palace

Open Access Article

1 - Factors of Child- Friendly Places in Neighborhood Area
Hossein Bagheri Esmael Zarghami

We have found many links between the built environment and children's physical activities, but we have yet to find conclusive evidence that aspects of the built environment promote obesity. For example, certain development patterns, such as a lack of sidewalks, long dis More

We have found many links between the built environment and children's physical activities, but we have yet to find conclusive evidence that aspects of the built environment promote obesity. For example, certain development patterns, such as a lack of sidewalks, long distances to schools, and the need to cross busy streets, discourage walking and biking to school. Eliminating such barriers can increase rates of active commuting. But researchers cannot yet prove that more active commuting would reduce rates of obesity. It note that recent changes in the nutrition environment, including greater reliance on convenience foods and fast foods, a lack of access to fruits and vegetables, and expansion in portion sizes, are also widely believed to contribute to the epidemic of childhood obesity. But again, conclusive evidence that changes in the nutrition environment will reduce rates of obesity yet does not exist. Research into the link between the built environment and childhood obesity is still in its infancy. Analysts do not know whether changes in the built environment have increased rates of obesity or whether improvements to the built environment will decrease them. Nevertheless, the policy implications are clear. Finally, environment can have a sustainable effect in children activities. The attempt of this research is to identify the effective variables of friendly places by kids. Prioritization according to the importance of variables is the main goal of the research. The Delphi technique has been used to collect the opinions of experts about the priorities of criteria. The research method was qualitative, and the data were collected conducting a questionnaire. Firstly, by using literature review, several factors that are strongly related to design field (Child- friendly place, Child- friendly City (CFC), and Friendly places) have been identified. The questionnaires was sent to 25 experts, out of them 18 key experts answered to the research. Their responses were analyzed for the purpose of identifying. Following revisions as a result of the comments received from the first round, the participants were asked to repeat the assessment in the second round. A t-test was used to determine whether or not the experts’ opinions on the first and second round were similar. The results of the research showed that the final set of variables grouped into 5 categories: (1) physical factors; (2) safe access factors; (3) location factors; (4) ecological factors; and (5) personal factors. Physical factors consisted of functional distance, scale, variety of functions, quality of environment, density of neighborhood, texture and color of material, and so on. Safe access factors were distance (km/hr), to home, school, play space, parks and center of neighborhood. Contextual factors consisted of neighborhood, services and safety. Location factors were proximity with home, school, play space, parks. Personal factors consisted of age, gender, education, economic place and sense of safety. We used Shannon’s entropy to determine the importance weights of variables. Physical factors were the most important attribute and personal factors were the least important one. The physical factors of residential neighborhood have a significant role in increasing loveable place for children.     Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Modern Architecture in Nigeria and It’s Trends in Historical Buildings (Failure of modernist in Conservation andRestoration of Historical Buildings)
Bilyaminu Musa

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Open Access Article

3 - A Study on the Meanings of the Palace in the Hidden Layers of Hafez and Sanai Ghaznavi’s Words
Roqiyeh Shafi’ Zadeh Saeed Farzaneh Fard Hossein Novin

10.30495/clq.2021.685278

Poetry has beauties whose recognition of which deals with several topics. Discovering the outermost layer of poetry is related to the words of the couplet which is related to rhetoric science. After this layer is the expression science; but the hidden beauty that requir More

Poetry has beauties whose recognition of which deals with several topics. Discovering the outermost layer of poetry is related to the words of the couplet which is related to rhetoric science. After this layer is the expression science; but the hidden beauty that requires enough attention and concentration to find is the one related to rhetoric and knowledge of meanings and plays an effective role in the artistic creation and poetry beauty. One of the most important tasks of rhetoric, especially semantics, is to help human in the accurate transmission of his inner thoughts and feelings. Hafez is one of the powerful poets of the eighth century who has a powerful language and is influential and skilled in applying the techniques of the meanings of poetry. In this article the meanings of the palace in the Hafez Shirazi and Sanai Ghaznavi’s odes have been studied and the method is librarian. The results of the research show that Hafez’s art in applying such meanings penetrates the framework of sentences in a way that it cannot be easily obtained in the superstructure. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Roudaki and Chaucer
Ismael Azar

