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Open Access Article
1 - Obstacles and Challenges in Implementation of the E-Municipality (Case study: Abyek Municipality, Qazvin)
sara sheikhbaklooo - Zahra Rajai Background: Nowadays, the municipality is one of the most important institutions of urban management in social and political structures which is influenced by the information and communication revolution. ICT is considered as a powerful tool for acceleration of an More Background: Nowadays, the municipality is one of the most important institutions of urban management in social and political structures which is influenced by the information and communication revolution. ICT is considered as a powerful tool for acceleration of and instant access to the e-municipality. The e-municipality and utilization of ICT by public sector can be coordinated in order for becoming exclusive service provider, encouraging the citizens to participate more in decision making and creating an increase in accountability, transparency and effectiveness components in government. Purpose: In this research, while the theoretical foundations of the e-municipality were being investigated, the proper establishment of ICT (along with solving the challenges and obstacles in this area) was considered as a powerful tool for access to the e-municipality. Method: Purpose wise, the study is classified as applied research and in terms of data collection the study is considered as descriptive research survey. Data collection method was cross sectional via questionnaire. The statistical population consisted of all of the employees and managers in Abyek among whom the questionnaire was distributed. In order for data analysis, SPSS and SmartPLS were utilized and measurement model was evaluated via partial least squares regression technique and SmartPLS. Results: Because the T value for the research paths is greater than 1.96, It can be concluded that all of the paths were significant with error margin of 0.05. Results indicates that the implementation of ICT (through solving the challenges and problems identified in the field of IT) has a positive impact on e-municipality with respect to employees and managers in the Abyek. In addition, all the indicators of the measurement model and the corresponding hypotheses paths were confirmed. Conclusion: Due to significant amount of problems identified in the field of IT in developing countries which have led to unresponsive implementation e-city models, these countries by solving these challenges are required to develop their own particular model for the implementation of e-city Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The Role of Urban Structure in Resiliency Against Earthquake
هاله سادات نبوی رضوی Sayed Mohsen Habibi منوچهر طبیبیانIn contemporary cities, quantitative and qualitative problems have been increasing unprecedentedly. Cities as the most complex man-made structure are facing with a wide variety of risks and numerous vulnerabilities. Disasters, whether caused by humans or nature, impose MoreIn contemporary cities, quantitative and qualitative problems have been increasing unprecedentedly. Cities as the most complex man-made structure are facing with a wide variety of risks and numerous vulnerabilities. Disasters, whether caused by humans or nature, impose significant threats to sustainability. Specifically natural disasters and its impacts on the environment can lead to catastrophes that are often irreversible. Earthquake is one of the major unpleasant natural tragedies which unfortunately produces a huge destruction in a very short period of time and as a result so many suffering and devastation appears in the cities. Resiliency as an emerging concept in urban development, is a new approach to design flexible cities to confront shocks and vibrations that provides vulnerability reduction in cities against the stress and shocks. In fact, Resilience has become an important goal for cities particularly in the face of earthquakes. This concept which was adapted from ecological sciences, imagines cities like living organisms which in face of a variety of stresses, should be released or otherwise it fails and the system breaks down. Furthermore, Main urban structure of a city is an important factor in organized cities on the ground that recognition of it will help urban planners and designers to plan networks, main elements and spaces for cities. Urban structure is composed of sets of main axis and interconnected networks of land-use and various and different urban elements that cause integrity in a city. This structure extends its components in whole of a city and it is a basis for cities spatial-physical organization. It represents the cities general characteristics. Due to the fact that size of city, complexity and multiple issues, urban planners and designers can concentrate on urban structure instead of focusing on all of components in a city and it can helps them to find solutions more easily. This paper aims to re-examine the characteristic of urban main structure and its relationship with resiliency against natural disasters like earthquakes. Community actions in cities are always affected by urban form and structures. Physical structures of cities have drastic effects on the occurring of phenomena and community reaction. It