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Open Access Article
1 - Evaluation of Soil Effect on the Response of Single Degree of Freedom System
علی گل افشار داوود عدالتی محمد حسین ثقفیIn the common practice design of structures, one of the most important design parameters is design spectrum. design spectrum can divided to two category. first linear design spectrum and second nonlinear design spectrum. Exact determination of nonlinear design spectrum MoreIn the common practice design of structures, one of the most important design parameters is design spectrum. design spectrum can divided to two category. first linear design spectrum and second nonlinear design spectrum. Exact determination of nonlinear design spectrum needs to nonlinear dynamic Analysis of single degree of freedom system. Because of time consuming of such analysis previous researchers determine many relation for estimating of nonlinear spectrum from elastic spectrum. In this Article Three relations of previous study have been selected and then twenty records of earthquake for soil types have been extracted from earthquake database of PEER database. for each record linear and nonlinear exact dynamic time history carried out and maximum displacement and acceleration is drawn versus elastic period of single degrees of freedom system. After this, linear spectrum is estimated based on elastic exact analysis and nonlinear spectrum is estimated based on relations of previous researchers. Comparison of exact and approximate results are carried out for displacement and acceleration response of nonlinear spectrum. Assessing the result revealed that relation based on Miranda and Krawinkler are matching better than Bazan with respect to exact nonlinear dynamic analysis Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Compressive Strength and Ductility of Concrete Wrapped by CFRP
Seiyed Ali Haj Seiyed Taghia Behzad Saeedi Razavi Hamid Reza Darvishvand -
Open Access Article
3 - Design Approach of Bolts and Sandwiching Steel Plates in Hybrid-Sandwiching Systems Based on FEM
Alireza Zaferani Pasha Javadi Parham MemarzadehConventional reduced beam sections (RBS) maintain their capacity with up to 4% drift angle, after which local buckling at the reduced section significantly reduces their resistance. The use of hybrid-sandwiched reduced beam sections (HS-RBS) in the reduced section of co MoreConventional reduced beam sections (RBS) maintain their capacity with up to 4% drift angle, after which local buckling at the reduced section significantly reduces their resistance. The use of hybrid-sandwiched reduced beam sections (HS-RBS) in the reduced section of conventional RBS beams previously proposed by the authors can increase the energy absorption capacity, allowing the beam to reach 7% drift without losing capacity. The experimental results indicate that placing the HS-RBS in the reduced section of the RBS beam does not disrupt its main role in forming a plastic joint in the reduced section. HS-RBS is comprised of grout, nuts and bolts, and the sandwiching plates. In this system, the bolts and the sandwiching plate enclose the grout and the bolts are placed in the grout on two sides of the beam web in the reduced section to increase the grout's capacity to resist the tensile stresses arising from the web buckling. The sandwiching plate is located in the reduced section on two sides of the flange to enclose the grout and increase the buckling resistance of the flange. This study employed finite element modeling (FEM) to analyse beam bolts with different diameters for different sections of the HS-RBS to obtain the best diameter for each bolt. Moreover, sandwiching plates with different thicknesses were examined to find the best thickness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - An Economical and Behavioral Comparison of Steel Special, Intermediate, and Ordinary Moment Resisting Frames
Sedigheh Gheisari -
Open Access Article
5 - Evaluation of Torsional Single Story Structure During Earthquake According to Canadian provision
Seiyed Ali Haj Seiyed Taghia Masoud Ebrahimi Abdoulreza Sarvghad Moghadamc -
Open Access Article
6 - Post-Tensioned Steel Connections Self-Centering Behavior Using the Finite Element Method
Mahmoudreza Shiravand Ahmadreza Torabipour -
Open Access Article
7 - The New Generation of Concrete with the Approach of Ductility: Review
Javad Chegini -
Open Access Article
8 - Comparison of plasticity and stiffness of steel shear walls with composite steel plate shear wall
Leila Shahryari Mahdi Esfandiari -
Open Access Article
9 - Evaluation of Damage Index in RC Shear Wall Structures with Intermediate Ductility
Mostafa shekari saman yagmae Hamed torabiAbstract Regarding the seismic hazard potential of Iran region and the damage exerted on the buildings during previous earthquakes, the developments of seismic engineering and vulnerability of buildings should be further taken into account. Due to the increasing use of MoreAbstract Regarding the seismic hazard potential of Iran region and the damage exerted on the buildings during previous earthquakes, the developments of seismic engineering and vulnerability of buildings should be further taken into account. Due to the increasing use of reinforced concrete buildings in Iran, three 6.12.18 stories concrete flexural frames with shear wall system were selected and after designing based on 9th capture of Iranian national codes and the 2800 standard code were simulated via IDARC software with the capability of nonlinear dynamic analysis. After choosing the reliable accelographs adjustment with Iran tectonic conditions the damage estimates of these structures were investigated through performing nonlinear dynamic analysis. Note that the Ang-Park damage index was used as a reliable criteria for investigation of seismic response of reinforced concrete systems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Evaluation and Comparison of Seismic Behavior of Steel High-rise Buildings Applying Concrete and Steel Shear Walls
