developing countries

Open Access Article

1 - Examining and explaining the challenges of the administrative system in the third world
Motahara Salehi Abdolali Keshtegar

Developing countries, growing societies, third world, are all titles to describe a group of countries that have economic, political, administrative, social, cultural, technical and technological similarities. One of the common aspects between third world countries is th More

Developing countries, growing societies, third world, are all titles to describe a group of countries that have economic, political, administrative, social, cultural, technical and technological similarities. One of the common aspects between third world countries is the characteristics of the administrative system governing these societies and the problems caused by them. The mentioned characteristics are similar in a way that distinguishes these countries from other countries. The characteristics and problems of the administrative system governing such countries are fundamental, and its characteristics include common challenges that can reduce economic capabilities, reduce the quality of public services, weaken good governance and sustainable development. In this article, we present a framework for studies on the challenges and problems of the administrative system using the meta-combination method and using the PRISMA protocol. In this regard, 300 articles taken from the databases of Google Scholar, Elsevier, Science Direct, isi, mendeley, researchgate, were examined in the period of 2008 to 2023. After performing two stages of screening, 24 studies were identified as articles for deeper analysis, and finally, a study framework was presented in the challenges and problems of the administrative system. The results of the research indicated that policy-making is very vital to deal with the challenges of the administrative system in third world countries. In any planning, the approaches and solutions used are very important. Planning should be done according to the local conditions and specific characteristics of each country and region. It includes culture, history, and social and economic conditions. However, it is recommended to conduct more extensive studies in this regard. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Investigating the Impact of Financial Development Management Policies on the Composition of Government Expenditures: A Case Study of Developing Countries
mina mostafavii

including countries; Argentina, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belarus, Brazil, Chile, China, Colombia, India, Indonesia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Morocco, Pakistan, Russia, Romania, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Uruguay. The panel model framework was used to analyze th More

including countries; Argentina, Azerbaijan, Bahrain, Bangladesh, Belarus, Brazil, Chile, China, Colombia, India, Indonesia, Iran, Kazakhstan, Mexico, Morocco, Pakistan, Russia, Romania, Thailand, Tunisia, Turkey, Uruguay. The panel model framework was used to analyze the data, which showed the results of the first model estimates; The logarithm of the broad definition of money has a negative and significant effect, the logarithm of the ratio of stock value to GDP has a negative and significant effect and per capita production also has a positive and significant effect on health costs. Also, the results of the second model estimates showed that the logarithm of the broad definition of money has a negative and significant effect, the logarithm of the ratio of stock value to GDP has a negative and significant effect and per capita production has a positive and significant effect on educational costs. Finally, the results of the third model estimates showed that the logarithm of the broad definition of money has a negative and significant impact, the logarithm of the ratio of stock value to GDP has a negative and significant impact and per capita production also has a negative and significant impact on military and defense spending. have. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Analyzing the Relation between Urban Planners' role and educational content in Iran
سید حسین بحرینی Eham Fallah Manshadi

A review of the literature on the subject of urban planning education in the developing countries shows serious challenges in formulating the content of education in these countries. One subject is the relation between content of education in these countries and the rol More

A review of the literature on the subject of urban planning education in the developing countries shows serious challenges in formulating the content of education in these countries. One subject is the relation between content of education in these countries and the role that planners play. No doubt the education content of what planners need should be in congruence with the professional role and position of planner in the society. In other words, before defining the education content, we should make it clear what kind of planner we intend to train and what do we expect of this planner to do. On these basis, this critical question may raise that what role urban planner essentially play in the developing countries and to what extent the content of education in these countries should adapt to this role? A brief review of the literature indicates that two general roles of active vs. advisory (or technician role) have been dominant in urban planning. Choosing between these two would imply different education content. The education content consists of three elements of knowledge, skills, and values, each of which has its own unique details. The importance of these sub-elements is different in different roles of planners. In the active role, the main knowledge needed is substantive/fundamental, the most important skill is communicative, and it is value or normative based. In the case of technician role, on the other hand, the dominant knowledge is procedural / applied, skills are technical and analytical and values are not important. In this article, the role of urban planner in Iran, as a developing country, will be analyzed, and, then, the most important knowledge and skills which are relevant to this role will be defined. In other words, this study intends to find answers to the following questions: What is the role of urban planner in Iran, as a developing country? What are the most important knowledge and skills needed by urban planners in developing countries? And finally to what extent the related educational contents are prioritized on the basis of actual role of planner? The study of planner role in the developing countries, and Iran as a case study, shows that the dominant view for the planner role is technician or advisory role in the decision-making process and the main focus is on preparing urban development plans at different scales (from national spatial planning to specific detailed plans). Planners are actively involved in physical studies. Reflection of the planner role on the education content in the developing countries shows the dominance of procedural / applied knowledge which are courses with physical orientation such as studios, urban space analysis, introduction to urban planning, urban design methods and GIS (versus environment, economics, social issues), and technical and analytical skills(versus communication skills) and values do not play any role in this regard. These results shows that there is a conformity between urban planner's role and educational content in Iran as a case study for developing countries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - The Impact of Official Development Assistance and Health Aid on Health in Developing Countries
sahebe mohamadianmansour

Introduction: Foreign aid is one of the ways to increase health spending in developing and low-income countries to achieve the goals of global health care coverage. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of official development assistan More

