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Open Access Article
1 - Protective effects of black Iranian tea on cadmium- induced hepatotoxicity in rats
M.R Mohammadi Malayeri, سعید Hesaraki, پیام Jamal livani,Useful effects of black tea in treatment of many diseases have been shown . the protectiveeffects of tea are possibly related to its antioxidant properties or its inhibition of lipidoxidation. The aim of the present study was to investigate hepatoprotective effects of b MoreUseful effects of black tea in treatment of many diseases have been shown . the protectiveeffects of tea are possibly related to its antioxidant properties or its inhibition of lipidoxidation. The aim of the present study was to investigate hepatoprotective effects of blackIranian tea on cadmium(cd)-induced hepatotoxicity .For this purpose 30 male wistar rats wererandomly divided to six study groups including 1-negative control, 2-treatment control (received10% black tea brewed drink (BTBD)),3-positive control which received cd(5 mg/kg bodyweight (bw.)/day) and 4 to 6-treatment groups in which BTBD was administered orally (2,5 and10%) with oral cd(5mg/kg bw./day). The rats were sacrificed after 4 weeks and blood sampleswere collected to assess liver biomarkers. liver samples were fixed in buffered formalin solution. They were then conventionally embedded in paraffin and stained with Hematoxilin - Eosin forpathology studies as well. In positive control group, activities of alanine transaminase(ALT),aspartate transaminase(AST) and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) significantly increased in comparewith negative control group. Granular degeneration, chromatin and nucleus concentration andnecrosis were evidenced in pathological study of the liver sections of this group. On the otherhand, 5 and 10% BTBD administration significantly prevented ALT,AST and ALP increasingactivity. Pathological study confirmed the latter serological results. Whereas, 2% BTBDadministration didn't have any significant protection. in conclusion, our results suggest that dailyblack tea drinking may prevent cd-induced hepatic lesions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Study Of the Hepatoprotective Effect Of Capparis spinosa Fruit Extract against Acetaminophen-Induced Toxicity in Rat
Masoumeh Eslami ّّFarah FarrokhiIntroduction and Objectiv:Acetaminophen(paracetamol, APAP) is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug. At the therapeutic doses, APAP is considered a safe drug. However, its toxic doses can lead to liver damage and is often fatal. The hepatotoxicity of APAP is main MoreIntroduction and Objectiv:Acetaminophen(paracetamol, APAP) is a widely used analgesic and antipyretic drug. At the therapeutic doses, APAP is considered a safe drug. However, its toxic doses can lead to liver damage and is often fatal. The hepatotoxicity of APAP is mainly a result of oxidative stress mediated by the metabolite of APAP, that is, N-acetyl-para-benzoquinon imine (NAPQI).The present study was undertaken to evaluate protective activity of the aqueous extract of Capparis spinosa(Capparidaceae) fruit against APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in rats.Material andMethods:In this study, animals randomly were divided into five groups (6 rats in each group). The safe and APAP-intoxicated control groups were received normal saline and the remaining groups received aqueous extract with different doses 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg by gavage. For induction of hepatotoxicity, in the end of the treatment, APAP (500 mg/kg, orally) were given animals except safe control group.Results:The serum levels of alanine aminotransferase(ALT), aspartate aminotransferase(AST), alkaline phosphatase(ALP), and total bilirubin significantly decreased in the groups received the extract when were compared to APAP-intoxicated control (PConclusion:These findings suggest that C. spinosa fruit extract can prevent APAP-induced hepatotoxicity in rats and this is likely mediated through its antioxidant properties Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Brasscia rapa. L root on methotrexate induced hepatotoxicity in the rat