The present article studies the common themes in Roudaki and Chaucer's poetry separately and through comparison.They poets 1 ived in a time full of unrest and that's \vh: happiness and joy can be seen in their poetry. One other theme which they both have mentioned is de More

The present article studies the common themes in Roudaki and Chaucer's poetry separately and through comparison.They poets 1 ived in a time full of unrest and that's \vh: happiness and joy can be seen in their poetry. One other theme which they both have mentioned is death. Roudaki and Chaucer hax e had great impact on the poets after them. Roudakis impact has been extended to the present day while Chaucer's impact did not extend for more than three hundred years.Both poets composed eulogies which were so effective One of the differences between these poets is their language. Roudakis language is still understandable for Persian speakers after thousand years but Chaucer's language is not so and should be translated for todays generation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - A comparative study of Mehregan celebration with Turkish celebration of Birbiri Gorlak
Gholamreza Rahimi Shashdeh Sajjad Farahmand

Folk literature is a part of people's culture that transmits the spiritual heritage, customs and traditions of one generation to another. According to the interest of the villagers in preserving their traditions and customs, in this article, we will examine the ancient More

Folk literature is a part of people's culture that transmits the spiritual heritage, customs and traditions of one generation to another. According to the interest of the villagers in preserving their traditions and customs, in this article, we will examine the ancient tradition of Mehregan celebration that Birbiri Gorlak means seeing each other in the village of Qasr Yaghoub Safashahr in the Turkish language of Safashahri. We seek this folk tradition which was originally the same as the Mehregan celebration, but has evolved over time to keep alive the legacy of ancient Iran. Thus we take scientific and effective steps in the preservation of the traditions and rituals of ancient Iran, and to give the next generation the legacy left to us from the past as a trust, and to do our duty in this regard. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Comparative Study on Critical Realism in French and Arabic Contemporary Novels
Peyman Salehi Malek Abdi Parvin Khalili Afsaneh Jarast

Critical realism school which explains and expresses the fact of a society was initially manifested in France. Since this school mostly manifested in novels in one hand and Naguib Mahfouz – founder of Egypt modern novelist – and Romain Rolland – famous More

Critical realism school which explains and expresses the fact of a society was initially manifested in France. Since this school mostly manifested in novels in one hand and Naguib Mahfouz – founder of Egypt modern novelist – and Romain Rolland – famous French writer – had critical realism method in fictional literature on the other hand, the present paper studies the critical realism process in "Palace Walk" by Naguib Mahfouz and "Pierre et Luce" by Romain Rolland in descriptive – analytical method. Both are the novels based on France and Egypt's events during 1914 to 1919 – years of World War I.  Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Identifying the Islamic Art Elements of Naserid Darol-khalafe Citadel from the Perspective of Sadrol-Moteallehins Philosophy
Seyed Benyamin Keshavarz Seyed Aghil Keshavarz Zahra Kheiroddin

Sadr al-Maltahin, a prominent Iranian philosopher of the 11th century AH, authored significant works on philosophy. His beliefs, rooted in the teachings of Mu'azuddin Allah, emphasize the concept of revelation, which he posits must traverse layers of reason, example, an More

Sadr al-Maltahin, a prominent Iranian philosopher of the 11th century AH, authored significant works on philosophy. His beliefs, rooted in the teachings of Mu'azuddin Allah, emphasize the concept of revelation, which he posits must traverse layers of reason, example, and matter before manifesting as speech. His philosophical framework is not solely based on Islam but also draws from Iranian culture. The term 'form' holds great significance in art and architecture, embodying three distinct meanings: representing structure, showcasing visual form, and elucidating interrelations between forms, which, according to Mullah Sadra, epitomizes the balance between rationality and spirituality in art. Contrary to common belief, the adherence to aesthetic principles and structured artistic expression in Islamic societies did not solely emerge during the Safavieh era. This article explores the intersection of Sadra'i philosophy and traditional Islamic philosophy, employing analogical reasoning to address this misconception. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - A Post-Colonial Critique of the Novels Mysteries of My Land by Reza Barahani and Palace Walk by Naguib Mahfouz
allahkaram abbasi mahmood haidari mahbobeh Khorasani

