-
Open Access Article
1 - Performance assessment of a food safety management system in meat processing plants and the local market of Tehran: A microbial source tracking study
Hossein Nazarian Masoumeh Moslemi Zahra Pilevar Leyla Alizadeh Hedayat Hosseini -
Open Access Article
2 - Assessment of Microbial Quality and Chlorimetry of Drinking Water of the Abadeh City During 2015-2016 and Comparison with the National and WHO Standards
Leila Nematollahi haniyeh nowzariBackground and Objective: Water quality is one of the issues that are directly related to the health and personal and public health of the society, and monitoring the water and providing its health conditions is of great importance. Therefore, the aim of this study was MoreBackground and Objective: Water quality is one of the issues that are directly related to the health and personal and public health of the society, and monitoring the water and providing its health conditions is of great importance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the microbial quality of drinking water in Abadeh in 2015 and to compare its quality with national standards and the World Health Organization (WHO). Method: In this study, 122 water samples for microbial measurement and 3864 water samples for chlorimetry were analyzed from water network of Abadeh city during 2015-2016. Multiple tube fermentation method and colorimetric method were used to determine fecal and total coliform bacteria and residual chlorine, respectively. Finally, all data were analysed by one sample T-test, Chi-Square, Mann-Withney, Kruskal-Wallis and Pearson Correlation Matrix. Findings: The results showed that the total coliform was 0 MPN/100ml in 98.36% of all samples and the fecal coliform was 0 MPN/100ml in 100% of all samples by microbial analysis and the residual chlorine were desirable in 78.0% of the samples and meet the expectations of national and international standards. Winter and summer showed the lowest and greatest amount of residual chlorine, respectively. On the other hand, the results showed significant negative associations between the amounts of the residual chlorine of the water with the presence of coliform bacteria in the water. Discussion and Conclusion: The microbial index of drinking water of the Abadeh city is lower than the standard limit of the WHO microbial Index and the national standard. As a result, the quality of drinking water of the city is desirable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The Investigation of Heavy Metal Content and Their Chemical Forms in Tehran Sewage Sludge for Agricultural Application
Sumayyah Naji Rad Akbar Ghavidel Hossein Ali Alikhani Ali Ashraf Soltnai ToolaroodBackground and Objective: Among sewage sludge disposal options, land application is more preferred because of economic benefits and decreasing fertilizer cost for farmers. However, if sludge has excess amount of heavy metals and microbial infections, land application ma MoreBackground and Objective: Among sewage sludge disposal options, land application is more preferred because of economic benefits and decreasing fertilizer cost for farmers. However, if sludge has excess amount of heavy metals and microbial infections, land application may lead to soil and environmental pollution. Method: In this research, the amount of total, DTPA-extractable and soluble forms of Fe, Zn, Pb, Cd, Co, Cu, Mn and Ni and population of coliform bacteria were determined in the sludge samples of three different sewage sludge treatment plants including Shahrak-e-Gharb, Ekbatan and Shoush and the results were compared to the world pollution limit standards of these metals and the coliform population. Findings: Results showed that 0.01% of all metals accumulatively in sewage sludge were in soluble form, 1.32% in DTPA-extractable form and 98.67% in other forms, which are unavailable. Shoush sludge had largest amount of sum of eight metals (39.73 gr/kg dry sludge), Ekbatan sludge (28.42 gr/kg dry sludge) and Shahrak-e-Gharb sludge (22.95 gr/kg dry sludge) were the second and third in the rank, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: Because of high amounts of Zn and Cu in the sludge samples in compare to the standards, the samples from all the treatment plants did not categorized as the exceptional quality which can be used in agriculture. A comparison between the coliform population and the standards showed that in this regard, sludge samples were in B quality and there would be limitations in their land application. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Study on Water Quality of Karoun River (Ahvaz region) Using Water Quality Index