Saeed Khodadad داریوش مهاجری Ramin Kaffashi ElahiMethotrexate as an anticancer drug is hepatotoxic at high doses. It has been proven that oxidative stress is involved in methotrexate induced toxicity. Because of antioxidant potential of Brassica rapa. L root, this study was undertaken to examine the protective effect MoreMethotrexate as an anticancer drug is hepatotoxic at high doses. It has been proven that oxidative stress is involved in methotrexate induced toxicity. Because of antioxidant potential of Brassica rapa. L root, this study was undertaken to examine the protective effect of hydroalcoholic extract of Brasscia rapa L. (BR) root on methotrexate induced hepatotoxicity in the rat. For this purpose, forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four equal groups. Group 1 was used as control; groups 2 and 4 were orally treated with BR root extract (200 mg/kg) for 15 consecutive days. Groups 3 and 4 received a single intraperitoneal dose of methotrexate (20 mg/kg) on the 10th day of the experiment. At the end of the experiment, serumic levels of AST and ALT, ALP and total bilirubin, albumin and total proteins were assessed. Malondialdehyde and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase were assayed in liver homogenates. Tissue sections were prepared from the liver and finally, the biochemical findings were compared with histopathological results. In group 4, BR root extract significantly (p<0.05) decreased the levels of serum biomarkers of hepatic injury and total bilirubin, and significantly increased the levels of serum albumin and total proteins (p<0.05). Also BR root extract significantly (p<0.05) decreased the lipid peroxidation and elevated the decreased values of hepatic antioxidants in this group. Histopathologic changes including degeneration, inflammation and necrosis were in agreement with biochemical findings. The results indicated that BR root extract, because of its antioxidant potential, exerts a protective effect against methotrexate induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Studying preventive effects of Berberisintegerrimaon root on carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity in broilers
mohammadreza mohammadimalayeri abolfazl dadkhahtehrani zahra oraghiardebili hamid nazeriLiver diseases and their economic losses have gained more importancealongside the development of integrated poultry industry. Studies have proved hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride as one of the best experimental models of hepatotocicity. Barberries have bee MoreLiver diseases and their economic losses have gained more importancealongside the development of integrated poultry industry. Studies have proved hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride as one of the best experimental models of hepatotocicity. Barberries have been used widely in traditional medicine.The purpose of the present study was to evaluaterthe preventive effects of Berberisintegerrima root on carbon tetrachloride induced liver lesions in broilers.For this purpose, 80 day old Ross strain broilers were divided randomly to 8 study groupsconsisting of negative control, positive control which received IP 4ml/kg b.w. carbon tetrachloride twice in 25th and 28thdays , treatment controls consisting of 10,20 and 30 grams of Berberisintegerrima root per kilogram of diet and treatment groups consisting of 10,20 and 30 gr. Of Berberis root / Kg diet + IPcarbontetrachloride 4ml/Kg b.w. twice in 25th and 28th days.At 29th day, blood samples were collected from animals, then they were sacrificed and their liver samples were fixed in 10% formalin solution. The blood samples were sent to laboratory to measure ALT,AST and ALP activities.Biochemical results didn't show any significant changes of ALT,AST and ALP activities between all study groups (P>0.05). Microscopic results showed significant decrease in pathologic lesions of 20 gr Berberis root /Kg diet treatment group in comparison with the positive control group(P<0.05).The results of this study indicated that to induce more severe hepatocellular lesions in broilers by carbon tetrachloride doses more than 4ml/Kg b.w are needed.Adding 20 gr Berberisintegerrima root /Kg diet could have preventive effects against acute hapatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Protective effects of Resveratrol against chemotherapy drug Cisplatin induced hepatotoxicity in the rat
ramin kaffashielahi Drug therapy of cancer which is carried out by natural, synthetic or biological substances is associated with complications. Cisplatin as an anticancer drug, is hepatotoxic at high doses. Oxidative stress has been proven to be involved in cisplatin-induced More Drug therapy of cancer which is carried out by natural, synthetic or biological substances is associated with complications. Cisplatin as an anticancer drug, is hepatotoxic at high doses. Oxidative stress has been proven to be involved in cisplatin-induced toxicity. Because of antioxidant potential of resveratrol, this study was conducted to assess the protective effects of resveratrol, on cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity in the rat. Forty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four equal groups. Group 1 was used as control. For induction of hepatic injury in groups 2-4, cisplatin (3 mg/kg) was injected once every five days intraperitoneally. Groups 3 and 4 received silymarin (100 mg/kg) and resveratrol (20 mg/kg) respectively, daily for 4 weeks via intraperitoneal route. At the end of experiment, serum levels of aspartate and alanine transaminases, lactate dehydogenase and total bilirubin, albumin and total proteins were assessed. Malondialdehyde, reduced glutathione and activities of superoxide dismutase, catalase, glutathione peroxidase and glutathione reductase were assayed in liver homogenates. Finally, the biochemical findings were matched with histopathological verification. In group 4, resveratrol significantly (p<0.001) decreased the elevated levels of serum biomarkers of hepatic injury and total bilirubin, and significantly (p<0.001) increased the reduced levels of serum albumin and total proteins. In this group, resveratrol significantly (p<0.001) decreased the lipid peroxidation and elevated the decreased values of hepatic antioxidants. Histopathologically, the changes were in agreement with biochemical findings. The results obtained showed resveratrol, because of its anti-oxidant potential, exerts a protective effect against cisplatin induced hepatotoxicity in rats. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Preventive effects of silymarin extract on carbon tetrachloride-induced hepatotoxicity in broilers
mohammadreza Mohammadi Malayeri abolfazl Dadkhah Tehrani amir Rezaei It has been proved that Silymarin is effective in prevention and treatment of human liver diseases such as cirrhosis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the preventive effects of Silymarin extract as a food additive on hepatotoxicity ind More It has been proved that Silymarin is effective in prevention and treatment of human liver diseases such as cirrhosis. Therefore, the objective of this study was to evaluate the preventive effects of Silymarin extract as a food additive on hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride in broilers. Ninety broiler chickens were randomly assigned to 9 equal study groups as follow: negative control, positive control which were injected 2ml/kg BW (body weight) ccl4 dissolved in olive oil (1:1) via IP in the 24th and 26th days, olive oil control, treatment controls which were receiving 3,6 and 10 mg/kg BW silymarin in 1ml olive oil respectively by gavage from the 21st up to 26th days and treatment groups which received ccl4 and 3,6 and 10 mg/kg BW silymarin extract respectively. Blood and liver samples were collected to assay ALT, AST and ALP activities as well as pathological changes. The Data were analyzed using ANOVA method by SPSS. The results revealed that carbon tetrachloride significantly increased ALT,AST and ALP activities in comparison with the negative control group (p<0.01). The 3, 6 and 10 mg/kg b.w. silymarin treatments significantly decreased the enzyme activities in comparison with the positive group (p<0.01). Histopathological findings confirmed the biochemical results. In conclusion, the results proved that silymarin treatment could be effective in the prevention of hepatotoxicity induced by carbon tetrachloride in Broilers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - اثر محافظتی عصاره اتانولی دانه Citrus paradisi Macfad علیه سمیت کبدی ناشی از پاراستامول در موش های صحرایی ویستار
گادویل جی اودوم اومونیی کا یمیتان امم ای اومو اچ. او. سی ماگوو اکمینی ای یوکپه پول اس. توماسBackground & Aim: The human body has the liver as one of its largest organs. It serves as the major site for metabolism and excretion. Injury to the liver or impairment of its functions may complicate one’s health and therefore, constitutes one of the ser MoreBackground & Aim: The human body has the liver as one of its largest organs. It serves as the major site for metabolism and excretion. Injury to the liver or impairment of its functions may complicate one’s health and therefore, constitutes one of the serious public health challenges. The ethanol seed extract of Citrus paradisi Macfad (CPE) was carried out to evaluate its protective usefulness on the liver against paracematol-induced liver injury. Experimental: Thirty adult male Wistar rats were randomly allotted to five groups (6/group) and orally-treated daily with 100 mg/kg body weight of silymarin (positive Control), 10 ml/kg body weight of distilled water (negative control) and CPE (200, 400 and 600 mg/kg) body weight, respectively for 7 days. On the eighth day, all groups were administered 2 g/kg body weight of paracetamol. 