Colonial literature refers to a branch of contemporary literature that emerged during colonial domination or afterwards with the purpose of liberation from the yoke of colonialism in the colonized countries. Of the main themes of this literature, one can mention the con More

Colonial literature refers to a branch of contemporary literature that emerged during colonial domination or afterwards with the purpose of liberation from the yoke of colonialism in the colonized countries. Of the main themes of this literature, one can mention the confrontation between characters and the themes that set the oriental writer’s ‘self’ as confronting the western ‘other’ and the interaction between them. In the literary fiction in Iran and Egypt, many writers have written on this subject. The present investigation is a comparative study of the two novels, namely the Mysteries of My Land by Reza Barahani, and Palace Walk by Naguib Mahfouz. Both works date back to the occupation of the writers’ lands by western countries. The findings of the study, obtained through content analysis, adopting a comparative approach, suggest that, by expressing and evaluating such fundamental and post-colonial concepts as ‘other’, the core and the periphery, gender, beliefs, freedom-seeking, and the fight against colonialism, the writers have sought to show their “selves” and “other” or the core and the periphery. Key words: Postcolonial Literature, Comparative Literature, Reza Barahani, Naguib Mahfouz, the Mysteries of My Land, Palace Walk Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Stucco Decorations of Ilkhanid Period in Takht-i Sulaiman Site
Ebrahim Moradi Mahmood Tavousi seyed ali asghar mirfatah

One of the most important architectural decorative elements of the Ilkhanid period is the stucco decoration. Samples of this decoration could be seen in most of the Ilkhanid structures. The Ilkhanid period in comparison with the other periods, has great importance due t More

One of the most important architectural decorative elements of the Ilkhanid period is the stucco decoration. Samples of this decoration could be seen in most of the Ilkhanid structures. The Ilkhanid period in comparison with the other periods, has great importance due to the use of stucco decoration. The Ilkhanid hunting palace at Takht-i Sulaiman is one of the oldest structures of the Ilkhanid period and the only remaining kind of pleasure palace in this period. Among the decorations of the Ilkhanid hunting palaces at Takht-i Sulaiman, there are stamp stucco, stucco relief, and muqarnas which could be seen in the other remaining buildings of the Ilkhanid period, too. Therefore, there is a lot of importance in surveying the stucco decoration of this building carefully, to study the other Ilkhanid buildings and their decoration. To the author's knowledge, there is a lack of reported research about the stucco decoration of Takht-i Sulaiman. This paper meanwhile describes the different theories about the muqarnas used at Takht-i Sulaiman, the stucco decoration of this building, and the impact of the stucco in previous periods on the stucco decoration of the Ilkhanid period at Takht-i Sulaiman will be studied. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - The Throne Hall in Neo-Assyrian Palaces
Meysam Labbaf-Khaniki

As an important feature of Neo-Assyrian palatial architecture the palaces’ plan shows a unique pattern in situation of the spaces sharing in function. The pattern makes possible to identify the defined spaces such as outer court, inner court, residences, service s More

As an important feature of Neo-Assyrian palatial architecture the palaces’ plan shows a unique pattern in situation of the spaces sharing in function. The pattern makes possible to identify the defined spaces such as outer court, inner court, residences, service spaces, and throne hall in the first view. The throne hall of Neo-Assyrian palaces is considered as the most important space of the royal complex. Therefore, the throne hall benefits from the most facilities and decorations and situated in the most suitable place in the complex. Due to the attributes of throne hall it is possible to recognize the special space in the Neo-Assyrian royal complex using archaeological method and spatial analysis. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Architectural Properties and Decorations in Khosrowabad Mansion at Sanandaj
Mohammad Ibrahim Zarei