Mojde Madadinia Masood Monavari Abdoreza Karbasi Mohammad Bagher Nabavi Ebrahim RajabzadeKaroun River is one of the most important water ways and longest rivers of Iran. Because ofagricultural farms, industrial units and cities in its vicinity, the Karoun River has a strategical position.Hence, its water quality monitoring is essential due to many point and MoreKaroun River is one of the most important water ways and longest rivers of Iran. Because ofagricultural farms, industrial units and cities in its vicinity, the Karoun River has a strategical position.Hence, its water quality monitoring is essential due to many point and non point sources of pollution.This study was carried out to evaluate Karoun River’s water quality in Ahvaz region.For water quality data's analysis in various stations, index of water quality NSF (National SanitationFoundation) software from Wilkes University is used. Therefore Dissolved Oxygen, fecal coliform,pH, BOD5, Nitrate, Phosphate, Temperature, Turbidity and Total solids were determined on monthlybasis.The monthly WQI in studied stations fluctuates from 57 to 70 that fall within medium category. Waterquality index from first to last station gradually decreased. The results of WQINSF for river bankwater quality computation during 1 year sampling period show that Koot-Abdollah station (lower partof the river) has the worst situation with yearly index of 62.5 and Kian-Abad station (upper section ofthe river) has the best quality amongst studied stations (65.25).Because of river bed and self purification, seasonal change has insignificant effects on water quality inPol-e-Siah station. Water quality (in spring) because of the suitable conditions for growth of fecalcoliforms and increased turbidity- has worst situation and in autumn season -because of theincensement of rain and decreasing of contaminations- has best situation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Evaluation of Performance and Quality of Effluent in Birjand Wastewater Treatment Plant for Agricultural Purposes
Mohammad Hosein Fathabadi Mohammad Hosein Ahmadi Shadmehri Seyed Masoud Faiz Sayyid Ali BanihashemiBasis and Goal: Today, the most basic action to control pollution from wastewater and their reuse is the construction of a wastewater treatment plant and strict monitoring of their operation. Disposal of non-standard effluents and their use in agriculture or surface wat MoreBasis and Goal: Today, the most basic action to control pollution from wastewater and their reuse is the construction of a wastewater treatment plant and strict monitoring of their operation. Disposal of non-standard effluents and their use in agriculture or surface water discharge will lead to many health and environmental risks. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of auditing the environmental performance and quality of Birjand wastewater treatment plant for agricultural use. Method of Studing: This study was conducted in 1399 using a cross-sectional study method from 1396 to 1398 on the wastewater treatment plant of Birjand. Finding: The findings showed that the COD index with an average of 225 had the highest non-compliance with the standard in 1396. TSS index with an average of 153 is in the second place, total coliform with an average of 1300 in the third place and gastrointestinal coliform with an average of 502.5 are in the fourth place. In 1398, these indicators are in a standard and optimal condition. Results: Comparison of the results of the current study with the effluent standards showed that the use of the effluent of this treatment plant for agricultural purposes is recommended due to compliance with the effluent standards. This trend has shown a favorable situation during the years 1396 to 1398. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Comprehensive study of microbial contamination of drinking water in Mashhad
Farahnaz Molavi Ali Qaraee Najafabadi Negar Azani Zeinab Javanshir Mohadese Eslahi AmirHosein Alizade Faeze Gholami BaharObjective: Mashhad is the most important city in the country due to its tourist and pilgrimage attractions, and ensuring the safety of its drinking water is very important, especially for travelers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the microbial quality o MoreObjective: Mashhad is the most important city in the country due to its tourist and pilgrimage attractions, and ensuring the safety of its drinking water is very important, especially for travelers. The aim of the present study was to investigate the microbial quality of drinking water in MashhadMaterials and methods: This is a field research and a cross-sectional study. Sampling locations were determined by systematic sampling method. The drinking water of 15 selected stations was studied during 10 months from February 2019 to the end of December 2011. Each station was sampled 4 times in 4 different seasons. The samples were studied in three parts of bacterial, fungal and protozoan contamination assessment, according to existing standards.Findings: The microbial quality of Mashhad's drinking water supply sources was very favorable in terms of total and faecal coliform contamination and was in line with the national standard. From a total of 220 fungal colonies grown, 7 different genera of fungi were identified. In general, the average CFU of isolated fungi for samplesper 100 ml of water was 6.2.The most common isolated fungus was Aspergillus (40.45%) and the least isolated colony was related to Fusarium (1.3%). No samples of protozoans or cysts related to protozoans were observed in any station.Conclusion: According to the guidelines of the World Health Organization in 2006 for evaluating the microbial health of water, the drinking water quality of Mashhad was in accordance with the national standard. Mashhad's drinking water also contains various fungi. Therefore, it is suggested that in the regular monitoring of the urban water system in terms of microbial contamination, fungi should also be investigated as one of the important microorganisms. Regarding contamination with protozoa, no contamination was observed. In order to maintain the desirability of drinking water in Mashhad city, it is suggested that the water and sewage company continuously monitor the quality of drinking water sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - مطالعه اثربخشی برقراری جریان الکتریسیته در حذف آلودگی باکتریهای کلیفرمیک از آب رودخانه شهرچای ارومیه