24 h thereafter, animals were sacrificed under diethyl ether anesthesia and blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture for biochemical and haematological investigations. Results: Compared to the negative control, extract (200 – 600 mg/kg) significantly (p<0.05)reduced the activities of ALP, ALT and AST dose-dependently. Extract significantly (p<0.05) elevated all blood parameters except for neutrophil differentials. Recommended applications/industries: Grapefruit seed extract possesses hepatoprotective potential and can be used as an antidote against paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - ارزیابی شیمیایی و هیستوپاتولوژیکی در کبد جنین جوجههای تیمار شده با یک فرمولاسیون دلتامترین تجاری
ن. بهاسکر ل. شاهانیدر این مطالعه اثرات هپاتوتوکسیک دلتامترین با فرمولاسیون Decis® بر تکامل جنین Gallus domesticus بررسی شده است. تخم­های منجمد شده به مدت 60 دقیقه در دمای 37 درجه سلسیوس در سه غلظت مختلف دلتامترین (5/12، 25 و 50 میلی­گرم در لیتر) در زمان­های پیش از انکوباسی Moreدر این مطالعه اثرات هپاتوتوکسیک دلتامترین با فرمولاسیون Decis® بر تکامل جنین Gallus domesticus بررسی شده است. تخم­های منجمد شده به مدت 60 دقیقه در دمای 37 درجه سلسیوس در سه غلظت مختلف دلتامترین (5/12، 25 و 50 میلی­گرم در لیتر) در زمان­های پیش از انکوباسیون (0=ED) و روز چهارم انکوباسیون (4=ED) غوطه­ور شده و تا روز جنینی (16=ED) انکوباسیون گردیدند. تیمار 50 میلی­گرم دلتامترین در 0 =ED و 4 =ED به ­ترتیب کاهش معنی ­داری در محتوای پروتئین کل و گلیکوژن کل کبد نشان دادند. ولی محتوای گلوتاتیون در هر دو ED در همه غلظت­ها کاهش یافت. در بین آنزیم­ها، فعالیت آلکالین فسفاتاز کبدی به طور معنی­ داری در 25 و 50 میلی­گرم در لیتر دلتامترین در زمان­های 0 =ED و 4 =ED به طور معنی ­داری افزایش یافته ولی فعالیت گلوتامات پیرووات ترانس آمیناز تنها در غلظت 50 میلی­گرم در لیتر دلتامترین و و 4 =ED افزایش معنی ­داری نشان داد. در ارزیابی هیستوپاتولوژیکی، ضایعات سلولی متوسط تا زیاد در بخشهایی از کبد جنین­های تیمار شده با حشره­کش دیده شد. این نتایج نشان داد با افزایش بیشتر غلظت دلتامترین مورد استفاده، میزان اغلب این تغییرات نیز شدیدتر بود. تغییرات پاتولوژیکی مشاهده شده شامل دژنره شدن و نکروز سلول­های کبدی، واکوئله شدن سیتوپلاسمی، توسعه و پرخونی فضاهای سینوزوئید عدم فیلتراسیون لوکوسیت­ها و گشادی و پرخونی سیاهرگ میانی بودند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Nutraceutical Potential of Tetracarpidium conophorum and Buccholzia coriacea in Diet-induced Hyperlipidemia
Eucharia Oluchi Nwaichi Justice Obinna Osuoha Michael Okechukwu Monanu -
Open Access Article
10 - Evaluation of the Efficacy of Glutathione Administration in Acetaminophen-Induced Hepatotoxicity in Experimental Rats
Reham Nafad Elbendary Ghada Hassabo Abeer Mostafa Dina Sabry heba Abdelmonaem Ibrahim Amr Mohamed Tawfik KhattabOne of the most common causes of acute liver failure is acetaminophen overdose. The antidote N-acetylcysteine acts by scavenging the reactive metabolite, but its therapeutic limitation necessitates the development of additional therapeutic approaches that can benefit la MoreOne of the most common causes of acute liver failure is acetaminophen overdose. The antidote N-acetylcysteine acts by scavenging the reactive metabolite, but its therapeutic limitation necessitates the development of additional therapeutic approaches that can benefit late-presenting patients. Glutathione (GSH) is the most abundant intracellular nonprotein thiol that has an important role in the regulation of many cellular physiologic functions such as redox-homeostatic buffering. This study aims to evaluate the efficacy of GSH supplementation in the recovery of deteriorated liver functions in induced acute acetaminophen toxicity rats; in addition to determining its value in the preservation of DNA integrity in such toxicity. This experimental study was done on 36 albino rats which were divided into three groups (n=12 rats / group) as follows, group1: Control group, group 2: Acetaminophen (APAP) treated group, group 3: APAP and glutathione treated group. Each group was subdivided into 2 subgroups (n=6) and they were sacrificed at 12 hours and 24 hours sequentially. The extent of hepatic inflammation, oxidative stress, and DNA damage was evaluated using histopathological study, and comet analysis, and biochemical markers (ALT, GSH, and MDA). GSH supplementation (APAP and glutathione treated group) significantly improved liver functions resulting in; a statistically significant decrease in ALT levels, reducing Malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and preserving DNA integrity. GSH is a highly effective alternative in the treatment of APAP hepatotoxicity. Manuscript profile
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