Introduction: Foreign aid is one of the ways to increase health spending in developing and low-income countries to achieve the goals of global health care coverage. Accordingly, the main purpose of this study is to investigate the impact of official development assistance and health aids in developing countries. Methods: This study is paid to study long-term relationship between health indicator, the share of official development assistance and health aids in GDP, per capita physician, income, education and urbanization, by using the statistical data of 25 developing countries (including Iran) during the period 1995-2017. For this purpose, the Dynamic Ordinary Least Square (DOLS) estimator is used. Also, the statistical analyzes were performed using the Eviews soft wares. Results: Based on the results of the model estimation, the share of health aids in GDP, per capita physician, income per capita, enrollment rates in secondary courses (education index) and urbanization rate; improve the health indicator in the long-term. One percent increase in the share of health aids in GDP, reduce the infant mortality rate (IMR) in developing countries by about 0.18 percent, in the long run. But share of official development aids to GDP has not a significant effect on the health index. Conclusion: Proper use and management the health aid in developing countries can help improve health in these countries.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Human Development Indicators, Covit 19 Mortality, the Panel Co-Integration Approach (Analysis of Health Economics in Selected Developing Countries)
Soodabeh Jamalof maryam sharifnezhad Mohammad Hasan Fotros ahmad sarlak

Introduction: Due to the threat of Covid-19 to the public health of the world, the World Health Organization, in order to show international interest in coordinating international responses to this disease, raised the public health emergency and after that, the global i More

Introduction: Due to the threat of Covid-19 to the public health of the world, the World Health Organization, in order to show international interest in coordinating international responses to this disease, raised the public health emergency and after that, the global issue of Covid-19 was declared. In a highly interconnected world with strong ties between countries, the effects of disease outbreaks go beyond mortality and morbidity. Because with the reduction of economic activities, the performance of the global supply chain will also be disrupted. Considering the importance of this issue and the destructive consequences of the spread of this virus on the global economy, it is necessary to take a step to reduce this problem. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate and analyze the long-term effects of the human development index and its components (life expectancy, literacy, per capita income, urbanization and employment) on deaths caused by Corona in selected developing countries (30 developing countries). with a relatively high human development index) in the period of 2019-2022. Methods: For this purpose, FMOLS and DOLS methods have been used. Results: The results indicate that the human development index and its components (life expectancy, literacy, per capita income, urbanization and employment) have a negative and significant effect on the death rate of Corona in selected developing countries in the long term. Conclusion: Since the human development index has a negative and significant effect on corona deaths in selected developing countries in the long term, Therefore, the improvement of health, social and economic indicators can reduce the attenuation of Corona in societies. Therefore, it is necessary for governments to make interventions in the sectors of society, especially economy, education and security, in order to strengthen reforms in the health sector. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - The study of Comparative situation Human Development Index in the Developing Countries (Iran, Brazil, Pakistan, Turkey, Egypt and Mexico)
فتح الله ویسی ناب میر ستار صدر موسوی

Human development is about creating an environment where people can flourish their talents and potential and productive lives based on their needs and interests to build, argues. This study descriptive approach - analytical subsequently to the Human Development Index, t More

Human development is about creating an environment where people can flourish their talents and potential and productive lives based on their needs and interests to build, argues. This study descriptive approach - analytical subsequently to the Human Development Index, the index of gender inequality and multidimensional poverty index in developing countries to determine and compare them. The results suggest that selected countries in terms of Human Development Index we in good condition, because only two of Pakistan and Egypt respectively 0.537 and 0.689 respectively, the index of human development in low and medium human development countries and other countries such as Turkey, Mexico, Iran and Brazil, with a Human Development Index values 0.759, 0.756, 0.749, 0.744 in countries with high human development are. In terms of gender inequality index Egypt ranked 128 index of 0.580 in the world and is located at the lowest level in selected countries. Turkey also ranks first with the 0.360 in terms of this indicator in selected countries and is ranked 69 in the world. Finally, check the status of multidimensional poverty in these countries represent good indicators of the overall situation of the country,  because Pakistan is the only country with a value of 0.237 in countries at risk of poverty is multidimensional Other countries in the rich countries This indicates that living standards in these countries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

7 - Evaluating the WTO Dispute Resolution System from the Perspective of Developing Countries
Gholamreza Saffari Taheri

10.30495/jisds.2007.21298

Introduction: In this article, while examining this system in the form of GAT and WTO and explaining its role and impact on the organization's interaction with other international law regimes, considering the development factor of member countries, identify its main cha More

Introduction: In this article, while examining this system in the form of GAT and WTO and explaining its role and impact on the organization's interaction with other international law regimes, considering the development factor of member countries, identify its main challenges and place developing countries in We have analyzed its evolution and evolution.Research Method: The correlation between the situation of developing and developed countries has been studied through documentary and survey methods using documents in the field of research and statistics published by the World Trade Organization.Findings: The dispute resolution system, as the most valuable asset of the new international trade system, plays an important role in enforcing the regulations and fulfilling the obligations of this organization. This system, with its automated procedures and the ability to prescribe trade reciprocal measures as punishment, provides a unique mechanism by which member states can demand full implementation of negotiated trade concessions.Discussion and Conclusion: Despite the significant benefits provided to "developing countries", many of these countries have not had adequate participation and benefit. In recent years, the presence of developing countries in this system has become more prominent, but still developed countries have a significantly greater presence and benefit from it. Lack of a coherent economic system and costly limited legal capacity and lack of financial resources, lack of information and insufficient experience of developing countries; Strong economies and the influence of developed countries are among the reasons for this.litigation, Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