Seyed Fathollah Sajedi Farid SoleimaniOne of the effective factors in the designing process of buildings is how to control and manage the seismic force to achieve the optimal seismic resistance while maintaining proper ductility. In this regard, the application of various bracing systems in the construction MoreOne of the effective factors in the designing process of buildings is how to control and manage the seismic force to achieve the optimal seismic resistance while maintaining proper ductility. In this regard, the application of various bracing systems in the construction of high-rise buildings, such as steel and concrete shear walls is a common solution. Therefore, in this research, once considering the soil-structure interaction and again without considering the impact of this interaction on two 10 and 15-story structures, different models of ABAQUS software were presented in the presence of steel and concrete shear walls. The nonlinear analytical method was investigated. For this purpose, by modeling the structures mentioned in the software, the effect of using steel and concrete shear walls was analyzed in terms of the impact of soil-structure interaction and without it. The results of modeling for 10-story structures showed that the performance of the structure with steel shear wall is better than concrete shear wall. In addition, the results obtained for the 15-story structure showed that the performance of this structure with steel shear wall was better than concrete shear wall. In general, the results present that the steel shear wall exhibits better behavior than the concrete shear wall. In general, it was found that by taking into account the soil-structure interaction in the modeling performed for both types of structures, the outputs are closer to reality. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Introducing and Numerical Modelling of a Type of Reinforced Composite Panel as a Modern Technology in the Construction Industry
mehrdad movahednia Mohammad Reza TabeshpourBased on numerous studies, using weak and fragile building materials such as traditional brick due to their high weight, low strength, and low ductility during earthquake will cause the most casualties and losses. Observations from past earthquakes indicate that many st MoreBased on numerous studies, using weak and fragile building materials such as traditional brick due to their high weight, low strength, and low ductility during earthquake will cause the most casualties and losses. Observations from past earthquakes indicate that many structures have undergone remarkable damage even in moderate earthquakes. Low ductility and strength, high weight and severe strength degradation under seismic loads are responsible for these buildings failures. In this paper, behavior of a modern reinforced composite gypsum panel is evaluated and compared with corresponding panels made with traditional materials. The cheap and accessible basic materials used for making these panels result in favorable performance including a significant increase in the tensile and compressive strength as well as providing panels with integrity. So that when it breaks down, its particles do not disintegrate. In order to determine the basic mechanical properties of such panels, numerous standard tensile, compressive, and shear tests have been performed on various panel specimens at the materials laboratory of the faculty of mechanical engineering, Sharif University of Technology. Considerable ductility, strength, energy dissipation capacity, minimum cost, and fast construction are among the features of the proposed panel. Applying the finite element simulation, the buckling force of these composite gypsum panels were determined, which shows high buckling capacity. Subsequently, parametric studies were performed to evaluate the effects of openings on the behavior of these panels as load-bearing walls. The results of experimental tests for this type of panel presented that tensile strength is 4.3 Kg/Cm2 and compressive strength of panel is 18 Kg/Cm2, which are more considerable in comparison with the other traditional masonry materials. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - The Effect of SMA Damper on Energy Dissipation and Eduction of Vibration Amplitude of Multi-Story Steel Frames
Ali Seyedkazemi milad esmaeili saman eftekhar ardabili morteza hoseinali beygiIn recent years, the idea of using durable materials which are capable of absorbing energy and have high ductility are highlighted in structural engineering. One example of these materials is shape memory alloys which show predefined physical properties in different c MoreIn recent years, the idea of using durable materials which are capable of absorbing energy and have high ductility are highlighted in structural engineering. One example of these materials is shape memory alloys which show predefined physical properties in different conditions. These materials show little residual strain under loading and unloading cycles even when passing through the yield area. In fact, they create regenerative forces in structures. In this study, the effect of shape memory alloys on energy dissipation and reducing vibration amplitude of multi-story steel frame is investigated. For the present purpose, shape memory alloy rebars are used