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Open Access Article
1 - Histopathological survey of trichomoniasis lesions in the infected turkey and pigeons in Zabol district
Samiee, A., Shariati, F., Nabavi, R., Davari, S.A. .The present study was conducted to determine the prevalence and histopathological lesions comparison of trichomoniasis in the pigeons and turkeys. During this research (from March to August 2014) for detection of Trichomonas gallinae, a total of 300 wet swab samples wer MoreThe present study was conducted to determine the prevalence and histopathological lesions comparison of trichomoniasis in the pigeons and turkeys. During this research (from March to August 2014) for detection of Trichomonas gallinae, a total of 300 wet swab samples were collected from pigeon’s and turkey’s crops. Of the 150 pigeons, 72.7% (n =109) and 150 turkeys, 0.7% (n =1) were infected with T. gallinae. Chi-square test showed a significant difference in the prevalence of the disease in turkeys and pigeons (P <0.001). At necropsy in 6 infected pigeons (5.5%) caseous necrosis and grayish–yellow diphtheritic membranes were characterized in the mouth, esophagus, crop and proventriculus. In the infected turkey, pendulous crop and stench mouth were macroscopically noticeable. The disease in pigeons was more prominent and contained severe macroscopic and microscopic lesions in the oral cavity, esophagus, crop, gizzard and liver but in the turkey microscopic lesions were confined in the esophagus, crop and liver. Histopathologically, oval eosinophilic structures with basophilic nuclei, recognized as trichomonads, were pathognomonic in the liver of infected turkey. Gross and histopathological study revealed a lower prevalence and milder lesions of trichomoniasis comparatively in turkeys than in the pigeons. It was also noted that the prevalence of the contamination in pigeons of Sistan region is more significant than many parts of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Analysis of the effect of plan geometry and capabilities of traditional architects on the typology of the architectural form of Isfahan Dove Towers
Afrooz Rahimi Ariaei Nima ValibeigBackground and Objective: Dove towers have outstanding architectural, structural and decorative characteristics. Geometric and typological examination of dove towers not only paves the way to understand Persian traditional architecture, but also prevents these environme MoreBackground and Objective: Dove towers have outstanding architectural, structural and decorative characteristics. Geometric and typological examination of dove towers not only paves the way to understand Persian traditional architecture, but also prevents these environment-friendly structures from being forgotten. According to the authors, there is a direct relationship between the creativity of traditional architects, proportions, form and size of the plan, with different types of dove towers in Isfahan. Accordingly, the present study aimed to analyze the final form of dove towers in Isfahan from the aspect of geometric features. Historically, certain foreign travelers have described some of the dove towers in Isfahan. Some travelers have also made attempt to describe them physically and structurally. This study will provide a comprehensive typology of dove towers from a geometric perspective.Method: The methodology has been descriptive, comparative and analytic in nature. Also, data were collected based on library sources and field studies. Findings: It was found that there is a significant relationship between height and the number of floors, the diameter of the dove towers, the middle cylinders and its wall thickness. The shapes, the geometry of the body and the various dimensions of the plan on the one hand and the creativity of the architects on the other hand, have created different volumes in the structure of the pigeon houses in Isfahan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The detection of virulence genes of shigatoxin and intimin from Escherichia coli isolated from a pigeon with gastrointestinal symptoms: a case report
Majid Gholami-Ahangarn mehrdad Ostadpour Anita KhaniBackground & Aim : Escherichia coli (E. coli) is found as a flora in the digestive tract of all warm-blooded animals, including pigeons. This bacterium has many virulent genes including shigatoxin and intimin. Intimin is responsible for binding E. coli to intestinal MoreBackground & Aim : Escherichia coli (E. coli) is found as a flora in the digestive tract of all warm-blooded animals, including pigeons. This bacterium has many virulent genes including shigatoxin and intimin. Intimin is responsible for binding E. coli to intestinal mucosal cells, and shigatoxin causes cell death. The aim of recent study was to investigate the presence of these virulence genes in E. coli isolated from a case of gastrointestinal infection in pigeons in order to determine the possibility of pathogenic E. coli with origin of pigeons in humans. Materials and Methods: In this regard, to identify virulent genes in E. coli isolated from diarrheic pigeon, a cloaca swab was prepared from a pigeon with diarrhea symptoms. After microbial culture and purification, the