aysan rezanezhad Zahra Gholamhoseini nima rostamiPurpose: Water disinfection is one of the most important stages of water purification in terms of ensuring the health of consumers. Although common methods in drinking water purification can effectively control microbial factors, the formation of disinfection byproducts MorePurpose: Water disinfection is one of the most important stages of water purification in terms of ensuring the health of consumers. Although common methods in drinking water purification can effectively control microbial factors, the formation of disinfection byproducts has made the process of using these methods a challenge. On the other hand, physical and chemical disinfectants are often limited due to their low efficiency, high price and production of toxic products. In the meantime, one of the methods that has been in the spotlight and developed a lot in recent years is the use of electricity to remove biological pollutants from water. Therefore, the aim of the current research is to study and evaluate the efficiency and effectiveness of the method of establishing the current of electricity in removing the coliform bacteria population in the Shahrchai River of Urmia. Materials and methods: The present research, which is descriptive-cross-sectional, started in a period of six months from February 2018 and continued until July 2019. The water sampling process of Shahrchai River in Urmia was carried out from two stations at the entrance of the No. 1 treatment plant and at the entrance of the Golshahr treatment plant, and the samples were transferred to the laboratory within 2 to 4 hours, and the presence of coliform bacteria was studied and measured by the MPN method. Then, in order to perform the electrolysis test, an electrochemical reactor with a voltage of 220 volts consisting of two electrodes made of iron and aluminum was prepared and the electric current was established for 10, 20, 30 and 70 minutes. Next, the data results were analyzed by SPSS version 21 software. Findings: The results show that the efficiency of coliform bacteria population removal depends on the pollutant source, duration, current intensity and type of electrodes. According to the results, the slope of the curve of changes in the amount of microbial contamination of the samples that were subjected to a constant current of 220 volts for 20 minutes showed a significant decrease. So that the microbial load of most samples was reduced by 50%. Therefore, it can be said that the removal efficiency has a direct relationship with the increase in time, and with the increase in the duration of the electric current in the samples, the removal rate of coliform bacteria also increases significantly. Conclusion: According to the results of this research, the use of the process of establishing the current of electricity is suggested as a suitable method with high efficiency and also compatible with the environment in water disinfection. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Evaluation of microbial contamination of Nawrood River to E. coli and Coliform bacteria based on global standards
Farzin Sayyad Ghorbani Shirin Safoura alidoost NedamaniSurface water resources, especially rivers, have long been used for agriculture and agriculture. Today, due to the mechanization of the cultivation process, the expansion of agronomy of cultivation and industry, the unnecessary use of pesticides and pesticides, as well MoreSurface water resources, especially rivers, have long been used for agriculture and agriculture. Today, due to the mechanization of the cultivation process, the expansion of agronomy of cultivation and industry, the unnecessary use of pesticides and pesticides, as well as the expansion of industrial centers and production units around rivers, the pollution and their microbial contamination have increased dramatically. Limitation of underground water resources and the increasing need for water resources, especially water resources, monitoring needs and updated control systems along with periodic sampling and analysis to assess the physical, chemical and biological changes of water resources and microbial load control Concentrated and carriers in the rivers. In this research, the concentration of two bacteria of Escherichia coli and Kelifram, which are indicators of water pollution to human wastewater, is investigated in the Nervod River, one of the largest and most rivers in the southwestern basin of the Caspian Sea, passing through the city of Asalem We've been. For this purpose, six sampling stations ((from each of the 3 districts of the city, 2 stations), with a total length of 15 km, were selected in the districts of Varje valley, Khordgol and Isalem, and sampling them in two seasons of spring and summer 1396 One sample per month. The findings indicate an increase in the river's microbial load in the spring and its decrease in summer. Also, by comparing the results of the analysis with global standards, the water of the Nawarud River has a microbial load below the global standard and for use in non-drinking Direct and unpolluted. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - A Study of the Effects of Purkan Village Wastewater Refinery on Qualitative Parameters of Karaj River