in the middle of the diagonal elements of braces. ABAQUS software is used in the present study. To validate models, first, two-story braced frame with shape memory alloy used in the laboratory studies of Han et al (2003) is modeled and analyzed in the software. The results obtained by the two laboratory and analytical methods are in acceptable agreement. To investigate the effect of height on the seismic performance of the buildings equipped with this type of dampers, 3- and 12-story buildings were considered and reciprocating nonlinear analysis and nonlinear dynamic time history analysis using Tabas accelerogram were performed. Results show that using this type of dampers cause quick energy dissipation and a significant reduction in the vibration amplitude and base shear so that the existence of shape memory alloy in 3-story building makes the ability of the structural system in dissipating energy and the initial stiffness of the system increase 2.5 and 2 times respectively. Moreover, with an increase in height, its effectiveness in controlling the seismic response of structure is reduced between 10-15 percent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Investigation of linear and nonlinear performance of the simpson strong-tie connection
Ali Ghamari Farzin Ghaffari Leila HosseinzadehAfter the Northridge earthquake, it was determined that the beam-to-column connections in the moment frames were weak and needed to be revised. In recent years, the use of bolted connections have expanded and replaced almost welded connections. The US Code of Conduct (A MoreAfter the Northridge earthquake, it was determined that the beam-to-column connections in the moment frames were weak and needed to be revised. In recent years, the use of bolted connections have expanded and replaced almost welded connections. The US Code of Conduct (AISC358-16) introduced a new connection called the Simpson Connection, which is a semi-rigid connection with the idea of damage control. Progressive connection is a new and smart type of screw connection that includes a weakened plate, end plate, corner as well as a buckle plate. The main purpose of this study is to investigate the linear and nonlinear behavior of Simpson connectivity using ABAQUS software. The baseline sample was selected from the model outlined in US Code (AISC358-16). To gain a better understanding of the new Simpson junction model, 14 numerical specimens were modeled and the strengths and weaknesses of the models including ductility, stiffness, strength, and energy absorption of the models were compared. In this connection, the geometry of weakened plate and its performance is important. In so doing, variables such as mid-length, mid-width, initial length, as well as stiffeners were evaluated in the initial length of the weakened plate. The model with a thickness of 30 mm thicker than the other models with respect to the mentioned characteristics, showed acceptable results including anchor tolerance of 1010 kN.m and energy absorption of 55.53 kN/mm which showed that its use is suitable for areas with high seismicity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Extension of Genetic Algorithm Relationships for Estimating the Global Ductility of EBFs under Near-fault Pulse-type Earthquake
Seyed Abdonnabi Razavi Navid Siahpolo Mehdi Mahdavi Adeli Mohamad Bahmani Seyed Afshin Mohebi Bahram BarriDuctility of the structure is the ability to withstand trans-elastic deformations of the structure without a significant drop in strength. Examining the results of past earthquakes and the damage to structures makes its ductility and supply in the structure an important MoreDuctility of the structure is the ability to withstand trans-elastic deformations of the structure without a significant drop in strength. Examining the results of past earthquakes and the damage to structures makes its ductility and supply in the structure an important issue. In this paper, in order to take advantage of the strengths of the design method based on the performance and computational ease of force design methods, frames with 3, 6, 9, 12, 15 and 20 floors have been considered. Then, a large database consisting of 12960 data was generated and designed with the purpose of 3 types of column stiffness and 3 degrees of bracing thinness and analyzed against 20 earthquakes near pulsed faults for 4 different performance levels. Finally, using the genetic algorithm, the experimental relationships corresponding to the coefficients of behavior, global ductility and link beam ductility are presented. The proposed relationships are influenced by geometric characteristics such as the number of floors, the stiffness ratio of the columns, the slenderness of the braces, the length of link beam, and the ductility levels. The results of seismic design using the proposed relationships on structures outside the range of the defined database, in comparison with the force methods, show the accuracy of this method in estimating the seismic needs of divergent bracing frames. It can be concluded that based on the production relations of the database, and the validation of the production relations, the results of the structural design by the resulting relations have an acceptable validity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Angular Earthquake Coefficient in Irregular Structures on Plan