Several buildings in the city of Sanandaj have been identified from the Qajar period. One of the buildings of the Qajar period, the city is building Khosrvabad. The building is architecturally important buildings. Mansion is located next to large Chaharbagh. This collec More

Several buildings in the city of Sanandaj have been identified from the Qajar period. One of the buildings of the Qajar period, the city is building Khosrvabad. The building is architecturally important buildings. Mansion is located next to large Chaharbagh. This collection represents the governors and rulers of Kurdistan in the course of this type of large-scale construction. The certificate and the evidence available in this area as a summer resort Chaharbagh Ardalan has been used by governors. The building has a building area of about eight thousand square meters. Given its importance to local historians and even some foreign and domestic travelers has attracted. Making time in a poem on the tablet of stone on the building Khosrvabad 1223.AH Is clear. This is the script Nasta liq. On the inside courtyard of the building entrance has been installed. Fath Ali Shah is the history of the state. In this inscription, the word Chahar, pleasant palace and its founder and his son, Amanullah Khan, Fath Ali Shah Khosrow second of Kurdistan and governors have been mentioned. It was so impressive monuments of the city of Sanandaj. Should be noted that the architecture does not scale for any home in Sanandaj. Some features of this building is a unique building in the west of Iran. This historical record, process, change the structure of architecture, architectural Decoration and other home influence is the city of Sanandaj. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Recognition of contemporary Iranian architecture based on the aesthetic dimensions of Qajar historical buildings (Case study: Decorations of late Qajar royal palaces in the capital)
Fariba Amini Ghasem Motalebi Samaneh Dabaghchi

Persian art during the Qajar period had a significant development due to the connection of this period with the West and many artists traveled to Europe and Western countries during this period. Is raised. In this regard, decoration is the most important element that ha More

Persian art during the Qajar period had a significant development due to the connection of this period with the West and many artists traveled to Europe and Western countries during this period. Is raised. In this regard, decoration is the most important element that has played a significant role in various Iranian arts. Architectural decorations that express themselves in different ways in facades, entrances and interiors, express their identity and value in the path of aesthetic evolution. Decorations cannot be separated from architecture, but far more architectural symbols, social identities, and cultural values can be derived from them than architecture. Therefore, considering the importance of buildings with the function of a palace in the capital, what has been addressed in this research is the study of the aesthetics of decoration in the architecture of late Qajar palaces. This study wants to use the method of content analysis of Qajar historical texts (late Qajar), in other words, thematic and structural analysis of the architecture of this period, to address the question of whether the aesthetics of late Qajar art is based on the principle of decoration or not? What are the factors behind the aesthetics of decoration in Qajar art? This research will have a clear representation of the role of decoration in the architecture of Qajar royal palaces. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - The impact of Urartu architecture of Achaemenid architecture
amir akbari ameneh fatahi

About 1500 BC, Urartu civilization took power in West Azerbaijan, East Anatolia and North Kurdistan. They were contemporaneous with the Assyrians in northern Iraq and the Elamite civilization in the West of Iran. Further details of the civilization of Urartu, were found More

About 1500 BC, Urartu civilization took power in West Azerbaijan, East Anatolia and North Kurdistan. They were contemporaneous with the Assyrians in northern Iraq and the Elamite civilization in the West of Iran. Further details of the civilization of Urartu, were found in the Assyrians writings. Urartu kingdom after years of war and competition with Assyria, in the 8th century BC were vanished and the remaining came under the power of the Medes. in the land that was widespread from shore west of the Caspian Sea to Modern Syria and the Mediterranean Sea, Urartu built cities and palaces, castles and numerous temples, gardens and orchards and created many rivers and canals to provide their water needs, and they were skillful in metal-working. They were neighbors with the Medes and the Persians for two hundred years. It seems because of that, and after the Persians took power, they have learned lots of methods and ways of constructing buildings from Urartu and used them in the creation of magnificent palaces such as the Apadana in Susa and the Persepolis. This article attempts first to look at the history and architecture of Urartu, and then based on analytical-comparative method, study the influence of the Urartu architecture on the Apadana Palace of Darius in Susa. The results show that although the Achaemenid civilization benefited from all their Past civilizations to form their glorious buildings, but more significant role is the role of Urartu. The role that less than it is remembered.     Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - "Analyze social relations in the diplomatic architecture of the Safavid period based on the space syntax approach" Case study: chehelsotoon palace , Isfahan.
soudabeh mehdipour Jamaleddin soheili