Faezeh Hosseini Amir hesam Hasani Amir hossein Javid Mojtaba SayadiToday the River of Karaj is exposed to all kinds of pollutions and destruction of ecosystem because of thedestructive effects of Tehran, a city with millions of residents. So it is important to examine the quality of thewater of this river to collect information about t MoreToday the River of Karaj is exposed to all kinds of pollutions and destruction of ecosystem because of thedestructive effects of Tehran, a city with millions of residents. So it is important to examine the quality of thewater of this river to collect information about the current situation. The objective of this study is to find out therole of the Purkan sanitary wastewater refinery on the quality of the water of the river. In current study, sampleswere collected from four stations: into, out of, before, and after the refinery, in seasonal form, four stages.Concentration of NO3,NH3,PO4,BOD5,COD,TSS,pH indices were tested according to methods suggested bystandard methods reference. Considering the results of the samples, data analysis was done using statistics. Theresults of physical , chemical and microbial analyses of the samples show that the refinery has no good role indecreasing basic parameters such as COD, TSS and FC (specially in summer season). In many cases, theparameters were more than the limit. The water in the river has an almost fixed condition, so; entrance of thewastewater into Karaj River does not show a great negative effect. As a result, it seems necessary to make aprogram to find a solution to remove the problems. Prevention of the direct entrance of the wastewater into theriver, modification of refinery function, optimization of filteration, and the use of wastewater in artificialirrigater may help remove these problems. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Survay the Coliform pollution in the Shafarood river of Guilan Province
S. Khatib haghighi A. Ghane M. Nahrvar In this survey, in order to study the Coliform pollution of Shafarud River, two layers from surface and sediment were sampled in five stations. Sampling was done seasonally during a year. The pollution b More In this survey, in order to study the Coliform pollution of Shafarud River, two layers from surface and sediment were sampled in five stations. Sampling was done seasonally during a year. The pollution by standard diagnosis of Coliform was completely examined. The most pollution was found in sediment layer of delta area. Besides, the highest Coliform count was seen during summer amounting to (44.2) Coliform in 100 cm3 and Fecal Coliform (22.1) in 100 cm3 river water. In summer, due to the high temperature, growth of bacteria is more than ever and in the delta area, because of calm flowing of water and it is passing through the city and agricultural centers, and entering garbage into it, the amount of pollution has been apparently reached a high level in comparison with other parts of the rivers with rapid flowing of water. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Investigating of the bacteriological contamination in traditionally manufactured ice creams in Urmia city
حسن Hassanzadazar رضا Abdollahi GH Haj Gholizadeh محمد Dalir Rad تورج MehdizadehIce cream is a popular dairy product especially in warm seasons. Due to its lengthy shelf life, it is considered as one of the potentially high-risk foods in transmission of food-borne pathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bacterial contamination of ice c MoreIce cream is a popular dairy product especially in warm seasons. Due to its lengthy shelf life, it is considered as one of the potentially high-risk foods in transmission of food-borne pathogens. The aim of this study was to evaluate the bacterial contamination of ice cream in Urmia city. To achieve this goal, Urmia city was divided into four regions based on scattering of the ice cream retailers. Afterwards, 144 samples were purchased from traditional retails using cluster sampling method. Bacterial contamination of the samples was analyzed according to the procedures of the Iranian National Standards. Based on the results, 78% of the samples contained the load of contamination higher than 4.2 × 107 CFU/g. Moreover, 82.9% of the samples were contaminated with more than 10 CFU of Enterobacteriaceae per gram. Results also revealed that 52.2% and 2.8% of the samples were contaminated with E. coli and coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus, respectively. Salmonella was not detected in any of the samples. High microbial contaminations in traditional ice creams represent non-hygienic practices at different stages of production. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - The Survey on Contamination Value of Staphylococcus aureus, Coliform and E.coli in Traditional Ice Cream Offered in Ahvaz Market
