durability

Open Access Article

1 - The Effect of 1 – methy Cyclopropene and Nano Particles of Potassium Permanganat on Qualitive Characteristics and Storage Life of Two Apple Cultivars
Bahram Pashazadeh Seyyed mahdi Seyedin Ardabili Hassan Hajnajari Farrokh Shavakhi Gholam hassan Asadi

Introduction: Apple is one of the most important horticultural crop that storage and post-harvest problems attract the growing interest of researchers and industry’s authorities. In this study, the effect of 1 - methyl cyclopropene (1-MCP) and ethylene nano-absorb More

Introduction: Apple is one of the most important horticultural crop that storage and post-harvest problems attract the growing interest of researchers and industry’s authorities. In this study, the effect of 1 - methyl cyclopropene (1-MCP) and ethylene nano-absorbent (potassium permanganat) as a new combination, effective and low cast treatment on the durability of apple and its storage was investigated.Materials and Methods: Two commercial apple cultivars, Wealthy and the native Dirras-e Mashhad, present in National Horticultural Research Station, kamalshahr-karaj were selected. The samples were harvested according to the starch index (2-2.5) and were pre-cooled for 24 hours and then treated with 1 ppm concentration of 1-methyl cyclopropene by spraying in an impenetrable atmosphere and maintained for 8 hours at room temperature and finally transferred into the cold room. Ethylene treatment was performed by placing the nano absorbent packets of 5 gr within the cardboard containers together with the non treated fruits as control. The samples were stored at 0.5 °C and 90% of relative humidity. Series of tests consisting of fruit weight, flesh firmness, ascorbic acid concentration, total soluble solids (TSS), titrable acidity (TA) and pH measurement were carried out on the sampls once a month in triplicate order. Sensory evaluations were carried out at the end of five months of storage period, comparing the treated samples of both cultivars with the control. The experiment was organized as completely randomized design and the collected data were analyzed by SAS software.Results: weight loss and flesh firmness in both experimental samples demonstrated less reduction as compared to the control the use of 1-MCP affected TSS, pH and TA significantly (p<0.05) and inhibited the rise pH and reduced also acidity TA during storage, while no significant effect (p>0/05) was noted by the use of nano-absorbent. The native 'Dirras-e Mashhad' showed higher pH value than 'Wealthy' under the combination of ENA and 1-MCP.Conclusion: The results showed that this technique can increase most characteristics of apples duringthe storage. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Evaluation of the Effect of Polyethylene Coating Based on Silver Nanoparticles on Increasing the Shelf Life, Qualitative and Microbial Parameters of Wheat Germ
M. Darab Sh. Shahriari H. Mozafari

Introduction: It is possible to increase the shelf life and maintain the quality of wheat germ during storage by using suitable packaging. One of the new technologies considered by researchers is the use of packaging based on nanoparticles.Materials and Methods: In this More

Introduction: It is possible to increase the shelf life and maintain the quality of wheat germ during storage by using suitable packaging. One of the new technologies considered by researchers is the use of packaging based on nanoparticles.Materials and Methods: In this study, wheat germs were packaged in polyethylene packages containing silver nanoparticles, and the effect of the packaging on the quality characteristics and shelf life of wheat germ were determined. In this research work, at determining the most optimal conditions for the packaging of wheat germ, the effects of weight percent (wt%) of nanosilver (0, 3, and 5%), time of storage (0, 5, and 10 days), and three different temperatures (2, 4, and 6 0C) on the shelf life of wheat germ have been studied.Results: The results showed that temperature, storage time, and concentration of nanosilver in polyethylene packaging had significant effects on moisture, pH, and enzyme activity of wheat germ. Experimental data indicated that the storage time of wheat germ increased by increasing the concentration of nanosilver from 3% to 5% and by decreasing temperature from 6 ° C to 2 ° C for ten days. Nanoparticle packages were significantly (P <0.05) able to reduce mold growth in wheat germ.Conclusion: Based on the results, it might be concluded that the application of films based on silver nanoparticles increases the shelf life of wheat germ. Wheat germ had the highest shelf life in packaging with 5% silver nanoparticles at 2 ° C and was selected as the selected sample. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - The concept of direct words in the Qur'an with a focus on dictionaries and the context of the verses
mahbubeh mousaeipour zohreh narimani

