List of Articles defects

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  1 - A method for classifying oranges based on image processing and neural networks
  Hassan Rashidi Faride Esmaili Mostafa Khojastehnazhand
  10.30495/fh.2022.66351.1103
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  2 - Examples of Frauds in Operations and Plastic Surgery
  Morteza Rahimi Razeyeh Mohebpoor
  The purpose of this study is to express fraud or no fraud in beauty surgery. Present study is carried out using descriptive and analytic method and it is concluded that different plastic surgeries which are done to improve the beauty of the client cannot be considered a More

  The purpose of this study is to express fraud or no fraud in beauty surgery. Present study is carried out using descriptive and analytic method and it is concluded that different plastic surgeries which are done to improve the beauty of the client cannot be considered as fraud providing that no deception happens during the operation. Fraud is forbidden in Islamic viewpoint because it causes lose for others. Accordingly, the following cases are not frauds: 1. Married woman; 2. If a woman does not intend to get married; 3. When the man is aware of the surgery before the marriage; 4. In the cases that the person publicizes his/her surgery to others. This kind of fraud and hiding the truth cannot terminate marriage contract unexpectedly. In fact, if the problem cannot be forgiven (blindness, for instance) or there is a condition within marriage contract that is not fulfilled, the other side of the contract can terminate it. Manuscript profile
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  3 - Obayd's humors and their funniness based on Freud release theory
  Sadiq Karim Yahya
  We can classify all different topics of Obayd humors in two types: topics on prohibited matters and topics on defected ones. The former are topics we are not allowed to talk of and to approach them. They are sextual taboos, religious taboos or legal and political prohib More

  We can classify all different topics of Obayd humors in two types: topics on prohibited matters and topics on defected ones. The former are topics we are not allowed to talk of and to approach them. They are sextual taboos, religious taboos or legal and political prohibitions including sextual, religious and political humors. The second type are topics on defects including external and physical defects, or internal, moral and behavioral as well as topics on personality, or mental defects. Humors of bodily defects, cultural and moral humors, and humors of stupidity and ignorance are within this classification. This research by presenting types of Obayd humors, seeks to find why they are funny. The first type of Obay humors maches to the first Freudian category, i.e., humors that are funny because they release repressed emotions. The second type matches to the second Freudian category, i.e., awkward imitation of natural and conventional movements and laws that lead to smile because they release thinking energy. The third Freudian category has no specific topic and relates to one of the Obayd's humor techniques, i.e., surprise technique. Every humor, no matter what is its topic, can make smile, if it uses surprise technique, because it puts the mind on the threshold of release contrast between two different senses. Manuscript profile
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  4 - Diagnosis of Bearing Defects based on the Analysis of Vibration Images Using the RKEM SIFT Descriptor Method
  Zohreh Hashempour Hamed Agahi Azar Mahmoodzadeh
  10.30495/jce.2023.1975837.1185
  Diagnosing bearing defects is one of the basic tasks in machine health monitoring, because bearings are critical components of rotating machines. This paper proposes a new method for detecting defects in bearings based on a combination of feature extraction algorithms i More

  Diagnosing bearing defects is one of the basic tasks in machine health monitoring, because bearings are critical components of rotating machines. This paper proposes a new method for detecting defects in bearings based on a combination of feature extraction algorithms in which a two-dimensional signal is used. Different from other classical one-dimensional signal processing methods, the proposed method of this paper converts one-dimensional vibration signals into two-dimensional signal (image), then image processing methods are used to analyze the image signal in order to classify the defects that have occurred. arrive at the bearing. Converted images from vibration signals often have specific texture characteristics, and the texture of each defective category is different. In addition, each descriptor extracts spatial features. Some features are weak and others are strong. In this article, the method of removing additional key points of SIFT (RKEM SIFT) is used. In addition, for each descriptor, the best features are selected using the non-linear principal component analysis method. Finally, the selected features are combined and four classification methods are applied to achieve the best classification performance and after comparison, the best classification method is selected. The performance of the proposed algorithm is evaluated on the standard bearing data set of Case Western Reserve University. The simulation results show that the proposed method performs better than other methods of fault finding of rolling bearings. Manuscript profile
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  5 - extraction defects of radiographic images using local information in transform domain
  zahra mousavi Ahmad Keshavarz
  Radiography is one of most common methods for testing the quality of weld. At present radiographic images are interpreted by humans. In order to increase accuracy and speed of interpretation and costs decrease ,We are looking for a way to automatic detect of weld d More