مریم Ekhtelat زهرا Zaheripour بهاره Shekar riz The diseases due of the consumption septic and unsafe nutrition are one of the major problems in developed and developing countries yet. Ice cream is a dairy product which favors the growth of microorganisms. Production of non-pasteurized hand made ice crea More The diseases due of the consumption septic and unsafe nutrition are one of the major problems in developed and developing countries yet. Ice cream is a dairy product which favors the growth of microorganisms. Production of non-pasteurized hand made ice cream as traditional ice cream is very popular in Iran. In attention to more consumption of ice cream in warm seasons, especially in tropical areas, this study was conducted from the aspect of indicator microorganisms in ice cream. In this research, totally 120 samples were collected during summer of 2009 from different part of Ahvaz. According to reference methods and in order to examine Coliform and E.coli and Staphylococcus aureus contamination of samples, selective media and finally biochemical test were carried out. The results showed that 94 (78.33%) and 13 (10.83%) samples were contaminated to coliform and E.coli respectively, while 38 (31.67%) out of 120 samples were contaminated to coagulase positive Staphylococcus aureus. The result of this study showed that in attention the standard limits, the most of the examined ice creams were not allowed for consumption. Therefore, the more seriously monitoring to prevent bacterial contaminations should be considered by responsible authorities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - The ratio of fecal coliform to fecal streptococci traditional ice cream marketed in Tabriz
حشمت Saderi Oskui افسانه TavakkoliiOrigin of contamination for traditional ice cream consist of using of using primarily contaminated or unpasteurized ingredients (i.e., milk or cream). Determination of coliform-Enterococcns ratio is among methods used for investigation of fecal coliform's origin. This s MoreOrigin of contamination for traditional ice cream consist of using of using primarily contaminated or unpasteurized ingredients (i.e., milk or cream). Determination of coliform-Enterococcns ratio is among methods used for investigation of fecal coliform's origin. This study aims to enumerate fecal coliform and Enterococci as well as their ratio, in order to find out the origin of contamination in traditional ice cream. Consequently, 21 traditional ice cream samples were collected throughout Tabriz. Samples were prepared and then enumation of fecal coliforms and Enterococci were performed according to the Iranian standards (No. 356, 2946 and 2198 respectively). Mean level of contamination for fecal coliforms was 6.67 and for Enterococci was 307.1. on the other hand, the fecal coliforms-Enterococci ratio was determined as 0.0217. Regarding the normal mean ratio of coliforms and Enterococci in cow's intestine, therefore the origin of contamination for traditional ice creams were distinguished as cow's feces which could enter cow's milk direct and lor indirectly. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Effect of Chitosan coating on some microbial and chemical properties of fresh chicken meat (orginal reserch article)
V. Koohdar B. RadmehrPoultry meat is highly perishable and if not packaged and stored properly, it could get soiled easily. Using of natural coatings such as chitosan in the packaging material is among the approaches that could extend its shelf life. In this study, the effect of chitosan co MorePoultry meat is highly perishable and if not packaged and stored properly, it could get soiled easily. Using of natural coatings such as chitosan in the packaging material is among the approaches that could extend its shelf life. In this study, the effect of chitosan coating as a natural preservative on shelf-life of fresh chicken fillet under chilled storage was investigated. For this, the chicken fillets were divided into the control and chitosan coated groups. Standard methods were used to evaluate the effect of chitosan on microbial (total bacterial and coliform count) and chemical (TVN) properties of samples during refrigerated storage (0, 3, 6, 9 and 12 days). Results showed that, the amount of total bacterial and coliform counts and total volatile nitrogen level in both groups was increased, but the increasing rate in coated samples was lower than uncoated ones. Coated and uncoated samples had statistically significant (P<0.05) difference in total bacterial and coliform counts and TVN level. In comparison with uncoated samples, the samples containing chitosan were later prone to microbial and chemical spoilage. Consequently, it can be concluded that coating poultry meat with chitosan could be applied as natural preservative for extending its shelf-life. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Investigating effect of Kelussia Odoratissima Mozaff powder on some microbial and sensation charactristics of Borujerd Domestic cheese