should be regarded as an important point in the face of disasters like an earthquake. The main questions of the paper are: what is the urban structure and what are its dimensions? Is there any relationship between urban structure and changing the level of resiliency against earthquakes in cities? Therefore, urban structure and its dimensions should be surveyed. In the first step, this research aims to explain urban structure and its important dimensions based on expert's opinions. In the second step, resiliency definitions in different domains are investigated. Next, different type of resiliency conceptual patterns which are engineering, multi-equilibria and ecological are explained, and the most appropriate one for cities are selected in connection with urban structure. Finally, the relationship between the urban structure and the level of resiliency on it will be investigated and it shows that it’s possible to enhance the resilience of cities through design or redesigning urban structures. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Typology of Sustainable Urban Form and Urban Structure, With a view to Tehran
azadeh gharaei Esfandiar Zebardast Hamid MajediUrban form and spatial structure are important aspects for city surveying and its analysis. Literature review on the concepts of spatial structure, urban form, pattern of the city and etc. indicates variety and diversity of opinion in these areas. Some of the reasons fo MoreUrban form and spatial structure are important aspects for city surveying and its analysis. Literature review on the concepts of spatial structure, urban form, pattern of the city and etc. indicates variety and diversity of opinion in these areas. Some of the reasons for differences in the definition of these concepts as follows: the difference in scales and areas of research, different ways of words translating, different semantic content for similar indicators, view of planner or designer and etc. So the author is looking for detailed analysis and explanation of the concepts of urban form and urban spatial structure. we can find out that the urban spatial structure and urban form in some parts and some variables such as natural landscape, transport infrastructure, communication networks, spatial pattern of land use, morphology of housing, density and etc. have overlaps, but not completely overlapping or following. In other words, if we classify the definitions of these two concepts into three levels: the macro level (metropolitan areas), middle level (cities and regions) and micro levels (neighborhoods and neighborhoods units), at the middle level, the implications of these two concepts have overlaps, so in this scale, the two concepts cab be equated. However at the macro level, the components of urban spatial structure and at the micro level, the elements of urban form can be clearer to explain the issue. Although some researchers use urban spatial structure for micro scale or urban form for macro scale, but in this article, by analysis of comments of majority of experts, it has been argued that the concepts of urban form and urban spatial structure at the middle scale equally, the components of urban form at the micro scale and the elements and variables of urban spatial structure at the macro scale can repaint the nature of urban development issues with a more accurate method. On the other hand, urban form and spatial structure of the city are known as one of the most important sources of environmental, economic and social instability. There are many ways to achieve a sustainable future for urban and regional scales. In this research with an analytical view, the author want to identify how urban form and spatial structure affect Tehran sustainability. In this research, after collecting information and analyzing the spatial layers, using the K-Means Clustering Model and the softwares of GIS and Python, we classified the 22 districts of Tehran into six clusters based on the urban-form and urban spatial structure indicators in the middle scale. The similarities between the form and spatial structure indicators in each of these categories make such categorization and typology meaningful. Also we classified these districts into six clusters besed on the urban sustainability indexes by using K-Means Clustering Model The overlap of clustering in Tehran's districts based on the form and spatial structure indicators and on the basis of sustainability indicators, shows urban form and urban spatial structure factors affect sustainability directly. Determining the extent of this relationship will be important in future research. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Identification and analysis of key factors of transportation-based development with emphasis on the metropolitan structure of Tabriz
