martyrs

Open Access Article

1 - Iraq’s Aggression against Iran and Kuwait and its Reflection in the Poetry of the Two Countries
Seyed Ebrahim Arman

The two Muslim countries of Iran and Kuwait have witnessed a pain-ful aggression from the part of Saddam dictatorial regime. Saddam’s attack to Iran leaded to an 8 year imposed war, which is called Persian Gulf 1st War. His attack to Kuwait leaded to invasion of More

The two Muslim countries of Iran and Kuwait have witnessed a pain-ful aggression from the part of Saddam dictatorial regime. Saddam’s attack to Iran leaded to an 8 year imposed war, which is called Persian Gulf 1st War. His attack to Kuwait leaded to invasion of the country and finally the greatest war of the contemporary era after 2nd world War, which is called Persian Gulf 2nd War. The bitter events and anti-human-istic crimes of the former Iraqi regime against these two neighbor coun-tries are innumerable. The present study is to probe into the common subject matters of the poetry of the two countries, from a critical and analytical viewpoint and via conducting a comparative analysis of the resistance poetry, which appeared during and after war in the contem-porary literature of Iran and Kuwait. It is hoped that the present study paves the way for comparative investigation of other common fields of the contemporary literature of Iran and Persian Gulf countries, which have a great history of cultural and economic cooperation. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - The role of Kashefi's Martyrs Elegies in the Spreading of Ashura History Distortions
hamid reza jadidi

10.30495/dk.2021.682096

Mullah Hussein Kashefi's Martyrs Elegies book (910 A.H) which depicts Ashura's Events is one of the first books about the killings of Ashura which enjoy a literary language attraction of great influence. Since its writing, this book has been criticized its wrong narrati More

Mullah Hussein Kashefi's Martyrs Elegies book (910 A.H) which depicts Ashura's Events is one of the first books about the killings of Ashura which enjoy a literary language attraction of great influence. Since its writing, this book has been criticized its wrong narration of the history of this event. It is considered one of the first books giving wrong historical accounts with poor historical supports about event happening on Ashura. In this article, after a brief  account about the late Timurids era and Kashefi's biography, different ideas about this book and its author have been discussed along with the reasons for distortions mentioned in the book and public interest in it. Also resources used and his narration style have been studied.  The findings show that the main reasons for such distortions are Kashefi's lack of source, fictional narration style like Sufis, relying on his own memories as an orator, lack of accuracy  in his narrations of events, and Kashefi's intention to motivate Shiites of his time to create a connection with Prophet Mohammad 's family (PBUH). It can also be said that Timurids in Khorasan created an atmosphere from which a kind of Shiites was born by which the Safavids advertise this kind of shiism. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Effectiveness of Social Skills Group Training on Strengths and Behavioral Difficulties in Daughters of Veterans and Martyrs Families
maryam esmaeili mahgol tavakoli Fatemeh Yaghobian leila Esmaeili saeideh Mahdavi

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of social skills group training on strengths and behavioral difficulties in adolescents of veterans and martyrs families . The research design was quasi- experimental with control group. In order to perfor More

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of social skills group training on strengths and behavioral difficulties in adolescents of veterans and martyrs families . The research design was quasi- experimental with control group. In order to perform, 26 veterans' adolescents daughters ) 13-16 years ( were randomly selected from 26 high school girls in 5 sections of educational system in Isfahan city via random cluster sampling method and then were randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The Demographical as well as Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaires (SDQ), were administered to them. The results were analyzed using multicovariate analysis by SPSS 16 software. The results showed that in post-test and follow-up (after 4 months), respectively, the means scores of experimental group were significantly higher than control group in strengths (P≤0.021) and (P≤0.003) , but lower in behavioral difficulties in experimental group (P≤0.001) and (P≤0.004). These findings indicated that social skills group training is effective on increasing strengths and decreasing behavioral difficulties in daughters of veterans and martyrs’ families after four months. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Themes and concepts of protest in the poetry of resistance poets (with an emphasis on the poems of Qazvah)
nahid hemati