صدریه Sameti وجیهه Fadaei NoghaniNowadays use of natural antimicrobial compounds such as herbal powders and extracts in food storage is important; therefore, in this study, the antimicrobial effects of plant powder Kelussia Odoratissima Mozaff in at the levels of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 on preventing the grow MoreNowadays use of natural antimicrobial compounds such as herbal powders and extracts in food storage is important; therefore, in this study, the antimicrobial effects of plant powder Kelussia Odoratissima Mozaff in at the levels of 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 on preventing the growth of mold, yeast and coliforms; as well as the, overall acceptability, pH and acidity of Borujerd domestic cheese samples during the cold storage were studied. For this purpose, raw sheep's milk was heated to a temperature of35-37°C, and fungal rennet was added at a rate of0.06%. plants powders studied, after blanching with steam, was added with fungal rennet to milk. After clotting for one hour at room temperature, curds were poured in to a clean cloth to squeeze. After 12hours, the curds were sectioned and transferred to12% salt water, and were stored at 4°C during 60 days. The findings showed that with increasing the percentage of Kelussia Odoratissima Mozaff powder in cheese samples, the number of coliform and mold and yeast, titratable acidity and overall acceptability significantly decreased (p <0.05); and pH significantly increased (p <0.05). Finally, the sample containing 0.1% Kelussia Odoratissima Mozaff had more utility in sensory properties than the others that containing it. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Study on the contamination rate of traditional white cheese presented in Tabriz Markets to coliforms and pathogenic Escherichia coli
محمد Pourali-Behzad حمید Mirzaei Coliforms are considered as hygienic indicator organisms in foodstuffs and Escherichia is one of its genera. Escherichia coli is the most important species of the genus Escherichia and generally is considered as part of natural bacterial flora of human and More Coliforms are considered as hygienic indicator organisms in foodstuffs and Escherichia is one of its genera. Escherichia coli is the most important species of the genus Escherichia and generally is considered as part of natural bacterial flora of human and most animals intestine. Pathogenic Escherichia coli is causative agent of diarrhea in developing countries and areas with poor hygienic condition. The purpose of this study was to investigate the contaminated status of traditional white cheese in Tabriz retails in terms of coliforms, faecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, and pathogenic Escherichia coli. Ninety samples of white cheese were randomly collected from retails of different part of Tabriz. The samples were transferred to the laboratory under refrigerated conditions. Coliforms were counted by means of VRBA with pour plate method at 37±1°C. For Faecal Coliforms Briliant Green Bile broth at 44±0.5 °C were used. For confirming Escherichia coli among coliform bacteria, IMViC tests were applied. Pathogenic Escherichia coli was distinguish by polyvalent antiserums. The results of the study indicated that, the mean of coliforms were estimated at (27.07±1.51) ×105 cfu/ml. The number of coliforms in 88 (98%) samples was more than the limit allowed by the national standard for Iranian industrial white ripened cheese. Moreover, Sixty-three (70%) of the samples were contaminated to faecal coliforms. Although, 11 (12%) of the samples were contaminated to Escherichia coli, any sample was contaminated to pathogenic Escherichia coli. It can be concluded that, hygienic status of traditional white cheese offered in Tabriz markets was not satisfactory in terms of contamination to coliforms and Escherichia coli is. However, no samples was found positive as pathogenic Escherichia coli. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Investigation on the hygienic quality of natural mineral waters sold in the city of Tabriz in 2008
جلیل Khandaghi M.R Sehat khahWith the significant increase in bottled natural mineral water production and consumption over the last decade in our country, there has been a growing concern over the microbiological quality of such products. The purpose of the present study was to analyze various bot MoreWith the significant increase in bottled natural mineral water production and consumption over the last decade in our country, there has been a growing concern over the microbiological quality of such products. The purpose of the present study was to analyze various bottled natural mineral waters sold in Tabriz. In this study, 150 samples of such products were examined for aerobic colony count, coliforms, fecal coliforms, Escherichia coli, fecal streptococci, Clostridium perfringenes and Pseudomonas aeruginosa. Aerobic colony count pseudomonas and clostridium were determined using membrane filtration method and most probable number (MPN) method was used for determining coliforms and fecal streptococci. The results indicated that in 25.3% of the samples there was no microbial growth in plate count agar media and 2% of the samples were contaminated with high levels of aerobic colony count (more than 20 bacteria/ ml). Furthermore, of the 72.6% of samples with acceptable aerobic colony count, 2.75%, 1.83%, 2.75% and 0.91% were contaminated with coliforms, fecal streptococci, pseudomonas and clostridium respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Microbial contamination and concentration of aflatoxin in pistachio by-product