Arezou Karimi Rahnama Mahsa Faramrzi Asli Siroos Jamali Dariush SattarzadehIncreasing population and car growth, rapid and industrial development of big cities, formation of new and suburban cities around big cities due to not following a suitable model and standard of urban, and regional development, has added to the problems and complexities MoreIncreasing population and car growth, rapid and industrial development of big cities, formation of new and suburban cities around big cities due to not following a suitable model and standard of urban, and regional development, has added to the problems and complexities of life in these cities . And the combination of these factors has drawn the attention of urban thinkers to the presentation of a new idea of development based on transportation-oriented development, the basic principles of which have been based on the development of public transportation and the mixing of uses. In this regard, the purpose of this study is to identify the key variables of transportation-based development of the extract derived from the foundation data method, based on which to identify the most effective and influential variables involved in this development. Accordingly, 10 key influential factors include comprehensive transportation studies, culture of using public transport, increasing land value, mixing land uses and stations, increasing household income, increasing employment and services, private sector cooperation, and Government and local people, space-driven car design, type and function of corridors and stations, transportation demand management 15 very influential key elements including spatial unity and balance of uses, comprehensive transportation studies, public safety, culture of using public transport, increasing the value of land, eco-based and humane design of places, non-motorized transportation, Transportation demand management, public and open spaces and recreation that have the most role in the future of TOD development in the city of Tabriz were selected. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - The effects of good urban governance and social trust in improving the old urban structure(Case study: district 15 of Tehran megacity)
Saeid Aman poor Omid LatifiIntroduction and purpose of the study: effective factors in the society influence the improvement of urban old structures that good urban governance and good urban management and also social trust in the city and neighborhoods is also one of these influential factors. MoreIntroduction and purpose of the study: effective factors in the society influence the improvement of urban old structures that good urban governance and good urban management and also social trust in the city and neighborhoods is also one of these influential factors. The present study with the purpose of evaluating the interaction of good urban governance and social trust in improving the quality of old urban structures of the 15 district of Tehran megacity with determination of the relation of the 6 dimensions; clarity, cooperation, regulatory, responsivity, application and justice, are being evaluated. Method: the methodology of the study therefore is the descriptive-correlative method and the people under study are the inhabitants of the 15 district of Tehran. Findings: amongst the aspects related to urban governance, the justice aspect with the meaningfulness coefficient equal to 99% and the Beta coefficient equal to 0.334 has the most share and effectivity in improving the quality of urban old structures of the district 15 of Tehran megacity. Conclusion: amongst the aspects related to urban governance, the justice aspect with the meaningfulness coefficient equal to 99% and Beta coefficient equal to 0.334 has the most share and effectivity on improvement of old urban structures that amongst the principals related to social trust, the sense of security in not crowded principal with the Beta coefficient equal to 0.943 has the most effectivity on improvement of old urban structures’ quality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Islamic Civilization and urban structures in sa’di’s works
Ali Zakeri -
Open Access Article
7 - Assessing the Urban Structure Cohesion based on Principles of Integration with Space Syntax Technique: A Case Study of Central Area of Mashhad
Toktam Hanaye Fahime Jameie Seyed Moslem SeyedAlHosseini -
Open Access Article
8 - Investigating the effect of waqf on the bodies of Islamic cities (Miami case study)
zeynab karkeabadi mehdi asghariIs a traditional Islamic dedication, according to which individuals and legal entities give part or all of their property to a state or private organization. This tradition has gained ground in Islamic ideology and has played a significant role in the development of Isl MoreIs a traditional Islamic dedication, according to which individuals and legal entities give part or all of their property to a state or private organization. This tradition has gained ground in Islamic ideology and has played a significant role in the development of Islamic cities. According to their worldview, The environment has always been interactive and influenced by each other. The effect of the worldview derived from religion on the creation of geographic landslides, especially in Islamic cities, has been of great importance. The waqf phenomenon as one of the forces of the city of Afarin and the facade of the Iranian-Islamic cities has had a great influence on shaping human artifacts and the formation of the physical spaces of cities. The endowment lands have also been influenced by their impact on the physical development of cities, as they have become out of the state during the physical development of the city (bayer, agriculture, gardens, etc.) and turned into urban texture. In this article, the city of Miami is considered as a small town in the province of Semnan, the main part of which is the endowment. By converting the city as the city center, the city quickly expanded and the lands of the endowment of agriculture changed their nature and turned into new urban landscapes. This paper tries to explore the role of waqf in shaping the general space of Islamic cities, especially the studied city, by relying on the field method and using the GIS technique. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Speed Up, Slow Down or Both? Investigating the Contemporary Cities
