MA (2008) Chemical composition and antifungal activity of Bubonium imbricatum volatile oil. Phytopathologia Mediterranea 47: 3-10.
Arras G, Usai M (2001) Fungitoxic activity of 12 essential Oils against four postharvest citrus pathogens: chemical analysis of Thymus capitatus oil and its effect in sub atmospheric pressure conditions. Journal of Food Protection 64: 1025-1029.
Askarne L, Talibi I, Boubaker H, Boudyach EH, Msanda F, Saadi B, Serghini MA, Ait Ben Aoumar A (2012) In vitro and in vivo antifungal activity of several Moroccan plants against Penicillium italicum, the causal agent of citrus blue mold. Crop Protection 40: 53-58
Boubaker H, Saadi B, Boudyach EH, Ait Ben Aoumar A (2009) Sensitivity of Penicillium digitatum and P. italicum to Imazalil and Thianbendazole in Morocco. The Plant Patholology Journal 8: 152-158.
Brown GE, Miller WR (1999) Maintaining fruit health after harvest. In: Timmer L, Duncan L. (eds). Citrus Health Management. APS Press: St. Paul 175-188.
Foroughi M, Mohammadi S, Ghasemi A (2013) Antifungal activity of five medical herbs on the plant pathogenic fungus Rhizoctonia solani. Journal of Microbial World 5(13): 115-121. [in Persian with English abstract]
Gatto MA, Ippolito A, Linsalata V, Cascarano NA, Nigro F, Vanadia S, Di Venere D (2011) Activity of extracts from wild edible herbs against postharvest fungal diseases of fruit and vegetables. PostharvestBiology and Technology 61: 72-82.
Gatto MA, Sanzani SM, Tardia P, LinsalataV, Pieralice M, SergioL, Di Vener D (2013) Antifungal activity of total and fractionated phenolic extracts from two wild edible herbs. Natural Science 5(8): 895-902.
Ghassan JK, Rasha AA (2008) In vitro antifungal activities of various plant crude extracts and fractions against citrus post-harvest disease agent Penicillium digitatum. Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences 1(3):89-99.
Ghazei Motlagh S, Jahanbakhsh V, Tehranifar A, Aroiee H (2014) Effect of some essential oils on spore germination and colony growth of Penicillium digitatum during in vitro culture. Journal of plant Protection 28(1): 28-35 [in Persian with English abstract]
Kanan GJ, Al-Najar RA (2008) In vitro antifungal activities of various plant crude extracts and fractions against citrus post-harvest disease agent Penicillium digitatum. Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences 1: 89-99.
Mohammadi A, Nazari H, Imani S, Amrollahi H (2014) Antifungal activities and chemical composition of some medicinal plants. Journal de Mycologie Médicale 24(2):1-8.
Ortiz-Hernandez YD, Carrilo-Salazar JAO (2012) Pitahaya (Hylocereus spp.): a short review. Comunicaciones Science 3: 220-237.
Pitt J, Hocking A (2009) Fungi and Food Spoilage. Springer: New York.
Plotto A, Roberts D, Roberts RG (2003) Evaluation of plant essential oils as natural post-harvest disease control of tomato. Acta Horticulturae 628: 737-745.
Sajjadi SA, Assemi H (2014) Study of antifungal activity of plant extracts of catmin, tobacco and thyme on tobacco pathogens. Biological Control of Pest and Plant Diseases 3(1): 41-52. [in Persian with English abstract]
Samson AR, Frisvad CJ (2004) Penicillium subgenus Penicillium: New taxonomic schemes, mycotoxins and other extrolites. Studies in Mycology 49: 1–266.
Soylu EM, Tok FM, Soylu S, Kaya AD, Evrendilek G (2005) Antifungal activities of essential oils on postharvest disease agent Penicillium digitatum. Pakistan Journal of Biological Science 8: 25-29.
Suleiman MN (2011) Antifungal properties of leaf extract of neem and tobacco on three fungal pathogens of tomato (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill). Advances in Applied Science Research2: 217-220.
Talibi I, Askarne L, Boubaker H, Boudyach EH, Msanda F, Saadi B, Ait Ben Aoumar A (2012) Antifungal activity of some Moroccan plants against Geotrichum candidum, causal agent of postharvest citrus sour rot. Crop Protection 35: 41-46.
Tripathi P, Dubey NK (2004) Exploitation of natural products as an alternative strategy to control postharvest fungal rotting of fruit and vegetables. PostharvestBiology and Technology 32: 235-245.
Yahya-abadi S, Rezaimand Z, Valivand M (2009) Effects of garlic and onion plant extracts on growth some pathogenic fungi. Final project report, Islamic Azad University- Flavarjan Branch: Flavarjan, Iran. [in Persian]