10.30495/qsf.2023.1987112.3036

Following the search for the explanation of God's enlightened goals for man, Darang in the verses of the Qur'an shows the use of each word in its unique meaning. This matter has sometimes been neglected by some commentators and translators of the Qur'an, More

Following the search for the explanation of God's enlightened goals for man, Darang in the verses of the Qur'an shows the use of each word in its unique meaning. This matter has sometimes been neglected by some commentators and translators of the Qur'an, and in some cases, they have not given the right to the semantic position of some words as they should. With the aim of compensating this gap, this research has investigated one of these words, the direct word, in the context of focusing on dictionaries, the context of the Qur'an, interpretations and translations of the Qur'an and with a simultaneous view of the meaning, and has tried to use a descriptive method. An analysis should explain the special semantic field of this word in terms of a more precise and informative meaning. The findings show; In the Qur'an, direct is not a complete meaning in the primary meaning of right or ultimately correct, and it induces a kind of stasis, reaching and lack of dynamism to the mind of its audience, but it has a more complete focus in the concept of inviolability, protection, durability and continuity; In line with conveying the strong message of the Qur'an, it has more guidance. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - components of Post-colonialism Mehdi Akhavan-Sales poem
seyedegohar norbakhsh Abdolhossein Farzad

One of the areas of new studies in the Third-World Countries and a critical approach to a set of theoretical approaches that emphasize the consequences of colonialism on colonial discourse analysis is Post-colonialism studies. Edward Said the real founder of  theor More

One of the areas of new studies in the Third-World Countries and a critical approach to a set of theoretical approaches that emphasize the consequences of colonialism on colonial discourse analysis is Post-colonialism studies. Edward Said the real founder of  theory  post-colonialism , The basis of his theory in his Orientalist essay is based on this. Western thinkers have mainly posited the wrong image of the Orient as "another." Edward Said believes that the consequences of colonialism in terms of chaos, coup, corruption, and civil wars and bloodshed continued to these days. Mehdi Akhavan Sales is one of the poets who narrate the presence of British and American colonialism in his poetry, in the literature of Iran. This descriptive analytic article is about expressing the post-colonial effects of his poetry. Studies show that Akhavan has spoken in a symbolic and illustrative language with poetic images of colonialism, and in his poems described a despondent atmosphere after colonial domination Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Determining the effect of auditors' skeptical personality traits with considering the characteristics of organizational behaviour on job Audit Durability
Azam Jari Daruosh Foroghi Hadi Amir

10.22034/amfa.2020.674950

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Open Access Article

6 - The Explanation of Architectural Components Affecting Monumental Tombs in Contemporary Iran
Masoumeh Yavari Simon Ayvazian

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Open Access Article

7 - A study on strength and durability of self-compacting concretes made of recycled aggregates
Moslem Mohammadi Jatani Ali Delnavaz

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Open Access Article

8 - The possible use of Sewage Sludge Ash (SSA) in Self-Consolidating Concrete (SCC) for environmental sustainability
Mohamadreza Khanban Mahdi Mahdikhani

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Open Access Article

9 - Investigating the Effects of Using Microsilica and Nanosilica on the Hardened Mechanical Properties and Durability of SCC Containing Recycled Aggregates
Reza Farokhzad mohsen mehrpoya

     Today, the wastes remaining from concrete degradation is considered as an environmental problem and is one of the biggest challenges in the building industry. Accordingly, many researchers have decided to re-use the materials of aggregates from More

     Today, the wastes remaining from concrete degradation is considered as an environmental problem and is one of the biggest challenges in the building industry. Accordingly, many researchers have decided to re-use the materials of aggregates from degradation in concrete production cycles. In this paper, attempts were made to assess and if possible to promote the mechanical and durability characteristics after the addition of nano-silica and micro-silica to self-compacting concrete containing recycled aggregates (obtained from worn concrete degradation). One of the points to be considered in this paper was the attempt to use tests such as half-pole testing and concrete wave velocity. In this regard, 72 mixture designs were studied in 8 collections. In these mixture designs, with respect to the content of recycled aggregates, the nano- and micro-contents were changed. Then, the samples underwent mechanical tests including compressive strength and tensile strength, and durability tests including corrosion potential, concrete wave velocity (ultrasonic) and electrical strength. After the tests, with an increase in the use of nano-silica and micro-silica, the efficiency and fluidity of the fresh concrete were reduced, and compressive strength and tensile strength were increased. Also, at fixed strength, nano-silica caused less efficiency and fluidity than micro-silica and also, with an increase in the content of recycled aggregates in concrete, efficiency and fluidity as well as compressive strength and tensile strength of concrete were reduced. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Reviewing Optimal Percent of Steel Fibers and their Effects on Lightweight Concrete Durability
Ali Ghods sanaz chahkandi Homayon navayi