Mohammad reza Bahari Alireza faroughi mohammad ghanoonibaghaToday is a common method of seismic design of structures in the regulations are based on the static method equivalent and Determine the base shear design by using The linear spectrum. To determine the base shear, a coefficient called earthquake coefficient is used. In t MoreToday is a common method of seismic design of structures in the regulations are based on the static method equivalent and Determine the base shear design by using The linear spectrum. To determine the base shear, a coefficient called earthquake coefficient is used. In this article first, Methods of calculation and factors affecting the behavior of factors are investigated. Then a number of steel structures with lateral load systems MRF and CBF, with the number of floors 3, 7 and 10 Irregular on the plan is evaluated. By performing a non-linear static analysis under the influence of lateral loads، Ductility and their coefficient of resistance in different angles Due to the limitation of local ductility in structural elements (Based on maximum drift) and finally the behavior coefficients (Given the values obtained from the analysis) will be counted. It is assumed that the angular behavior coefficients follow a rectangular rule so that the values of the angular behavior coefficient with the length of the line from the origin with the desired angle in a rectangle whose sides are the coefficient of behavior of the main structure of the structure is equal. Then, the values of the angular behavior coefficient obtained from this rule are compared with the values obtained from nonlinear static analysis. According to the results, it is also observed that the angular behavior coefficients obtained from this type of analysis are slightly higher than their values from the rectangular base, and follow this rule well. As well as structures at these angles relative to the main directions shows better behavior. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Numerical Study of the Position and Dimensions of the Openings on the Seismic Ductility of the Reinforced Concrete Slab - Column Connections Having Flexural Reinforcing and Shear Bolts
Nasibe motazaker mohamadali lotfolahiyaginABSTRACT Concrete slabs are of the main components of the concrete structures. Implementing flat slab is more simple and economic than other ones owing to it’s ease of formatting. Furthermore, the flat MoreABSTRACT Concrete slabs are of the main components of the concrete structures. Implementing flat slab is more simple and economic than other ones owing to it’s ease of formatting. Furthermore, the flat slabs mostly utilized in the buildings with relatively irregular plans of flat slab- column structures. Unfortunately, the typical structures are ready to punching are prone to shear failure, but such shear brittle failure can be controlled by reinforcing the shear. Shear bolts is a shear strengthening method the influence of which on the slabs has been investigated in the present study. In practical situations, it is often necessary to create openings in slab to allow electrical, water or air conditioning ducts to go through floors. The existence of openings and their form along with their dimensions and slab-column connections impact the strength and ductility of the slabs. These specimens were placed under vertical load and cyclic lateral loads. The vertical load for each specimen was kept and cyclic lateral load increased. When the peak tension created, displacement in different points of slab and ductility were compared among different specimens. The analysis results show that shear bolts can increase lateral peak load resisting capacity, the lateral drift capacity at peak load, and also the ductility of the slab-column connections. Shear bolts also change the failure mode of the slab-column connections. Shear bolts capacity of the slab resist the lateral loads increases. The square opening dimensions are smaller better and circular opening more ductility to square opening one with same space. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Investigation of the Factors affecting the Ductility of Steel Plate Shear Wall with Corrugated Sheet under Cyclic Loading
Zaman Majidinia Kourosh Mehdizadeh Abbasali Sadeghi Seyede Vahide HashemiNowadays, it is recommended to use non-stiffened steel plate shear wall. One of the innovations that can be applied to the steel plate shear wall is the use of corrugated sheets instead of flat sheets. Therefore, corrugated sheets are utilized to delay the occuranc MoreNowadays, it is recommended to use non-stiffened steel plate shear wall. One of the innovations that can be applied to the steel plate shear wall is the use of corrugated sheets instead of flat sheets. Therefore, corrugated sheets are utilized to delay the occurance of buckling. In this study, regarding to the importance of the subject, to ensure the accuracy of the modeling, a laboratory sample of Choi and Park was selected for verification and after ensuring the accuracy of the results, 8 samples of corrugated sheet steel plate shear wall were modelled by ABAQUS software. In these samples, parameters such as thickness of the steel sheet, the length-to-width ratio of the sheet (a/­b) and change in the geometric characteristics of the perimeterial elements are investigated. Numerical results presented that the stability of the hysteresis curve cycles in the specimen with a plate thickness of 8 mm was not constant, as observed in the final loading steps, loss of resistance and local buckling in the loading cycles. Numerically, it can be said that the sample with a sheet thickness of 8 mm has the highest bearing capacity compared to the samples with a sheet thickness of 4 and 6 mm. The effect of boundary elements on the performance of the specimens was negligible. Finally, it was revealed that with increasing the length of the sheet relative to its height, the amount of plasticity has significantly increased. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Seismic Performance Evaluation of Composite Steel Shear Walls with Emphasis on Thickness of Infill Plate and Concrete Cover