8 - Proposing a Social Solidarity Model and its Role in Family Intergroup Solidarity in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Tehran City
Mohammad Shapouri

10.30495/jisds.2007.21224

This research has been conducted to examine social solidarity and its role in family intergroup solidarity in developing countries, with a focus on a case study of Tehran city. Based on the previous findings and an examination of related theories in this field, the theo More

This research has been conducted to examine social solidarity and its role in family intergroup solidarity in developing countries, with a focus on a case study of Tehran city. Based on the previous findings and an examination of related theories in this field, the theoretical foundations of institutionalism, systems and new institutionalism approaches have been chosen as the theoretical framework of the research. This is a quantitative survey research, with a statistical population of families living in Tehran in 2016 and a sample size of 598 people. The study has used "cluster and probability sampling". All required data for this research have been collected with a researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed through descriptive statistics, one dimensional and two dimensional and inferential tables in SPSS. In order to measure the validity and reliability of the collected data, Cronbach's alpha has been drawn upon. In addition, the face validity has been obtained by researchers and experts' judgments.According to the results, the main hypothesis of the research was confirmed, meaning that there is a weak but positive significant correlation between social solidarity and family intergroup solidarity. Of the secondary hypotheses, those proposing a relationship between the variables of age, marriage type and race with social solidarity were accepted and those suggesting a relationship between the variables of education level, employment status and length of residency in Tehran with social solidarity were not proved. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

9 - Compilation and pathological evaluation of cultural factors underlying the spread of divorce from the perspective of experts in developing countries (case study - women in Tehran Region 1)
sanaz golijanimoghadam seyed reza salehiamiri محمدخانی mohamadkhani Abbas Ali Ghayomi

10.30495/jisds.2022.64229.11643

The purpose of this study is to compile and pathologically evaluate the cultural factors underlying the spread of divorce from the perspective of experts in developing countries (case study - women in region one of Tehran). The research is qualitative in terms of data a More

The purpose of this study is to compile and pathologically evaluate the cultural factors underlying the spread of divorce from the perspective of experts in developing countries (case study - women in region one of Tehran). The research is qualitative in terms of data and information and applied in terms of purpose and exploratory descriptive in terms of method with Delphi technique. The size of the statistical population and the statistical sample, including 30 experts and academics in the field of culture, was done purposefully. In this study, the Delphi technique (obtaining expert opinion), with the help of a questionnaire and interviews with experts, was conducted to obtain and compile the validity and content validity of cultural factors and components underlying the spread of women's divorce in District One of Tehran. Qualitative findings of the research with regard to the consensus of experts in the subset of each of the 11 factors and components (information and communication technology, media, education, cultural invasion, cultural conflict, lifestyle, urban life luxuries, migration, tourism, Religious beliefs, inequality), in the form of pathology of all cultural factors underlying the spread of women's divorce in the form of pathology approach (behavioral, structural, contextual), and the dimensions of systemic components (individual, family, government, society), formulated and It was finalized and provided the basis for the development of a researcher-made questionnaire for future quantitative and qualitative (mixed) research of researchers in this field. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Evaluating the WTO Dispute Resolution System from the Perspective of Developing Countries
Heybatullah Nejandi Manesh Gholamreza Saffari Taheri

In this article, while examining this system in the form of GAT and WTO and explaining its role and impact on the organization's interaction with other international law regimes, considering the development factor of member countries, identify its main challenges and pl More

In this article, while examining this system in the form of GAT and WTO and explaining its role and impact on the organization's interaction with other international law regimes, considering the development factor of member countries, identify its main challenges and place developing countries in We have analyzed its evolution and evolution. The correlation between the situation of developing and developed countries has been studied through documentary and survey methods using documents in the field of research and statistics published by the World Trade Organization. The dispute resolution system, as the most valuable asset of the new international trade system, plays an important role in enforcing the regulations and fulfilling the obligations of this organization. This system, with its automated procedures and the ability to prescribe trade reciprocal measures as punishment, provides a unique mechanism by which member states can demand full implementation of negotiated trade concessions. Despite the significant benefits provided to "developing countries", many of these countries have not had adequate participation and benefit. In recent years, the presence of developing countries in this system has become more prominent, but still developed countries have a significantly greater presence and benefit from it. Lack of a coherent economic system and costly limited legal capacity and lack of financial resources, lack of information and insufficient experience of developing countries; Strong economies and the influence of developed countries are among the reasons for this litigation Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

11 - Proposing a Social Solidarity Model and its Role in Family Intergroup Solidarity in Developing Countries: A Case Study of Tehran City
Mohammad Shapouri Bagher Saroukhani Mohammad Sadegh Mahdavi

This research has been conducted to examine social solidarity and its role in family intergroup solidarity in developing countries, with a focus on a case study of Tehran city. Based on the previous findings and an examination of related theories in this field, the theo More

This research has been conducted to examine social solidarity and its role in family intergroup solidarity in developing countries, with a focus on a case study of Tehran city. Based on the previous findings and an examination of related theories in this field, the theoretical foundations of institutionalism, systems and new institutionalism approaches have been chosen as the theoretical framework of the research. This is a quantitative survey research, with a statistical population of families living in Tehran in 2016 and a sample size of 598 people. The study has used "cluster and probability sampling". All required data for this research have been collected with a researcher-made questionnaire and analyzed through descriptive statistics, one dimensional and two dimensional and inferential tables in SPSS. In order to measure the validity and reliability of the collected data, Cronbach's alpha has been drawn upon. In addition, the face validity has been obtained by researchers and experts' judgments. According to the results, the main hypothesis of the research was confirmed, meaning that there is a weak but positive significant correlation between social solidarity and family intergroup solidarity. Of the secondary hypotheses, those proposing a relationship between the variables of age, marriage type and race with social solidarity were accepted and those suggesting a relationship between the variables of education level, employment status and length of residency in Tehran with social solidarity were not proved. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