10.30495/farsij.2022.1966605.1655

The literature of sustainability is a collection of literary works whose main foundation is the resistance of the people of a country in the way of protecting the homeland and persistence against oppression and the critical and protest literature is a cry from the heart More

The literature of sustainability is a collection of literary works whose main foundation is the resistance of the people of a country in the way of protecting the homeland and persistence against oppression and the critical and protest literature is a cry from the heart of committed poets who criticize the shortcomings and anomalies and injustices in the society With the cry of freedom and perseverance, they bring down the whip of words on the oppressors and their goal is to create a spirit of stability in the people, and they put literary words in the service of human excellence, anti-tyranny, seeking justice and the stability of the Iranian nation in the eight years of holy defense was able to open new horizons in various fields, including poetry and literature and the poets of stable literature with a sense of religion and commitment to the people; They created the opportunity to create valuable critical works for themselves With various topics and concepts such as Ashura and mystical themes, description of freedom, martyrdom, patriotism, and most importantly protest themes (objection to luxury and worldliness, wave of protest arose in the poetry of poets of the resistance, especially Qazveh In this article, the protest and critical poems of these poets are investigated in an analytical and descriptive way which has resulted in Qazvah being the leader in this field with the aim of correcting anomalies and injustices and trying to explain and educate the people. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Criticizing The book Tasmiyat Man Qotel Ma’ al-Husayn
ebrahim salehi

The book Tasmiyat Man Qotel Ma’ al-Husayn (the names of martyrs of Karbala) was written in the second century (A.H.) by Fozayl ibn Zobayr. 106 persons are named in this book as those who martyred in Karbala in defense of Imam al-Husayn. The importance of this book More

The book Tasmiyat Man Qotel Ma’ al-Husayn (the names of martyrs of Karbala) was written in the second century (A.H.) by Fozayl ibn Zobayr. 106 persons are named in this book as those who martyred in Karbala in defense of Imam al-Husayn. The importance of this book is that it is regarded among those old authentic sources in this regard. The author has mentioned some names that are considered in other authentic sources as the names of Imam al-Husayn’s enemies, such as: Mohajir ibn Ous, Kathir ibn ‘Abdollah and Bokair ibn Hay. Following this book, some authors circulated this point. This article tries to show that this book is not reliable in spite of its oldness.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - The necessity of recognition of some martyrs of Karbala
Ebrahim Salehi Hajiabadi

The event of Karbala was among the most important events in early history of Islam and the martyrs of Karbala were the heroes of this event and hence at the center of concerns. Yet unfortunately in process of time the name and identity of some of them have been forgotte More

The event of Karbala was among the most important events in early history of Islam and the martyrs of Karbala were the heroes of this event and hence at the center of concerns. Yet unfortunately in process of time the name and identity of some of them have been forgotten, but in contrast, some names are taken to be the martyrs of Karbala, while they had no role in that event. The main cause of this mistake must be sought in relying on some unreliable sources. This article, resorting critically to some old books and sources, proceeds to examine the identity of five persons claimed to be among the martyrs of Karbala and come to this conclusion that they were not in that battle at all. And as an advice, says that concerning the event of Karbala, beside old and ancient books, we must survey its authenticity.    Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Analysis of factors affecting the sustainability of urban transport systems available to the user tourism in District 22 of Tehran Municipality, case study of the Lake Persian Gulf
Ameneh Jori Rahim Sarvar Zahra Pishgahifard

Proper interaction in system stability resulting in metropolis in it. So knowledge of factors affecting sustainability; are important to achieving this. In this paper, both in the urban system and the interaction between them is of particular interest; Urban transport a More