Morteza Rastakhiz Ahmad MalekiSince the application of composite shear wall is increasing rapidly throughout the world, it is necessary to study its behavior. General interest of engineers in using this unique system due to its application and behavior indicates the need for better understanding of MoreSince the application of composite shear wall is increasing rapidly throughout the world, it is necessary to study its behavior. General interest of engineers in using this unique system due to its application and behavior indicates the need for better understanding of this system. In this paper, by modeling composite shear walls and using Abaqus software and its verification, the results have been used for modeling composite shear wall with emphasis on the impact of number and diameter of bolts under cyclic loading. Solid and shell cements are used for modeling concrete and steel elements respectively. The results of the numerical study shows that 3×3 and 3×2.5 configuration with diameter of 22.2 millimeters of bolts are the best sizes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Numerical investigation of the new steel connection using short stub column
mehrdad taheripour Farzad Hatami Reza RaoufiThere is little evidence of the formation of plastic zones in damagd structures in diffrent types of earthquakes. Most of the conducted studies have focused on creating a plastic hinge in a part of the beam making irreparable damage to the beam. If the plastic joi MoreThere is little evidence of the formation of plastic zones in damagd structures in diffrent types of earthquakes. Most of the conducted studies have focused on creating a plastic hinge in a part of the beam making irreparable damage to the beam. If the plastic joint in the beam does not occur, a force will be created which is more than the plastic moment of the beam and will be transferred to the connection and finally to the column. This will either cause the brittle failure of the connection or damage to the panel zone of the column. Therefore, in this research, four connections with new geometry have been proposed aimed at reducing damage in beams and columns and creating the possibility of replacing damaged parts. In general, the presented connections are suggested by replacement of an H or I-shaped cross section along with or replacing of an end-plate, as a short stub column. In this reserch, first, a finite element model of the end-plate connection, which is a combination of welding and screwing subjected to cyclic loading was selected. Then, after the validation of Abaqus software, a study was carried out on the proposed connections. The results indicate that the stub region, with its nonlinear behavior, creates a controlled limited joint with extraordinary ductility. Yielding in the stub causes its fusion behavior and prevents damage to beams and columns. It also significantly reduces the plastic stress and strain in the panel zone of the column. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Failure area evaluation of the coupler with threaded bar: Experimental and Numerical study
mohamad reza shokrzadeh Fariborz Nateghi Allahe Mohammad Reza Mansoori, pasha pasha -
Open Access Article
21 - The effect of different arrangements of longitudinal reinforcements on the capacity of wide concrete beams
Javad Mahdian pari alireza faroughiA beam that has a width greater than the width of the column connected to it is called a wide beam. Due to the reduction in the height of the beams in this type of system, many advantages are created, including reducing the costs of molding and construction, increasing MoreA beam that has a width greater than the width of the column connected to it is called a wide beam. Due to the reduction in the height of the beams in this type of system, many advantages are created, including reducing the costs of molding and construction, increasing the execution speed, reducing the height of the floor and of course increasing the number of floors in high-rise buildings, as well as including Other advantages of these beams from the architectural point of view are the hiding of the beams in the roof of the structure. In concrete structure design, ductility is one of the important parameters. The ductile behavior of the structure has a significant effect in reducing the design forces caused by the earthquake due to its energy absorption and loss. The role of reinforcement in the ductility of concrete is very important. In this article, a concrete beam with six different types of longitudinal rebar arrangement has been selected for study and four-point loading has been applied to the models. All models have been analyzed in ABAQUS finite element software. The results indicate that; The pattern of placing the rebar crosswise and diagonally has less hardness, ductility and resistance than other models. The highest amount of energy absorption was related to the model with six bars in a trapezoidal arrangement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - Ductility-based Seismic Design Of Steel Plate Shear Walls: Practical Application Using Standard Sections
Mayank K. Gupta Swapnil B. Kharmale Siddhartha Ghosh -
Open Access Article
23 - Reliability Index For Reinforced Concrete Frames Using Nonlinear Pushover And Dynamic Analysis
Ahmad A. Fallah Abdoreza S. Moghadam Saeed Mohammadzadeh -
Open Access Article
24 - Estimating an appropriate plastic concrete mixing design for cutoff walls to control leakage under the earth dam.