12 - The study of Comparative situation Human Development Index in the Developing Countries (Iran, Brazil, Pakistan, Turkey, Egypt and Mexico)
فتح الله ویسی ناب میر ستار صدر موسوی

Human development is about creating an environment where people can flourish their talents and potential and productive lives based on their needs and interests to build, argues. This study descriptive approach - analytical subsequently to the Human Development Index, t More

Human development is about creating an environment where people can flourish their talents and potential and productive lives based on their needs and interests to build, argues. This study descriptive approach - analytical subsequently to the Human Development Index, the index of gender inequality and multidimensional poverty index in developing countries to determine and compare them. The results suggest that selected countries in terms of Human Development Index we in good condition, because only two of Pakistan and Egypt respectively 0/537 and 0/689 respectively, the index of human development in low and medium human development countries and other countries such as Turkey, Mexico, Iran and Brazil, with a Human Development Index values 0/759, 0/756, 0/749, 0/744 in countries with high human development are. In terms of gender inequality index Egypt ranked 128 index of 0/580 in the world and is located at the lowest level in selected countries. Turkey also ranks first with the 0/360 in terms of this indicator in selected countries and is ranked 69 in the world. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

13 - A Study on Distribution of the Globalization factors in the Megalopolises of Developing Countries (A Case study of Tehran)
Alireza Soleymani Asghar Nazarian

At the present research we have studied the manner and degree of sprawl andcentralization as related to the globalization in Tehran Metropolis. We have alsostudied and compared the circumstances of the sprawl and connection with thepopulation mass and the city center. A More

At the present research we have studied the manner and degree of sprawl andcentralization as related to the globalization in Tehran Metropolis. We have alsostudied and compared the circumstances of the sprawl and connection with thepopulation mass and the city center. According to our studies there is an inverserelation between the mass of population and localization of the globalizationapplications. These phenomena tend to the localization outside of the business centerof the city. In relation to the centralization of the applications or their localconnectivity it may be mentioned that most of these applications tend towardconvergence (centralization) and the whole applications related to the globalizationhave a convergence and centralization attitude toward each other and the highdistribution coefficient confirms this factor. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - Challenges of globalization in developing countries, with emphasis on Iran
AliReza Estelaji Nemat Hosseinzadeh

Globalization phenomenon and changing in many aspects of life, especially in urbanarchitecture, family aspect society’s culture is a matter of whether the analytical mind has itsown busy. Accordingly, the greatest concern of analysts focused on family and cultural More

Globalization phenomenon and changing in many aspects of life, especially in urbanarchitecture, family aspect society’s culture is a matter of whether the analytical mind has itsown busy. Accordingly, the greatest concern of analysts focused on family and culturaldamage that globalization causes in developing countries, particularly Iran.Today, urbanization in developing countries is happening faster than developed countriesduring the boom of the industrial revolution. It’s about thousands of years, that cities arecenter of culture, thought social interaction between humans and urban development.However, since the emergence of humans on earth, the majority of the people have lived inthe, villages, towns, and mass tissue, but with the coming of the twenty-first century andespecially in the last two decades of the twentieth century is the time of occurring two majorglobal events on human life. One of these two events is urbanization and the emergence ofglobal cities which was formed in developing countries. Transformation of cities in developedcountries and the developing countries urban system should be considered in relation to thecomplex relationship between the global cities in developed countries, because all of globalcities are not located in developed countries, however it is likely that the term consists morecities in North America and Europe, but the growing importance of Asian cities and someurban centers in Latin America has increased a new dimension to the theory of developingcities in the era of globalization. This research wants to deal with the impact of globalizationin various fields of political, social, demographic, physical form of architecture and urbanculture in developing countries and Iran will be reviewed and evaluated. The method used inthis comparative study is to examine the impact of the globalization process and its challengesin developing countries, trends, events, and positive and negative effects of this phenomenonon a large third world cities, especially cities on the comparative study of using a library isdiscussed. The results show that the intensification of the globalization process, the cities ofdeveloping countries in terms of consumption patterns, popular culture and the builtenvironment are similar to their Western counterparts. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

15 - The Impact of Agricultural Development on Different Dimensions of Food Security in Developing Countries
Leyla Heydari Amir Mohammadinejad Seyed Yaghob Zeraatkish Reza Moghaddsi

Abstract Food security is one of the main conditions for the realization of national security and one of important functions of agricultural development. Therefore, the aim of this study is the study of the impact of agricultural development and other macroeconomic vari More

Abstract Food security is one of the main conditions for the realization of national security and one of important functions of agricultural development. Therefore, the aim of this study is the study of the impact of agricultural development and other macroeconomic variables on food security and its sub-indicators (access to food, economic ability to buy food, and food health) in 64 developing countries. For this purpose, the panel data methods, and the data of developing countries in the period 1996-2016 are been used. The results show that agricultural development (the increase in agricultural value added) enhances food security through improving access to food. The GDP have a positive effect on food security so that all three dimensions of food security improved by increasing income. Rising prices will reduce food security by reducing access to food and reducing purchasing power.The urbanization has different effects on the different dimensions of food security but overall reduces food security. Keywords: Access to Food, Agricultural Development, Developing Countries, Food Security, Panel Data. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