infection to E. coli was confirmed by biochemical examinations. Then, DNA was extracted by boiling method and hemolysin, intimin and sub unites of shigatoxin (stx1 & stx2) genes were detected. The target genes were identified by specific primers based on amplification of target genes with specific fragment lengths (165, 890, 614 and 779 bp, respectively). Results: The E. coli strain isolated from pigeon with symptom of diarrhea had the virulence genes of stx1 and intimin and lacks the genes encoding hemolysin and stx2. Conclusion: The results showed that the virulence genes of shigatoxin 1 and intimin were detectable in pigeons with gastrointestinal symptoms. According to these results, contrary to previous perceptions, birds may be the source of shigatoxogenic E. coli, and the symptoms of diarrhea in pigeons may be related to the presence of Shigatoxin and intimine in E. coli, which needs to be further investigated. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Evaluation of genetic variation among Indian populations of the pigeonpea cyst nematode, Heterodera cajani, by RAPD
Mohammad Abdollahi Ajoy Kumar GangulyOne of the most important pathogen attacking pigeonpea root, the nematode Heterodera cajani Koshy, is causing significant economic losses in India. Knowledge of genetic variability present among different geographical populations is important for the selection of suitab MoreOne of the most important pathogen attacking pigeonpea root, the nematode Heterodera cajani Koshy, is causing significant economic losses in India. Knowledge of genetic variability present among different geographical populations is important for the selection of suitable control strategies. Molecular diversity among ten populations of H. cajani in India from pigeonpea growing areas is demonstrated by random amplified polymorphic DNA (RAPD). Operon series of decamer primers were used for exploring the polymorphism. The number of amplified fragments per primer varied from 7 (with OPA 16 and OPD 4) to 24 (with OPB 2) whereas the size varied from 300 bp to 3.1 kb. Out of the 32 primers tested 23 revealed 100% polymorphism (OPA 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 10, OPB 2, 3, 4, 12, OPC 1, 4, 5, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 16, OPD 4 and 10). Overall, 451 amplification products were obtained out of which, 434 were polymorphic and 17 were monomorphic. The Jaccard’s coefficient and cluster analysis showed that the nematode population from Indore was distinct from the other populations of H. cajani in India. Samastipur and Pusa R.S. populations showed high degree of similarity in this experiment. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Clinical and histopathological comparison of ketoprofen and midazolam as premedication in pigeon
hadi hajizadeh gholamreza Abedi ahmad asghari saeid hesarakiAnesthesia in birds is associated with high risks. To resolve this problem, it is important to find a drug that is compatible with avian physiology and anatomy. This study was conducted to compare the clinical and histopathological effects of ketoprofen with midazolam a MoreAnesthesia in birds is associated with high risks. To resolve this problem, it is important to find a drug that is compatible with avian physiology and anatomy. This study was conducted to compare the clinical and histopathological effects of ketoprofen with midazolam as premedication in pigeons. For this purpose, twenty four male adult pigeons with the mean age of two years and weight of 300 grams were randomly divided into four groups with six individuals per group. Group I was the control group, in which the pigeons were given an intramuscular (IM) injection of ketamine 40 mg/kg body weight. Group II received IM injection of ketoprofen 50 mg/kg body weight alone. Each pigeon in group III was given an IM injection of ketoprofen at 50 mg/kg body weight and ketamine at 40 mg/kg body weight within 5 min following the first injection. Each pigeon in group IV was given an IM injection of midazolam at 6 mg/kg body weight and ketamine at 40 mg/kg body weight within 5 min following the first injection. In order to determine the depth of anesthesia in each group, within 5 min from the last injection, various clinical reflexes were evaluated on the body of each pigeon. Also, postmortem examinations were performed to assess the histopathological changes in the liver, kidney, pancreas, spleen and brain tissues. The results of clinical evaluation showed that there was significant decrease (p<0.05) in the various clinical reflexes in group III in comparison to other groups.Significant histopathological alterations were not observed in any treatment group. Based on these result it seems that ketoprofen plus ketamine could be used as a suitable combination for anesthesia of pigeons. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Comparison of molecular and serological isolation methods to identify pigeons suspected of having avian tuberculosis