A Pashazadeh M Khosravi N Ganjian -
Open Access Article
25 - The correlation between fracture surface morphology and toughness/ductility in Zr46(Cu4.5/5.5Ag1/5.5)46Al8 bulk metallic glass
Mohammad Taghi Asadi KhanoukiIn this research, the fracture behavior and ductile to brittle transition (DBT) phenomenon, as well as the correlation between fracture surface morphologies and ductility/toughness in a Zr-based bulk metallic glass (BMG) is investigated. The amorphous alloy was produced MoreIn this research, the fracture behavior and ductile to brittle transition (DBT) phenomenon, as well as the correlation between fracture surface morphologies and ductility/toughness in a Zr-based bulk metallic glass (BMG) is investigated. The amorphous alloy was produced by arc melting pure elements and suction casting into a water-cooled copper mold. Then, the three point bending test was used at two temperatures of 77 and 298 K and displacement rate of 0.2 mm/min. Fracture surfaces were observed through scanning electron microscopy after bending tests. The fracture toughness of samples is determined by measuring the size of fracture surface morphologies, and the brittle and ductile fracture mechanisms were theoretically studied by using the fluid meniscus instability model. Although the Zr-based BMG is nearly ductile at room temperature, at very low temperature (77 K) it becomes more brittle. Results show that the mean fracture toughness changes from ~16 MPa.m1/2 at 298 K to ~3.5 MPa.m1/2 at 77 K. Furthermore, the critical wavelength of meniscus instability (λc) is calculated to be 127 nm for the present alloy. According to the results, if the initial wavelength of meniscus instability (λI) is smaller than the λc, periodic nano-corrugation morphologies can be observed on the fracture surface. On the contrary, if λI is larger than λc, the dimples or vein-like patterns are more likely to be form on the fracture surface. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - INVESTIGATING THE SEISMIC PERFORMANCE OF THE HONEYCOMB YIELDING DAMPER(HYD)
peyman shadman heidari Mohammad Ghanooni Bagha Zeinolabedi MortezaaliToday, the use of energy-dissipating system such as yielding metal damper in structures can improve the seismic performance of structures. One of the characteristics of metal yielding dampers is the ability to dissipate high energy and increase the ductility of the stru MoreToday, the use of energy-dissipating system such as yielding metal damper in structures can improve the seismic performance of structures. One of the characteristics of metal yielding dampers is the ability to dissipate high energy and increase the ductility of the structural system, which can improve the ductility and energy absorption characteristics of the metal frame equipped with braces and prevent the brace from buckling during an earthquake. The purpose of this research is introduce a new form of yielding dampers called honeycomb yielding damper (HYD) with different dimensions and thickness along with evaluating and comparing the force-displacement diagrams and investigating the seismic parameters of this type of yielding damper. All modeling and validation of numerical samples were done by Ansys software. Non-linear analysis method is used in this research. The hysteresis curves are obtained under in-plane cyclic loads. The mechanical parameters such as ductility ratio, initial hardness, effective hardness and damping coefficient can be determin. The results of this research showed that the effective stiffness increases by increasing the length and thickness of the sample. The ductility ratio decreases by increasing the height of the sample. the effective stiffness decreases by increasing the height of the sample. The ductility ratio increases by increasing the height of the sample. Also, the effective damping coefficient decreases with the increase in the height of the samples, the effective damping coefficient increases with the increase in length and thickness of the samples. Manuscript profile
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