16 - Study of Good Governance Effect on Environment Quality Index in Selected Developing Countries
Sadaf Ahmadi Niyaz reza zeinalzadeh Ali Raeispour rajabali

10.22034/jest.2019.13709

Background and Objective: Considering the importance of environmental degradation and pollution problems all countries attempt to schematize and apply appropriate procedures to achieve their economical goal and mimimize the environmental destructions. Environmental degr More

Background and Objective: Considering the importance of environmental degradation and pollution problems all countries attempt to schematize and apply appropriate procedures to achieve their economical goal and mimimize the environmental destructions. Environmental degradation and environment quality are affected by many factors. The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of good governance indexes on environment quality in some selected developing countries. Method: Using the panel data model during 2000-2010, the impact of good governance on environmental quality in developing countries was examined by a series of related variables. Findings: The results showed that the mean good governance indexes has a direct and significant effect on the environment quality. Indeed, improvement of good governance index reduced the environmental degradation and increased the environment quality. Per capita gross domestic production and trade have a positive and significant effect on the environment quality. On the other hand, per capita energy consumption and foreign direct (FDI) investment affected the environment quality negatively, though the effect of FDI was not statistically significant. Discussion and Conclusion: Thus improvement of good governance can increase the environment quality in developing countries Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

17 - Glibalization and its impact on foreign direct investment in developing and develoed countries
Kourosh Shams Fraydoon Rahnamay Roodposhti Hashem Nikoomaram Zahra Pourzamani

The present study aims to study the effect of globalization on foreign direct investment. To do this, the data of 2001-2011 of twenty countries (Ten developing countries and ten developed countries), multi-variate regression and pooled data model are used. The results o More

The present study aims to study the effect of globalization on foreign direct investment. To do this, the data of 2001-2011 of twenty countries (Ten developing countries and ten developed countries), multi-variate regression and pooled data model are used. The results of study at developed countries showed that improvement of globalization index led into the increase of foreign direct investment in Iran and this increases the increase of growth capacity and development of country. Also, it improves capital market index and increases foreign direct investment in the country and also it collects capital in the country. On the other hand, the results of study in developing countries showed that improvement of capital market index led into the increase of foreign direct investment in the country and this collected capital in the country and improved good governance index and increased foreign direct investment. This also improves the wage of citizens and increases governance accountability. The growth of urban population leads to the reduction of foreign direct investment in the country and development conditions are not improved with the improvement of human resources. Also, improvement of GDP leads to the reduction of foreign direct investment in the country and this doesn’t increase growth and development. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

18 - Research on Institutional Quality Conditions and the Export of Intermediate Goods by Developing Countries
gholamreza rezaee farzad karimi

10.30495/jsm.2023.1978563.1767

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - The instrumental use of human rights and its impact on the foreign policy of the United States of America A case study of developing countries after 1990
mansour barzegar ebrahim anousheh Khosrow vafaei Saadi

One of the important functions of the instrumental use of human rights in the foreign policy of the United States of America is to justify the policies that this country follows in different parts of the world. In this article, an attempt will be made to answer the ques More

One of the important functions of the instrumental use of human rights in the foreign policy of the United States of America is to justify the policies that this country follows in different parts of the world. In this article, an attempt will be made to answer the question of what is the place of human rights in the system. America's foreign policy and how has it become a tool to serve its national interests?The United States of America is one of the few countries that has an ideological foreign policy. With the difference that in many cases, such as the protection of human rights and the promotion of democracy, ideological foreign policy is used as a tool to secure America's national interests. Examining the actions of this country both at the level of foreign policy and in the field of domestic policy also shows that the view of the United States towards more rights is an instrumental view.This research is of a descriptive-analytical type and has been collected and used from articles, internet surveys and reliable sites. The findings of the research indicate that the defense of rights in words and their widespread violation in practice has caused the rights to be violated. Man becomes a tool to serve the national interests of America. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

20 - The Role of Intellectual Property Rights in the Economic Prosperity and International Trade of Developing Countries
Ensiyeh Hajimohammad Mansour Atashaneh Abo Mohammad asgarkhani

The technological growth of developing countries, creating new markets, has transformed production and innovation processes. On the other hand, it has increased the competitiveness and increased the export of their industrial products to world markets and has threatened More

The technological growth of developing countries, creating new markets, has transformed production and innovation processes. On the other hand, it has increased the competitiveness and increased the export of their industrial products to world markets and has threatened the comparative advantages. The globalization of trade competition has led developed countries to pursue other strategies based on intellectual property rights to maintain their competitiveness and share in international markets. The purpose of this article is to examine the role of intellectual property rights in the international trade of developing countries and to answer the question, what is the role of intellectual property rights in the economic prosperity and international trade of developing countries? In response to the question, it is hypothesized that intellectual property rights in knowledge-based companies play an effective role in the economic development of developing countries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

21 - A Weight-Analysis Technique of Existing Research on E-Government Implementation Challenges in Developing Countries
Mosleh Zeebaree Musbah Aqel

10.22094/joie.2020.677842

Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

22 - Studding Democracy Convergence in Developing Countries: A Spatial Econometric Approach
Seyed Kamal Sadeghi mohsen pourabdollahan Parviz Mohamadzadeh zahra karimi parvin alimoradi afshar

The purpose of this paper is to study empirically the convergence of democracy in developing countries. For this purpose, the spatial econometric and panel data approach was used during the period 1990- 2014. The results show that the geographic proximity of countries h More