Abstract In recent years, many researches are focused on optimizing the production of a kind of concrete with high strength and efficiency, and different methods including using fiber technology in concrete construction are proposed to achieve this goal. Fibers are one More

Abstract In recent years, many researches are focused on optimizing the production of a kind of concrete with high strength and efficiency, and different methods including using fiber technology in concrete construction are proposed to achieve this goal. Fibers are one of the materials that nowadays are added to concrete as reinforcement material. Considering the low weight and good resistance of this material and using a good percent of these materials in lightweight concrete can result in smaller segments with greater resistance.  In this paper, we try to study and evaluate the effects of steel fibers on the strength and also the amount of fibers in lightweight concrete. One of the strength experiments is wetting and drying which is used in this study. Also by reviewing dynamic properties of lightweight concrete made with pumice + leca and taftan and comparing with lightweight concrete which is armed with steel fiber, we can achieve the optimal percent of fiber in concrete. Experimental results are presented in graphs and charts. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Laboratory Study of Mechanical Properties and Durability of Concrete Containing Silica fume and Barchip Fibers
seyed ahmad eshta ali salighehzadeh

In recent years corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete has been recognized as one of the most important reasons for early damage in reinforced concrete structures. In marine environments, the release of ion chloride and ion sulfate into concrete resulted in corros More

In recent years corrosion of steel reinforcement in concrete has been recognized as one of the most important reasons for early damage in reinforced concrete structures. In marine environments, the release of ion chloride and ion sulfate into concrete resulted in corrosion, are the major cause of dameges and shortening the useful life of reinforced concrete structures. Because concrete is weak in tension and it is cracked due to the operation loads, chlorine ions can easily enter concrete through these cracks, causing corrosion of the rebars. Therefore, the fibers can reduce the corrosion of the bars in concrete by delaying of cracking or reducing the crack width as well as silica fume Pozzolan can decrease the rebars corrosion through reduction of  penetration of liquids. Accordingly, in the present study 5 concrete compositions were made. Silica fume pozzolan was added to the concrete mixtures by replacing 10 wt.% of the cement and Barchip fibers with values of 2.5, 3.5 and 5 kg/m3 were added to the concrete mixtures. In order to evaluate the mechanical properties, compressive and flexural strength tests, and for concrete durability, special electrical resistance and half-hour water absorption tests were performed. The results show that silica fume is effective in decreasing of half-hour water absorption and increasing of the specific electrical, compressive and flexural strength of concrete, and the combined application of silica fume and Barchip fibers enhances the flexural strength of concrete up to 65%. There is also a decrease in electrical resistance and an increase in compressive strength and half-hour water absorption by the addition of Barchip fibers to the concrete composition containing silica fume Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - Laboratory Evaluation of Dynamic Modulus of Elasticity Cement-Based Grout to Improve the Quality by Using Nano and Micro-Technology
meysam shirzad shahrivar Amin Gholizad

Measurements of the speed of passing ultrasonic waves are used to determine the quality and strength of materials. Velocity of ultrasonic waves of solids depends on the density and elasticity characteristics. The quality of material depends on the firmness and elasticit More