  Radiography is one of most common methods for testing the quality of weld. At present radiographic images are interpreted by humans. In order to increase accuracy and speed of interpretation and costs decrease ,We are looking for a way to automatic detect of weld defects. The correct extraction of defects is The most important step to automatic processing.  Therefore ,in this paper a new strategy to extract the weld defects using image processing techniques is proposed.  In the proposed method after segmentation Region Of Interest (ROI), histogram matching and Weiner filter were used to remove noise and enhance the quality of image, then For optimum utilization of image data in different directions, Wavelet transform is used. Afterward by applying techniques such as local thresholding, morphology and edge detection on the components of the wavelet transform defect area of Radiography images was extracted Manuscript profile
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  6 - A Study on Stiffness of a Defective Rippled Graphene Using Molecular Dynamics Simulation
  A Hamzei E Jomehzadeh M Rezaeizadeh M Mahmoodi
  10.22034/jsm.2022.1953532.1734
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  7 - Improvement of Industrial Radiography for Defect Detection of Oil and Gas Pipelines in Weld Regions by Image Processing
  Ali Reza Karimian Monir Torabian Mohammad Reza Yazdchi
  Industrial Radiography is one of the oldest and most usable of non-destructive methods for studying the defects inside the weld regions of pipelines. It sounds, to increase the quality of radiographic images inside the film and to decrease the weld commentary errors. It More

  Industrial Radiography is one of the oldest and most usable of non-destructive methods for studying the defects inside the weld regions of pipelines. It sounds, to increase the quality of radiographic images inside the film and to decrease the weld commentary errors. It is necessary to have a system or method to improve the accuracy of recognition and detection of defects in the weld regions. In this research work, by using digital image processing methods, a new method has been proposed to improve the quality of the images on radiographic films of weld regions. The proposed method has been tested by 60 pieces of radiographic films of weld regions with different quality.  The results showed the proposed algorithm and method has the ability to detect the defects inside the weld regions with 100% precision for the films with high and normal quality and with 87% and 47% precisions for the films with low and very low qualities respectively. Manuscript profile
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  8 - Flaws in bank demand guarantees with emphasis on the uniform regulations of the International Chamber of Commerce
  Musa Talebi Haider Hassanzadeh Sattar Zarklam Jalil Maliki
  10.30495/fed.2023.698854
  AbstractThe autonomous principle with a special advantage granted to commercial documents, especially on-demand guarantees; It provides the means for immediate payment, in principle, regardless of the imperfections of the underlying contract, to obtain some kind of assu More

  AbstractThe autonomous principle with a special advantage granted to commercial documents, especially on-demand guarantees; It provides the means for immediate payment, in principle, regardless of the imperfections of the underlying contract, to obtain some kind of assurance in transactions. Exceptions to the autonomous principle include cases that relate in some way to the ineligibility of the beneficiary concerning the underlying contract, followed by the rule of law, a well-known example of which is a fraudulent demand. Some of the country's laws, and in particular the new draft of the Commercial Code, have recognized the use of guarantees, but the judicial procedure needs to be further developed to clarify the dimensions of the objections that can be cited in this regard. Defects that can be cited in The Uniform Rules of On-Demand Guarantees 758 is the main issue that seems to be able to be cited in the non-payment of the guarantee, according to other laws in this field, namely blatant abuse or fraud and article 19 implicitly refers to formal and substantive defects and these problems have been solved in a way, which has caused the functioning of the principle of independence in the international arena to face disorders, as a result of which the use of These rules has been followed for international trade. However, by analyzing these materials and complying with the domestic law of the country, the defects related to the autonomous principle and its exceptions can be eliminated by protecting the interests of the parties. Manuscript profile
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  9 - Methods of compensation for spiritual damage caused by medical damage
  Atfeh Niknejad alireza mazloom rahnie
  Civil liability and compensation for moral damages are important issues that have always been considered by lawyers. Compensation for damages of a damaged person is an important principle which a legislator should paid special attention. The issue of beauty defects is o More

  Civil liability and compensation for moral damages are important issues that have always been considered by lawyers. Compensation for damages of a damaged person is an important principle which a legislator should paid special attention. The issue of beauty defects is one of the important and common examples of moral damage in today's society. This means a person loses his/her appearance and beauty for various reasons, and this causes psychological damage and isolation. However, the difference in compensation for spiritual damage and the difficulty of its assessment causes inadequacies. To undertake this line of research, methods of compensation for moral damages have been addressed using the descriptive-analytical method. As a result, among the methods presented for compensation of the moral damages, the methods of restitutio in integrum, equivalent compensation, symbolic compensation, and punitive damages can be noted. The findings of the study reveal that the compensation methods in the Iranian legal system is inefficient. Therefore, attention has been proposed to the injured party in the method of compensation. It seems presenting a new methods can facilitate peace of mind for the damaged. Thus, one may achieve the main goal of damage compensation. Manuscript profile