The purpose of this paper is to study empirically the convergence of democracy in developing countries. For this purpose, the spatial econometric and panel data approach was used during the period 1990- 2014. The results show that the geographic proximity of countries has a positive and significant effect on democracy. In other words, on average, the increase in the level of democracy in the geographic neighbors has led to a 6 percent increase in democracy, which reflects the political influence of each other. Also, foreign aids does not have a significant effect on the spread of democracy in developing countries. In general, the spatial effects of democracy or the theory of diffusion in developing countries are confirmed. Therefore, According to the theory of diffusion and convergence of democracy, increase or decrease in democracy in a country can increase or decrease democracy in neighboring countries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

23 - Determinants of Tourism Development in Developing Countries: A Bayesian Econometric Approach
Hossein Panahi Sima Nasibparast

Since tourism is increasingly developing in all over the world, it is focused more than before by most economists and policy makers. Accordingly, in order to make appropriate policies to improve tourism, investigating the determinants of tourism demand is very important More

Since tourism is increasingly developing in all over the world, it is focused more than before by most economists and policy makers. Accordingly, in order to make appropriate policies to improve tourism, investigating the determinants of tourism demand is very important. According to the literature, there are a lot of possible variables which their effects on tourism demand in different economies have been emphasized by previous studies. Therefore, using the data obtained from Iran Provinces and applying Bayesian Model Averaging (BMA) method, this study tried to investigate the determinants of tourism demand in developing countries during 1995-2012. The results showed that the population of destination (as an index showing the size of market) and GDP (development index) are the most important variables which affect tourism demand. In addition, the variables related to infrastructures, communication facilities, international trade, quality of life and human capital (education and health) have positive effects on tourism development. On the contrary, some variables like high relative prices and poor quality of life such as pollution have reducing impact on tourism demand. According to the results, it is suggested to improve transport infrastructure, develop an efficient human capital by improving education and health status, and reduce pollution in cities. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

24 - Globalization and the Challenges before National Identity in Developing Countries
Enayatollah Yazdani Nader Morvati

The world is on the verge of one of the biggest changes in the history of man، the quick changes which do not provide the opportunity for cultural education، creating norms، finding identity and adapting with the social conditions. These changes are so fast that accordi More

The world is on the verge of one of the biggest changes in the history of man، the quick changes which do not provide the opportunity for cultural education، creating norms، finding identity and adapting with the social conditions. These changes are so fast that according to Bourdieu one does not have the opportunity to mentally and subjectively interact with it. In fact the process of globalization which is referred to it as compression of time and place can threaten the traditional cultures and can lead to diffusion of global culture and values. These developments can cause great changes in different fields including the collective kind of identity (specially the national identity as an all inclusive level of collective identity). A look at the theories of globalization and other explanations related to it reveals that globalization offers opportunities as well as challenges. In this direction the important matters is protecting different layers of identity of the citizens in their constructive interaction with outside world and making use of the opportunities of globalization like communication and information technology and not resisting and confronting it. The integration and joining of the developing countries to the process of globalization does not mean westernization or renouncing or losing one’s essential identity but it means accepting it like a critical phenomenon in the turbulent path of globalization and a departure from a maverick life Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

25 - The Theory of Political Tariff Protection for Agricultural Sector in Developing Countries
Yaser Feizabadi

This paper aims to analyze tariff protection policies in the agricultural sector of developing countries. The agricultural tariff structure in developing countries is characterized by: i) high average tariffs, ii) the existence of tariff escalation, iii) dispersion of n More

This paper aims to analyze tariff protection policies in the agricultural sector of developing countries. The agricultural tariff structure in developing countries is characterized by: i) high average tariffs, ii) the existence of tariff escalation, iii) dispersion of nominal tariffs across tariff lines, and iv) a wide gap between average nominal tariffs and import-weighted average tariffs. Consequently, some features can be extracted that are consistent with the observed patterns of tariff protection in developing countries: i) escalation of nominal tariff rates with the degree of processing, ii) higher average tariffs in the agricultural sector compared to agriculture in developed countries, and iii) higher non-agricultural than agricultural tariff protection. Here the Theory of Political Tariff Protection for Agricultural Sector in developing countries is described. This theory allows us to identify two sets of products. Agricultural products for which tariffs are higher than their political fitted values, therefore, tariff cuts should occur in a long period of time and for which tariffs are higher than their political fitted values therefore tariff reductions would not be politically costly. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

26 - Approaches to Corruption in the Developing Countries
Mohammad Khezri Salahaldin Mangor

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Open Access Article

27 - Challenges facing UNCTAD in the International Trade Trends: Before and After the Cold War
Alireza Jeyrani Hokmabad Roya Khezri

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Open Access Article

28 - The Effect of Export Diversification on Economic Growth of Chosen Developing Countries
Aliabbas Heidari

Third world Countries,especially OPEC members heavily are dependent on foreign exchange incomes from petroleum export.The increase in the number of export goods and variety of them in these countries ,On the on hand,reduces the instability of export earnings & ,On t More