mahsa lari baghal Mansour Mayahi Zahra Boroomand Nader MosavariTuberculosis is one of the oldest infectious zoonotic diseases. The importance of avian tuberculosis and the growing risk of the disease in human societies have provided a double incentive for rapid diagnosis of the disease. Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium is the most MoreTuberculosis is one of the oldest infectious zoonotic diseases. The importance of avian tuberculosis and the growing risk of the disease in human societies have provided a double incentive for rapid diagnosis of the disease. Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium is the most important cause of disease in poultry. Sampling for the present research was done during 2018-2019. Based on clinical signs and poor physical condition, 101 pigeons suspected of having tuberculosis were selected from different herds. First, blood samples were taken from pigeons for serum preparation. Then pigeons were euthanized and necropsy was performed and tissue samples were taken for culture and molecular tests. The samples were cultured in three specific media: Lunstein-Johnson with glycerin, Lunstein-Johnson with pyruvate and Heroldegg. Molecular analysis of samples was conducted using 16S rRNA, IS1245, and IS901 primers. Serum samples were analyzed for antibodies against Mycobacterium avium using a specifically designed ELISA system. Based on culture and molecular identification, 39 isolates from Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium were isolated. Contamination of 13 pigeons with Mycobacterium avium subsp. avium was detected using the specifically designed ELISA system. According to the results, the sensitivity of the culture and PCR methods was higher than the specifically designed ELISA system. However, due to the significant relationship between these three methods, it seems that the ELISA system can be used to screen flocks in the early stages of the disease. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Clinical and histopathological Comparison of metamizole and midazolam as premedication in pigeon
farshad lotfi gholamreza abedi ahmad asghari nariman Sheykhi saeid hesarakiAnesthesia in birds is associated with high risks. To resolve this problem, we have to find a drug that is compatible with avian physiology and anatomy. This study was conducted to compare the clinical and pathological effects of metamizol with midazolam as premedicatio MoreAnesthesia in birds is associated with high risks. To resolve this problem, we have to find a drug that is compatible with avian physiology and anatomy. This study was conducted to compare the clinical and pathological effects of metamizol with midazolam as premedication in pigeons. For this purpose, eighteen male adult pigeons with the mean age of two years and weight of 300 gm, were randomly divided into three groups with six individuals per group. Group I was the control group, in which the pigeons were given an intramuscular (IM) injection of ketamine 40 mg/kg body weight. Each pigeon in group II was given an IM injection of midazolam at 6 mg/kg body weight and ketamine at 40 mg/kg body weight within 5 min following the first injection. Also, each pigeon in group III was given an IM injection of metamizole at 500 mg/kg body weight and ketamine at 40 mg/kg body weight within 5 min following the first injection. In order to determine the depth of anesthesia in each group and within 5 min from the last injection, various clinical reflexes were evaluated on the body of each pigeon. Also, postmortem examinations were performed to assess tissue damages in the liver and kidney tissues. The results of clinical evaluation in three groups showed that there was significant difference (p<0.05) in the various clinical reflexes between group III, compared with groups I and II. Also, the results of histopathological analysis indicated minimal changes in metamizole treated pigeon in compared with midazolam treated group. Based on these result it seems that metamizole plus ketamine could be used as a suitable combination for anesthesia of pigeon. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Concurrent outbreak of Newcastle disease and Trichomoniasis in pigeons of Tehran
nariman sheykhi saeid Rasoulinezhad alireza barati Newcastle disease is the most important viral disease that affected pigeons. The disease is characterized by sudden onset of anorexia and neurological symptoms in pigeon. Trichomonas gallinae causes trichomoniasis of pigeons in the upper gastrointestinal tr More Newcastle disease is the most important viral disease that affected pigeons. The disease is characterized by sudden onset of anorexia and neurological symptoms in pigeon. Trichomonas gallinae causes trichomoniasis of pigeons in the upper gastrointestinal tract and the respiratory system. The symptoms of this disease include yellowish green fetid discharge from the mouth, diarrhea, emaciation, severe weakness and death. In the first 6 months of 1392, from a total of 32 suspicious cases from Tehran and its surrounding, swab samples of the mouth, pharynx and larynx of birds were prepared. The samples were studied for trichomonas infection. At necropsy, foci of white to cream color in the oral mucosa, pharynx, larynx and pharyngeal and tracheal mucous congestion associated with the presence of fetid fluid in the crop were observed. Also, general congestion of the carcass, urate deposition in