Proper interaction in system stability resulting in metropolis in it. So knowledge of factors affecting sustainability; are important to achieving this. In this paper, both in the urban system and the interaction between them is of particular interest; Urban transport and urban tourism in the context of the metropolis of Tehran, In the area of 22 municipalities, Sphere of influence in the Persian Gulf Martyrs lake (Lake Cheetgar). Accordingly, after considering the factors affecting the sustainability of transportation systems in connection with tourism, Through statistical analysis of these components, but in four major indicators discussed. The research method was descriptive analyzes that In which data collection is based on questionnaires that was distributed Among experts and specialists in the fields of urban planning, transport and tourism traffic . The population of about 100 people who have been elected by non-random purposive And to analyze data collected from software SPSS22 And statistical methods are used t-test and Friedman test. The test results show that the four criteria of sustainability study(Environmental, social, economic, and transportation), Lack of stability is required And the factors affecting sustainability, environmental criteria have been most affected And standard of transportation with minimal impact on system stability assessment of transportation District 22 of Tehran's access to the Persian Gulf Martyrs lake. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Autecology of pasture species Galium verum Martyrs Valley West Azarbaijan Province
reza ahmadkhani Ali Ariapour

In this study the ecology of individual species, Galium verum, according to regional climates, martyrs valley West Azarbaijan Province during the years 2010-2011 were reviewed. A systematic random sampling method in three height classes 1600-1400, 1800-1600, 1800 < m More

In this study the ecology of individual species, Galium verum, according to regional climates, martyrs valley West Azarbaijan Province during the years 2010-2011 were reviewed. A systematic random sampling method in three height classes 1600-1400, 1800-1600, 1800 < meters above sea level and the geographic North, Northeast, East and West were studied. In this study various factors using analysis of variance and Duncan tests and specifications related to the slope and elevation using topographic maps field survey and GIS software and data were extracted. Results showed that the habitat of this species in the altitude range of 1400 to 1800 meters and the range is expanding ultracold species in semi-arid climate. Ruteh Formation limestone area and the largest distribution of this species in soils with pH 2/7% lime and 20% sand, 10% phosphorus, soil electrical conductivity, respectively, 12% to 32%, 42/0 to 44/0 dB Siemens is m. The highest density, canopy cover and dry in the north, longitude and elevation class 1600-1400 slopes less than 50 degrees, respectively. Plant roots penetrate to a depth of 50 cm and seed viability rate is 92%. After this step is so depressed. Autumn generally begins in late October and most of the second half of November, lasts until late autumn, winter, sleep is the beginning. Evaluation of chemical compounds found in different phonological stages of plant nitrogen and phosphorus decreases with increasing altitude. The maximum amount of nitrogen, potassium and plant protein elevation in the active growth phase, and the lowest value was obtained at flowering and seeding. Preference value and distribution of this species due to the high value for the slope and different heights can be attempted artificial cultivation in rangelands. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Determination of Main Components of Sustainability of Urban Transportation Systems in Access to Tourism of the Persian Gulf Lake (Chitgar), Tehran
robabeh rajabi amirabad

The increasing expansion of urban environments and, consequently, the leisure needs of urban residents, as well as visitors and tourists visiting urban spaces, require special attention in planning and achieving sustainable urban tourism development and related infrastr More

The increasing expansion of urban environments and, consequently, the leisure needs of urban residents, as well as visitors and tourists visiting urban spaces, require special attention in planning and achieving sustainable urban tourism development and related infrastructures. At the same time, it is worthwhile to pay attention to the functions and effects of this sector and planning to make appropriate arrangements for urban spaces and infrastructures. Among the basic infrastructures in the field of urban tourism are urban transportation and the way these two functions are related to each other. Accordingly, the present article selects an indicator of tourism in the metropolis of Tehran (the Persian Gulf martyrs lake), attempting to identify the factors affecting the sustainability of urban transportation systems in accessing this tourist site. The research strategy is applied and its method is descriptive and analytical. The library method and the questionnaire were used to collect information and For data analysis, exploratory factor analysis using Cronbach's Alpha method. Kaiser-Meyer-Olekin (KMO) and Bartlet tests were used in SPSS-22 software.  In this method, the stability of existing transportation systems was studied using four main components and 24 selected indicators. As a result, it was observed that sustainability of transportation systems in accessing the tourism of the martyrs of the Persian Gulf Lake is very close to factors such as public access, environmental costs, transportation costs and traffic costs. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - The development of The Qur’anic idea “al-Shahid” from Court Witness to the Martyr: Quranic background for the formation of the concept
Ashraf Montazeri Hamed Khani (Farhang Mehrvash)