10.22094/lsj.2023.699496

Abstract:from past to present behavioral modules and social relations exist or existed in people's lives, But as it should be, they have not been recognized and have not been taken into consideration, while they are of a great value. As the space syntax has been studied More

Abstract:from past to present behavioral modules and social relations exist or existed in people's lives, But as it should be, they have not been recognized and have not been taken into consideration, while they are of a great value. As the space syntax has been studied in urban planning , we will put steps in understanding this method in the field of architecture, to realize hidden social-governmental patterns In the architectural works of the past, in order to evolution of today’s architecture. A building means creating spaces for specific functions for residents. In this study, in order to gain better understanding of the formation and the hidden relationships between spaces , the potential social relations in the Diplomatic buildings , particularly the Safavid palaces are considered. It is difficult to know the whole space as a whole, Because people are always faced with a part of space and it is not possible to understand the whole at a time. What is emphasized is that the building is never a single-function phenomenon. Buildings organize spaces and shape relationships and social activities inside and out. The building is an independent and variable set in the environment and its function is appropriate to the spaces that are defined in it. The main goal of researchers is to understand social relationships in space, such as creating privacy and public spaces. The creators of this method have a social view of works of art in general and architectural buildings in particular. They believe that although the builder of the building creates a single shape, but to achieve this single shape, he has regulated spaces together. Regulation of spaces together means communication within the spaces with each other. So, with evaluating the relationship between space and hidden social relationship of the inhabitants in an architectural space and extending it to similar spaces, we can participate in this movement. In the simplest explanation we can say, Space syntax is a set of methods and theories that study the configuration of space at the scale of architecture and urban planning to explain how the configuration of space, social organization and social behaviors interact. The arrangement of spaces next to each other has a direct effect on how people use spaces. The use of this method has been proposed by several English scientists since the early seventies. Of this group, Estedman, Hillier and Hanson are the most famous. In the Research process the relationship Between physical space and its current events have been investigated by using space syntax Analysis software. Mathematical and graphical data is portrayed as graphical charts And graphs of hidden social - governmental Relations which lies at the heart of this building. The first phase of their work in the 1970s involved real environments, indigenous buildings, and organic complexes. The second stage in the development of the method of space syntax occurred in the eighties. To achieve their goal, they introduced a drawing technique called " Justification charts".This drawing method allowed them to simulate different spatial patterns. The third stage is the globalization of the syntax of architectural space.The methodology of this paper is descriptive-analytical and after explaining the corresponding concepts, social relations governing the diplomatic architecture of the past is studied, and the sample is chehelsotoon palace in Isfahan, which was built during the Safavid era. Based on the analysis of explanatory diagrams that express the internal relations of palaces in the form of lines and circles, and by simplifying the planned relations and displaying them graphically, we will reach a simpler and more understandable expression. Spaces of the same category are in the same row and numerically valued in the same row, and spaces according to how they get from one space to another , They are connected by a line. The reasoning method is deductive. In this paper we tried to make the hidden social-governmental relations in the spirit of the diplomatic architecture of Safavid era visible.Analyzing the spatial order of the palace using the method of space syntax enables the architectural professional community to create a model that predicts social-governmental behavior in diplomatic spaces. This model can be used in the design process and an interactive relationship can be established with it. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Critique and analysis of five translations of the Quran (Tabari, Abu al-Futuh, Makarem, Fooladvand and Ansarian) focusing on Sur Maki
Maryam Hoseini Hamidreza Mustafid Nafiseh Nawid

The Qur'an is a large text with its own unique characteristics; With an eloquent and eloquent expression worthy of reflection; That is why it is the source of inspiration and extraction of the rules of rhetoric. On the other hand, since this divine book opens various pe More