Azadeh Pourtazak Seyed Hossein Bahrainy Mohammad Naghizadeh -
Open Access Article
10 - The Role of Irrigation System in Shaping Urban Planning in Safavid Cities, an Investigation into Ashraf al-Belād, Iran
Samira Mansouri Roudkoli Eisa Esfanjary Kenari homa Irani Behbahani -
Open Access Article
11 - LA-Based Approaches to Infer Urban Structure from Traffic Dynamics Considering Costs
Hamid Yasinian Mansour Esmaeilpour -
Open Access Article
12 - Evaluation of the effect of the urban structure of the Corridors (functional Corridors) on the travel patterns of citizens with regard to the goals and motivations of a travel (case study: zone 1 city of Hamadan)
yaser hatami Kianoosh zaker haghighi hadi Rezaei radOne of the main components of the urban structure of the constituent urban topics (urban passages) that are a lot of plays in the city play a space agency. In fact, the proper relationship between the creation of the shbakhhai platform communication, space and human act MoreOne of the main components of the urban structure of the constituent urban topics (urban passages) that are a lot of plays in the city play a space agency. In fact, the proper relationship between the creation of the shbakhhai platform communication, space and human activity. Generally in most urban environments of urban rational choice under each passenger, decides to travel with the different options, and with the aim of doing a specific activity of an origin and a destination, select it with the determination of the optimal path (from your perspective) tends to move it. This research study sought to analyze the impact that functional axes according to the goals and motivations of a journey on the pattern of a journey of citizens in the region to create a city of Hamadan has a positive step in the direction of an integrated transport system design. Applied research and methods it is descriptive-analytical. Applied research and its analytical method is descriptive-sample size for three- functional Corridors. we in the region of Hamadan using a formula (to determine the sample size when the size of the community is unknown) to arrange equal (Shariati 225, mirzadeh Eshghi 290, saeidieh 265 ). Also a simple random sampling method. For the analysis of SPSS software (analysis of variance and regression analysis). The results of the study suggest that the greatest influence on the performance of selected topics between the pattern of a journey of citizens according to the test (HMR) taken with the amount of (Beta=. 971) access function. Thus according to results achieved action for integrating public transport system and land on the three axes are connected in the framework of the ABC system has been proposed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Measuring the Vulnerability of Urban Structures from the Point of View of Passive Defense during the Crisis (Case Study: Gomishan City)
Hassan Hosseini Amini Hossein Mousazadeh Amir Bakhshi Reza SarliThroughout history, human beings have experienced the scenes of war and military adventures, and less land has survived from this pest. It is imperative and inevitable to strengthen the urban defense facilities, to set up risk aversion routes, to improve the status of s MoreThroughout history, human beings have experienced the scenes of war and military adventures, and less land has survived from this pest. It is imperative and inevitable to strengthen the urban defense facilities, to set up risk aversion routes, to improve the status of services that are necessary at the time of defense. In this perspective, the human effort to survive has to be equipped with threats. The city is a dense human habitat, which, due to human presence, needs security and safety in all its physical, social, economic, and cultural dimensions. Based on the importance of the subject, the present study is based on the developmental-applied approach and a combination of research methods A descriptive-analytical study of the subject in Gomishan city has been analyzed by providing a city method and effective urban elements in the field of passive defense from the perspective of distance from the center of the city of Gomishan, which seeks to reduce the potential damage caused by human hazards. And natural in the city. The occurrence of natural and human events will cause heavy casualties in the cities. The issue of paying attention to the dimensions of harm and the disassembly of standards will inevitably make the city more comfortable from the perspective of passive defense in order to identify vulnerable elements with a passive defense approach. The city of Gomishan, according to previous studies in this field Neither hierarchical method was used. In this regard, after the identification of the criteria Manuscript profile
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