The formation of Islam, like all other great and historic movements, was owed to many sacrifices. Thus, from its earliest days, selfless death was considered an important value for the advancement of the sacred ideal. The metaphor of "death in the way of God" was used i More

The formation of Islam, like all other great and historic movements, was owed to many sacrifices. Thus, from its earliest days, selfless death was considered an important value for the advancement of the sacred ideal. The metaphor of "death in the way of God" was used in the Qur'an to refer to this death; A Metaphor that lost its widespread use to indicate this meaning in favor of another meaning, and from the distant past whose exact time we do not yet know, the term of "martyrdom or Shahadah" took its place; The term in the post-Qur'anic Arabic language means to testify in court cases, and most of its Qur'anic uses are translated in the same sense. It is not easy to see the similarities between self-sacrificing death and the testifying which caused the use of this metaphor, we also do not know the period in which such replacement took place, and the steps that led to the application of such a term for sacred death. Searching for the applications of the interpretation of the martyr and his family in the Qur'an from a critical point of view and understanding the meaning of the Qur'anic “Shahadah” to analyze the causes and elements and grounds for establishing the mentioned replacement is the subject of this study. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Investigating and explaining the role of jihadi management in the implementation of the policies of the Martyrs and Martyrs Affairs Foundation(A case study of the Martyrs' Foundation of Fars, Bushehr, Kahkilouye and Boyer Ahmad)
s.mansour Mousavi Hasan Soltani S.Fateme Mousavi

The aim of the research is to investigate the impact of Jihadi management style on the implementation of the policies of the Martyr Foundation and Veteran Affairs in the southern provinces of the country. The research method is descriptive-correlation and qualitative-qu More

The aim of the research is to investigate the impact of Jihadi management style on the implementation of the policies of the Martyr Foundation and Veteran Affairs in the southern provinces of the country. The research method is descriptive-correlation and qualitative-quantitative. The statistical population of the research included 1400 and the sample size was 308 according to Morgan's table and was selected by stratified random method. The findings show that in the dimensions of the jihadi management model, the components of insight-oriented, legalism, planning and staff work, applying mutual commitment, interpersonal role and standardization of rules and regulations are among the highest average and components. Idealism, participatory management, control and leadership of line units, human component, empowerment and rehabilitation, self-confidence, self-reliance and the component of using all capacities have the lowest average.According to the final model, the leadership style of Jihadi management has a positive and direct effect on the implementation of the foundation's policies with a path coefficient of 72%. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Analysis of Spatial-Physical Changes of Urban Squares in Islamic Cities; Case Study: Martyrs' Square in Beirut, Marjah Square in Damascus, and Taksim Square in Istanbul
Navid Jahdi Milad Fathi Javad Shekari Nayeri

10.30495/jsps.2022.1966534.1004

Urban squares are valuable parts of urban heritage. There has always been a center called the square linked to the government's fate, the people, and the history of that land in every country. In this regard, the analysis of various components affecting the emergence of More

Urban squares are valuable parts of urban heritage. There has always been a center called the square linked to the government's fate, the people, and the history of that land in every country. In this regard, the analysis of various components affecting the emergence of urban squares as a public space in Islamic countries is a topic that is addressed in this study. The critical role of squares in cities' structure highlights the importance of recognizing the stages of their development and evolution to properly understand Islamic countries' urban structure and generalize its results. Therefore, With the aim of profoundly understanding the importance of the square in Islamic cities' structure, This study seeks to answer how squares have become the beating heart of Islamic cities after their emergence and spatial-physical changes? Using the descriptive-analytical research method, Martyrs' Square in Beirut, Marjah Square in Damascus, and Taksim Square in Istanbul have been studied. Based on research, it can be concluded that Urban squares, as a new form of public space, were formed in Islamic countries in the late 19th century in response to the growth of the urban population and the political stability and economic power of the ruling government. These squares were initially located outside the old city walls, and overtime and the city's physical development, they have played an essential role in the urban structure. Finally, by providing the necessary spatial and physical context for social events' support and occurrence, they have civil and memorial meanings. Manuscript profile

List of Articles martyrs

Sanad

Links

Related Centers

Technical Support

Official pages