Third world Countries,especially OPEC members heavily are dependent on foreign exchange incomes from petroleum export.The increase in the number of export goods and variety of them in these countries ,On the on hand,reduces the instability of export earnings & ,On the other hand, provides the basis for achieving permanent exchange earnings and economic growth.The main purpose of this article is to consider the effect of the variety of export products on economic growth in selected developing Countries(OPEC members or other non member Countries) over 2002-2017 using the Generalized Method of Moments approach(GMM.)The model estiamtion results showed that economic growth has significantly increased in OPEC non member countries,with a decrease in export concentration and Consequently,an increase in the variety of export products. Therefore, these countries can insure their economy against foreign shocks and international fluctuations with a greater variety of export products.but in OPEC member countries,the effect of export variety on economic growth was not significant,which could be due to the high concentration of exports and consequently,the lower variety of export products with a focus on petroleum in these countries. Therefore, formulating basic strategies in order to get out of the single-product economy and achieve export diversity in OPEC member countries seems to be a necessity. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

29 - Analyzing the effect of foreign direct investment on economic growth in developing countries
Mahnaz Rabiei Maryam Behifar Ghasem Azadi Ahmadabadi

In many developing countries, faced with the need to promote and strengthen the economy's long-term access to new technology, management know-how in many cases significantly associated with lack of resources, have floundered. Strengthen the local economy with a potentia More

In many developing countries, faced with the need to promote and strengthen the economy's long-term access to new technology, management know-how in many cases significantly associated with lack of resources, have floundered. Strengthen the local economy with a potential role in the shortage of foreign direct investment on economic growth in these countries is long-term. Therefore, this article tries to account 17 during the period 1990 to 2019 to analyze the impact of developing country foreign direct investment on economic growth in these countries will be discussed.In this study, the effect of labor variables, gross domestic fixed capital formation, the rate of economic openness and foreign direct investment on economic growth is estimated to selected countries.Also, although initially positive effect of FDI on economic growth, but this effect was reversed a year break and have a negative impact on the economy, which could be due to leakage of finance, technology, communications, human resources and vulnerability to be closed. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

30 - پیچیدگی صادرات غیر نفتی و سرمایه گذاری مستقیم خارجی )مطالعه موردی کشورهای درحال توسعه با تاکید بر ایران
مهدی تقوی یوسف حسن پور کار سالاری

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Open Access Article

31 - The Effect of Financial Development on Energy Consumption by Using the Generalized Method of Moment
مرتضی خورسندی تیمور محمدی محمد مهدی خزایی عارف بهروز

Abstract In this study, the effect of financial development has examined on energy consumption by using the Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) in two groups of developing countries during 1993-2011 period. The first group includes 14 oil-producing developing countries More

Abstract In this study, the effect of financial development has examined on energy consumption by using the Generalized Method of Moment (GMM) in two groups of developing countries during 1993-2011 period. The first group includes 14 oil-producing developing countries and the second group includes 19 non-oil-producing developing countries. For each group of countries, two separate models were estimated, the first model by using banking sector variable, and the second model estimated by using capital market variable. The results showed that, GDP per capita in the non-oil-producing countries compared with oil-producing countries has a greater positive effect on per capita consumption of energy. The oil-producing price variable compared with the Non-Oil-Producing developing countries has a greater negative effect on per capita consumption of energy. The ratio of domestic credit variable to private sector (% of GDP) in non-oil-producing developing countries 0.02% and in oil-producing developing countries is 0.009 percent .Comparison of the effects of domestic bank credit variable to the private sector ( as a percentage of GDP) on per capita consumption of energy in the two groups of countries reflects the higher efficiency of the banking sector in the non-oil-producing countries .On the other hand, variable rate of turnover of shares traded in the non-oil-producing developing countries is -0.003 percent and in oil-producing developing countries is -0.009 percent .Statistical analysis of the variable of capital market of shares traded in both developing oil-producing and non-oil-producing developing countries also shows that the effect of capital market development in energy consumption in oil-producing developing countries is more negative and smaller than the non-oil-producing developing countries Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

32 - The Corruption Effect on Foreign Direct Investment in Developing Countries
عبدالرحیم کردی مهدی خدا پرست مشهدی

A country's investment environment is affected by Political, Institutional, and Economic Factors. These factors are determinants of quality of institutional environment across countries. Corruption often viewed as consequence of inappropriate institutions. Results of Mo More

A country's investment environment is affected by Political, Institutional, and Economic Factors. These factors are determinants of quality of institutional environment across countries. Corruption often viewed as consequence of inappropriate institutions. Results of Most studies show that high cost and uncertainty created due to corruption affect attractiveness of host country to investors and destroys incentives for foreign investment. Yet, some studies could not find significant relationship between the corruption and foreign direct investment flows. Regard the lack of experimental study, the present research highlight the relationship between subcomponents of corruption and the flows of foreign direct investment in developing countries. The result of regression using panel data of 50 countries for time period 1996 – 2012, show that different forms of corruption have separately effects on the flows of foreign direct investment. So, corruption in the field of import/export permits has a positive and significant impact on FDI inflows, whereas corruption in the fields of annual tax payments, access to public utilities and judicial decisions have negative impact on FDI.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

33 - Factors Affecting FDI Flows into in Developing Countries
Nazi Mohammadzadeh Asl Azarakhsh Sabri Baghaee Mahmoud Reza Modir rosta

This article reviews the importance of foreign direct investment and examines factors affecting its flow into developing countries A Panel Data technique is employed to estimate the empirical models to explain the relevant factors affecting the FDI into developing count More

This article reviews the importance of foreign direct investment and examines factors affecting its flow into developing countries A Panel Data technique is employed to estimate the empirical models to explain the relevant factors affecting the FDI into developing countries. Time span covers 1994-7442 for 77 developing countries. The results indicate that factors such as interest rate, domestic investment, size of government growth in foreign exchange earnings and socieconomic condition of the countries are the most important variables affecting the FDI into developing countries. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