the ureters, and the emptiness gastrointestinal tract was observed. For detection of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), samples of the trachea and spleen were collected and RT-PCR experiments were performed on the samples. Trichomonas was observed in the samples under the microscope. All of the 19 samples studied were considered positive to the presence of high virulence strain of the virus. Metronidazole and supportive therapies were used for treatment. Adherence to the principles of biosecurity, treatment or removal of trichomoniasis infected birds, and annual Newcastle disease vaccine are essential for the prevention of concurrent outbreak of these two diseases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Dry Matter Intake and Digestibility in Weast African Dwarf Goats Fed Raw or Processed Pigeon Pea (Cajanus Cajan) Seed
F.O. Ahamefule M.D. Udo -
Open Access Article
10 - Comparison of the histopathological effects of acepromazine and xylazine as premedication on liver in Pigeon
Reza OsolzadehThe goal of performing this research was to review and compare histopathological effects of acepromazine and xylazine as a pre-anesthetic drug on liver tissue in pigeon. So, we used 18 clinically healthy male pigeons in the age range 8 to 12 months and their weight was MoreThe goal of performing this research was to review and compare histopathological effects of acepromazine and xylazine as a pre-anesthetic drug on liver tissue in pigeon. So, we used 18 clinically healthy male pigeons in the age range 8 to 12 months and their weight was between 300 to 450 g. The first group considered as the witness group and they were injected 30 mg/kg ketamine. And the second group were injected 1 mg/kg acepromazine intramuscularly and after 10 minutes, they were injected 30 mg/kg ketamine. The third group were injected 5 mg/kg xylazine and 10 minutes after that, they were injected 30 mg/kg ketamine. 24 hours after the injections, tissue samples were taken frome the pigeons' liver and histopathological reviews were performed. In histopathological reviews, the three groups' livers showed a normal situation but we witnessed a mild hyperemia in the second group and a mild mononuclear infiltration in kidney interstitum in the second and third group around the portal. The results of this research, for the first time showed that the use of acepromazine – ketamine and xylazine – ketamine anesthetic regimens in pigeons, does not cause any considerable histopathological damage in liver tissue. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Molecular study for detection of Chlamydia psittaci in feces of pigeons in Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari province
Abbas Doosti Asghar Arshi Payam Ghasemi DehkordiBackground and Objectives: Chlamydophila psittaci is a lethal intracellular bacterial species that causes endemic avian chlamydiosis, epizootic outbreaks in mammals, and respiratory psittacosis in humans. Chlamydia psittaci is a gram negative bacterium that can be trans MoreBackground and Objectives: Chlamydophila psittaci is a lethal intracellular bacterial species that causes endemic avian chlamydiosis, epizootic outbreaks in mammals, and respiratory psittacosis in humans. Chlamydia psittaci is a gram negative bacterium that can be transmitted from pet birds to humans. It is known that pigeons, like many other bird species, can harbor Chlamydia psittaci. The study aimed to determine the molecular frequency of Chlamydia psittaci in feces of pigeons in Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari province using PCR technique. Materials and Methods: 300 feces samples of pigeons were collected from Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari province's townships. Genomic DNA was extracted directly from specimens. PCR was performed using specific primers for investigation of ompA gene of Chlamydia psittaci. Results: The analyses demonstrated a high frequency of Chlamydia psittaci (14.33%) among the tested samples. The highest and lowest frequencies of the bacterial infection were observed in Kiar and Lordegan cities with 16.66 and 8%, respectively. The results of the present study indicated that Chlamydia psittaci infections are highly prevalent amongst pigeons of Chaharmahal Va Bakhtiari province. Conclusion: According to these findings, examination of pigeons and wild birds for control and prevention of the distribution of this pathogen it seems to be necessary in order to control the infectious agent and then, to prevent the economic losses and health hazards. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Metal bioaccumulation, enzymatic activity, total protein and hematology of feral pigeon (Columba livia), living in the courtyard of Ferronickel smelter in Drenas
I. Elezaj, , , Q. Selimi K. Letaj A. Plakiq -
Open Access Article
13 - Lead Effect on Aminolevulinic Acid Dehydratase Activity of Feral Pigeon (Columba livia) in Drenas
Albana Plakiqi Milaimi Qerim I. Selimi Kasum Rr.Letaj Artan Trebicka -
Open Access Article
14 - The Influence of Zinc Oxide Nanoparticles on Blood Markers in Domestic Pigeons (Columba livia)
Mehran Arabi Hamid-Reza Naseri
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