Measurements of the speed of passing ultrasonic waves are used to determine the quality and strength of materials. Velocity of ultrasonic waves of solids depends on the density and elasticity characteristics. The quality of material depends on the firmness and elasticity of the, so measurement of the speed of passing waves can be used to determine the  quality of and elastic properties. According to the application of cement based grout to bridge the gap between the members and the concrete foundation and the ability to absorb and transmit static and dynamic loads by grout into the foundation, structural engineers need to grout with high quality, strength and durability that has a strong internal structure and with minimal pores and cavities inside. Ultrasound waves passing speed test is done to check these features and its results are presented based on dynamic modulus of elasticity. The results show that the modified grout mix with nano-silica, silica fume, and dynamic modulus of elasticity increased so that by replacing 1% nano-silica powder and 20% micro silica powder in grout combination with cement, dynamic modulus of elasticity  increased  to 64%. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - Determination of the Properties of Self-compacting Concrete Containing Metakaolin as a Replacement for Cement and Limestone Powder
Seyed Fathollah Sajedi Milad Orak

10.30495/civil.2022.689514

Today, the tendency to use self-compacting concrete (SCC) is expanding due to its advantages. Manufacturing of SCC requires increasing the amount of cement used, which will result in the more environmental pollution due to the increased cement production, trying to use More

Today, the tendency to use self-compacting concrete (SCC) is expanding due to its advantages. Manufacturing of SCC requires increasing the amount of cement used, which will result in the more environmental pollution due to the increased cement production, trying to use pozzolans to reduce cement consumption will be an essential step towards sustainable development. So, efforts to use pozzolans to reduce cement consumption will be an essential step towards sustainable development. Accordingly, in this study, by replacing a part of the cement and limestone powder with metakaolin as an active pozzolan, some properties of the produced concrete including rheology, mechanical and durability were evaluated. For this aim, metakaolin with 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% replaced the cement and limestone powder, respectively (without changing the cement content). The self-compacting properties of the concrete specimens were evaluated in the form of slump flow tests, L-box, U-box and J-ring, as well as mechanical properties including compressive and splitting tensile strength, and durability including water penetration depth and rapid chloride ion penetration (RCPT). The results present that the utility of metakaolin in the manufacturing of self-compacting concrete as an independent alternative to the part of cement and limestone powder has improved the mechanical properties of concrete, but has reduced its consistency. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to increase the percentage of consumable superplasticizer used until it reaches the desired consistency level. Replacement of cement by 20% metakaolin reduced water permeability and RCPT by 35% and 20%, respectively, and replacing of the limestone powder by 35% metakaolin reduced water permeability and RCPT by 70% and 35%, respectively. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - An experimental study on effects of glass fiber and Metakaolin on the rheological, mechanical, and durability properties of self compacting concrete
Mir Pouya Naseri Alavi Payam Shafiei Hassan Javanshir

     Previous studies has shown that reinforced self-compacting concrete with fiber is more suitable for structural performance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Metkaolin and alkali resistant glass fibers on the performance o More

     Previous studies has shown that reinforced self-compacting concrete with fiber is more suitable for structural performance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Metkaolin and alkali resistant glass fibers on the performance of self-compacting concrete. In this study, the rheological properties (L-Box, Slump flow, T50) and mechanical properties (compressive strength, tensile and flexural strength), and durability (chloride ion penetration and water absorption) have been investigated. The results of the experiments showed that by increasing the amount of fiber, the concrete performance decreases. It was also found that the glass fiber had no positive effect on the compressive strength of the concrete. The tensile and flexural strength of self-compacting reinforced concrete increases with increasing fiber content. Durability studies have shown that the presence of glass fiber initially increases the resistance to chloride ion penetration and then reduces it, and also increases the gradual absorption of concrete water. The results of the experiments showed that the simultaneous presence of Metkaolin and glass fibers with optimal percentages can significantly improve the mechanical properties and durability of self-compacting concrete Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - Long-term effect of chloride ion penetration on concrete durability in the Persian Gulf coast
Mohammadreza Ehsandoost Abraham Zare

Due to the widespread use of concrete structures in different climatic conditions, the issue of damage to these types of structures and as a result of their repair and maintenance, is one of the main topics discussed by concrete experts. One of the causes of corrosion o More