34 - Estimation of Economic Growth Model in Selected Developing Countries: Generalized Method of Moments Approach
Monireh Pourali yadollah Rajaei Mohammad Dalmanpor

10.30495/fed.2023.700125

Abstract One of the basic goals of any society is to achieve economic growth with less &lrm;fluctuations. In fact, achieving sustainable economic growth and economic stability is one of &lrm;the main goals of any country. If the existing economic base and the future pe More

Abstract One of the basic goals of any society is to achieve economic growth with less &lrm;fluctuations. In fact, achieving sustainable economic growth and economic stability is one of &lrm;the main goals of any country. If the existing economic base and the future perspective &lrm;indicate economic stabilization, the path of long-term investment growth will be strengthened, &lrm;otherwise, the capital will be inclined to the service, trading and hoarding sectors, and in the &lrm;long term, it will reduce the economic growth rate. In this article, the effect of macro-&lrm;economic indicators (international trade, human capital, physical capital, inflation and foreign &lrm;debt) and institutional indicators (combined index consisting of the components of voice and &lrm;accountability, political stability without violent, government effectiveness, regulatory &lrm;quality, rule of law and Corruption Control) and corruption control) on economic growth &lrm;were investigated and analyzed in 15 selected developing countries during the years 2006 to &lrm;&lrm;2019 with the generalized method of moments (GMM). The regression results showed that, &lrm;among macroeconomic variables, inflation and foreign debts had a negative effect on &lrm;economic growth, but international trade, human capital and physical capital had a positive &lrm;effect on economic growth. The combined index of institutional factors also had a positive &lrm;effect on economic growth.&lrm; Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

35 - نقش توانمندسازی اقتصادی در راهبرد اقتصاد مقاومتی در کشورهای در حال توسعه
احمد جعفری صمیمی کورش اعظمی

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Open Access Article

36 - The Effect of Economic Complexity on Income Inequality in Selected Developing Countries; Dynamic Panel Approach
علی حسنوند محمد شریف کریمی علی فلاحتی آزاد خانزادی

10.30495/fed.2022.691507

Abstract Economic complexity is a concept that shows the ability of countries to produce complex goods and use knowledge in the production process by improving the productive structure. The economic complexity of the knowledge channel leads to the saving of resources a More

Abstract Economic complexity is a concept that shows the ability of countries to produce complex goods and use knowledge in the production process by improving the productive structure. The economic complexity of the knowledge channel leads to the saving of resources and the improvement of the quality of productive institutions and the formation of productive production structures that diversify goods and save on production costs and earn more income and affect income distribution and welfare. Brings with it social. Given the importance of income distribution in the economy, this study uses the approach of economic complexity and dynamic Generalized Method of Moments, method to investigate the effect of economic complexity on income inequality in a selection of developing countries during the period 1995-2020. According to the results, with increasing economic complexity in developing countries, income distribution has become more unfair. The imbalance of income distribution in these countries is due to the concentration of assets, capital and production activities in the hands of a particular group, as well as the existence of cultural, social, gender, etc. inequalities and rents created as a result of this inequality. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

37 - Investigating the Trend and Composition of Trade in Environmental Goods in the World with an Emphasis on Developing Countries
فرزاد کریمی

During the last two decades, with the increase in international exchange of goods and services, environmental problems, including climate change and global pollution, have increased significantly. The global effort to reduce environmental problems has put the importance More

During the last two decades, with the increase in international exchange of goods and services, environmental problems, including climate change and global pollution, have increased significantly. The global effort to reduce environmental problems has put the importance of production and international trade of environmental goods on the agenda of many developed and developing countries. The environmental goods emphasized in this study include those goods that are produced or consumed by industry to reduce and manage pollution (air and water). The international effort to reduce greenhouse gas emissions has put the importance of this category of goods at the forefront of global negotiations. Considering the importance of the topic, the main goal of this study is to investigate and identify the trend of trade in environmental goods in the world and developing countries, as well as to identify its composition. The studied period includes 1996-2021. The results show that the global trade in environmental goods has increased significantly and increased nearly four times during the years 1996-2021. During this period, the position of developing countries in the export of environmental goods has increased significantly. The share of developing countries' exports from the total global export value of environmental goods increased from 7.4% in 1996 to 25.7% in 2021. In this, the participation of countries such as China, South Korea, Mexico and Singapore is very evident. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

38 - The Effects of Globalization on renewable and non-renewable energy consumption: Case Study: Selected Developing Countries
seyyed Ali Paytakhti Oskooe Laleh Tabaghchi Akbari

Nowadays, globalization as an inevitably phenomenon changes the relations of production, financial relations, government relations and cultural characteristics, resulting increase in production and consumption of the countries. Move of developing countries towards econo More

Nowadays, globalization as an inevitably phenomenon changes the relations of production, financial relations, government relations and cultural characteristics, resulting increase in production and consumption of the countries. Move of developing countries towards economic openness and integration into the global economy leads to different results, which one of the most important changes is in the field of energy. In this paper the effect of the combined indices of globalization on the renewable energy consumption (power and nuclear energy) and nonrenewable (fossil fuels coal, petroleum and natural gas) has been studied for the 8 selected developing countries (especially Iran) during the period 2001 to 2015. In order to estimate the effects of variables, Panel ARDL technique has been employed. The estimation results show that globalization has positive effect on the renewable and nonrenewable energy consumption. This means that globalization leads to increase in consumption of renewable and nonrenewable energy Manuscript profile

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