The Qur'an is a large text with its own unique characteristics; With an eloquent and eloquent expression worthy of reflection; That is why it is the source of inspiration and extraction of the rules of rhetoric. On the other hand, since this divine book opens various perspectives and horizons for them in proportion to the understanding of its audience, it is considered as a point of departure and a source of attention for interpretation in the Islamic world. Therefore, the translator and interpreter of this text must have the necessary scientific competencies and sufficient knowledge of linguistic subtleties and rhetorical sciences; And the lack of sufficient mastery over the mentioned cases and lack of knowledge of how to pronounce the words of the Qur'an and the meanings and individual and compound rules and meanings in those words, etc. will cause a defect in the correct and accurate translation and interpretation of the verses. This research, which is written in a descriptive-analytical manner (using written library tools), tries to explain the correct method of critique, relying on the subject of "exclusion and Qasr (a branch of semantics), to compare and contrast five translations of Surah Makki. Based on this analysis and analogy, let us first get a more accurate understanding of the verse in question, and in The degree of observance of the early and later translators (Tabari, Razi, Fooladvand, Makarem and Ansarian) is determined in the discussion of the siege.consideredkənˈsidərdTranslations of consideredAdjectiveFrequencyمطرح شدهconsideredبا اندیشه صحیحconsideredسنجیدهweighed, considered, thought-outبافکر باز و درستconsideredDefinitions of consideredAdjective1having been thought about carefully.I may not have time to give a considered reply to suggestionsExamples of consideredI may not have time to give a considered reply to suggestionsSynonyms of considerVerbthink aboutsize upregard astake into considerationlook atcheck out78 more synonymsSee alsoconsider Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Seven Palaces of Kavus and the Ladder of Mithraism
Hamid Jafari Ghariyeh Ali

In thoughts of ancient Iranian tribes, divine elements have a special place. These elements in Mithraism were considered sacred. The believers of Mithraic mysteries suggested that spirits came from heavens to the earth and dwelled in the bodies.  In order to be pur More

In thoughts of ancient Iranian tribes, divine elements have a special place. These elements in Mithraism were considered sacred. The believers of Mithraic mysteries suggested that spirits came from heavens to the earth and dwelled in the bodies.  In order to be purified, these spirits were to go through seven stages. Mithraism makes mention of a seven steps ladder as the symbol of the seven layers of heavens that must be past for being able to reach to the supreme position. Shahnameh makes mention of Kavus attempt for building seven homes on the mountain of  Albourz of gold, silver, glass and granite. The present article shows that these seven palaces are the reminders of the ladder of the believers of Mehr. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - The concepts and hints arisen from occupations and posts in the poems of the Teimurid era
Ali Kabili maryam mohammadzadeh Reza aghayari zahed

The recognition of business methods of a society is known as one of the different approaches to gain an accurate knowledge of that society and the individual and social lives of the people. Since the Teimurid era has been a vaguely understood era throughout the history More

The recognition of business methods of a society is known as one of the different approaches to gain an accurate knowledge of that society and the individual and social lives of the people. Since the Teimurid era has been a vaguely understood era throughout the history in Iran, the present research is going to investigate about the introduction of occupations and professions in the Teimurid’s era through collecting the data using a library study method utilizing a descriptive research method to probe and recognize the existence of different jobs within the Teimurid era looking through different poems composed in that historical period. We have done the current study to recognize which occupations and posts were present in the Teimurid’s era through which Teimur tried to revive the business movement and expanded the different businesses. Then, we have tried to acknowledge the readers about the different posts, vocabularies and expressions related with different jobs mentioned in the poems composed within the Teimurid’s era. We would like to investigate and analyze how these expressions and hints were referred to by the different poets and enlighten the readers about literary works in Persian specifically in the Teimurid’s era. Findings showed that there have been different governmental, industrial, and business occupations and services in that era. Some of these occupations and professions are extinct now and some have been changed into other similar jobs. The poets of this era have utilized many vocabularies and expressions related with different occupations and professions in order to achieve several goals such as literary creativeness, inspiration of artistic thoughts, and the creation of novel concepts. Manuscript profile

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