Due to the widespread use of concrete structures in different climatic conditions, the issue of damage to these types of structures and as a result of their repair and maintenance, is one of the main topics discussed by concrete experts. One of the causes of corrosion of steel in reinforced concrete in corrosive environments, especially on the shores of the Persian Gulf, is chloride ion. There are many factors affecting the penetration of chlorine ions in concrete, all of which can be summarized in the quality of concrete. One of the main materials used in reinforced concrete structures in corrosive conditions is surface coating. In this study, the performance of five different types of processing in the marine environment (Persian Gulf) was investigated. Have: 27-day treatment with water, 6-day treatment with water, 3-day treatment with water, 1-day treatment with water, treatment with curing agent and without curing. Based on the results, the best performance in terms of resistance to chloride ion penetration varies depending on the exposure conditions. Observations show that curing with curing agent has a good performance in terms of resistance Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Presentation a Model of Durability Architecture in the Design of Commercial Complexes in Post-Corona Era (Case Study: Tabriz City)
Elham Hatami Golzari

Introduction: Architecture is considered as a container for human life and in this regard, is necessary which the continuity/evolution in the dimensions of the durability of architectural buildings and the influence of external factors, should be considered urban design More

Introduction: Architecture is considered as a container for human life and in this regard, is necessary which the continuity/evolution in the dimensions of the durability of architectural buildings and the influence of external factors, should be considered urban designers and architects, in order for the interaction and social interaction between the individual and that work to be formed based on the interaction between the characteristics of the work and the mental image of the audience.Research Aim: Considering the importance of architectural permanence in the context of time and the impact of various factors, the purpose of this study is to presentation a model of durability architecture (continuity/evolution) in the design of Tabriz commercial complexes in the post-Crown era.Methodology: The research method is mixed (a combination of quantitative-qualitative methods) with a practical purpose and analytical-contextual nature, and in order to analyze the information has been used structural equation modeling in AMOS software.Studied Area: The geographical scope of the research includes the city of Tabriz and its commercial complexes.Results: Findings show that among the internal variables (architecture itself) the most impact on the durability of architecture is related to the strength of structures, attention to technology and technology in architecture and emphasis on values and culture of society with a value of 0.92, 0.88 and 0.85 respectively and among the external variables (corona effect) related to the variety of services for the benefit of the residents of the area (region) and the lack of extensive relocation, considering a precondition at the entrance of the complex to disinfect and use new materials with anti-aging properties. Bacterial values are 0.84, 0.70 and 0.66, respectively.Conclusion: The results indicate that the sustainable architectural model of commercial complexes can be compiled based on the consideration of the background factors (the architecture itself) and external factors (the effects of the epidemic) in the three dimensions of body, function and identity-meaning. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Rock mass rating system with application to construction of breakwaters, southeast of Iran
Alireza Nasehi

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Open Access Article

18 - The Effect of Olive Leaf Extract on Physicochemical, Microbial and Shelf-life Characteristics of Chicken Nuggets
Maryam Pourhoseini Alireza Rahman

The primary objective of this study was to examine the effects of olive leaf extracts on the quality characteristics and shelf-life of chicken nuggets .Chicken nuggets were treated with aqueous and ethanolic extract of olive leaves (at levels: 0.25 and 0.35%) and the re More

The primary objective of this study was to examine the effects of olive leaf extracts on the quality characteristics and shelf-life of chicken nuggets .Chicken nuggets were treated with aqueous and ethanolic extract of olive leaves (at levels: 0.25 and 0.35%) and the results were compared with chicken nuggets without additives. The treatments were stored in the freezer for 6 months and on days 0, 45, 90, 135 and 180, physicochemical characteristics and microbial samples were checked . Addition of ethanolic extract to nugget formulation increases the pH during storage, the pH values of all tests gradually increased. By increasing the concentration of olive leaf extract in the samples, the moisture content and cooking efficiency increased significantly. During storage, moisture content and cooking efficiency of nugget samples decreased. By adding olive leaf extracts to the nuggets, the color indices were improved. Microbial tests revealed that the number of salmonella and coliforms in all samples was negative. The addition of aqueous and ethanol extracts of olive leaves to the nugget formulation reduced the microbial load, so that the bacterial count of the samples containing the extracts was essentially lower than the control. By increasing the extract levels in the samples, the microbial load was decreased. Sensory evaluation showed that the lowest sensory score was related to the sample containing 0.35% ethanol extract, but there was no noteworthy distinction between other tests. It can be concluded that olive leaf extricate can be utilized as a normal preservative in chicken nugget formulation. Manuscript profile

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