Pirouz Shakeri hasan fazaeliEach year, large amount of pistachio by-product (PBP) was produced after the processing of fresh pistachio. PBP has suitable nutritional value and is used as a feed stuff in animal nutrition. The objective of this study was to determine the microbial contamination and c MoreEach year, large amount of pistachio by-product (PBP) was produced after the processing of fresh pistachio. PBP has suitable nutritional value and is used as a feed stuff in animal nutrition. The objective of this study was to determine the microbial contamination and concentration of aflatoxin in PBP. The samples of PBP were collected from two types of processing system (traditional and industrial), three stage of pistachio harvesting, and three different intervals time of picking up the skin (1-2 hours, 5-6 hours and ≥13 hours). All samples were dried under the sun and then were milled. All of the samples were cultured in a sterile culture and total mould, Aspergillus moulds and Coliform, and E.coli bacteria were counted. The concentration of total aflatoxin was measured by HPLC via extraction. Results showed that the means of microbial population of total moulds, Aspergillus moulds and Coliforms, and E.coli bacteria count were 21000, 3892, 3094 and 1.1 CFU/g, respectively, that were below a critical level to interfere in animal nutrition. Although microbial population were different in sampling area (P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Physicochemical and Microbiological Characteristics of Traditional Yogurts Produced by Nomads in Khorasan-e-Razavi
mohamad habibi reza farimani sedigheh fazliYogurt is one of the most popular types of fermented milk almost all over the world particularly the Middle East. However, due to poor sanitary conditions of milking and storage, improper heat treatment, and secondary contamination, milk is a good media for transmission MoreYogurt is one of the most popular types of fermented milk almost all over the world particularly the Middle East. However, due to poor sanitary conditions of milking and storage, improper heat treatment, and secondary contamination, milk is a good media for transmission of a broad range of pathogens. The aim of this study was to examine health and chemical properties of artisanal yogurt produced by nomads. Samples were collected from nomadic regions in Khorasan-e-Razavi Province. The viable count of coliform, E.coli, coagulase-positive staphylococci (Staphylococcus aureus), yeast and molds, lactic acid bacteria and chemical properties (pH, acidity, fat and total solid) were determined. Most probable number (MPN) technique showed that only one yogurt sample prepared with raw milk exposed to low heat treatment (40 °C) was contaminated with 2/4 × 102 CFU/g coliform and was E. coli positive. No Staphylococcus aureus were found in all examined samples. High counts of Yeast and molds in some samples revealed unsatisfactory sanitary conditions during fermentation and post production. PH of yogurt samples was in the range of 3.8 - 4.3 and the acidity was between 1.3 – 2%. The fat content of yogurt samples was varied between 0.5 to 45%. It is concluded that above mentioned products were considered containing health risks. Authorities should pay more attention and supervision focused on improving health conditions for production of such dairy product. This survey is the first reported case about production of a yogurt with raw milk in Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Effect of Plant Extracts and Packaging on Control of Microbial Property and Antioxidant Activity of Basil
narjes mansouri Mohammad Moghaddam fatemeh kazemi masomeh bahraini Hussain AroieeIn order to disinfection and increase the shelf life of vegetables, it is necessary to use natural compounds with suitable packaging. In this study, natural plant compounds were studied in reducing microbial load and their effect, along with two types of zip-plast and c MoreIn order to disinfection and increase the shelf life of vegetables, it is necessary to use natural compounds with suitable packaging. In this study, natural plant compounds were studied in reducing microbial load and their effect, along with two types of zip-plast and cellophane packaging on total phenolic content and antioxidant activity of basil. Hydro-alcoholic extracts of green tea and Khorasani thyme were prepared. Basil leaves were exposed to concentrations of 10, 20 and 40 percent of the extracts for 15 minutes. Then they were placed in the packaging of cellophane and zip-plast and storage with a relative humidity of 85% and a temperature of 7°C. Reduced bacterial count was measured after basil treatment by the different concentrations mentioned in both extracts. Total phenolic content and antioxidant activity basil were measured during the storage period for four periods. 40% concentration of green tea extract reduced the Enterobacteriaceae by 4.48 logarithms in basil samples. Extract concentration of 40% Khorasan thyme and green tea were able to bring coliform bacteria population to zero. In the survey of total phenolic content of basil during storage showed 10% concentration of Khorasan thyme extract at zip-plast packaging and in antioxidant activity of basil samples, 10% concentration of both extracts in zip-plast packaging had the least changes compared to fresh basil. In addition, green tea and Khorasan thyme extracts as natural compounds with high antioxidant and antimicrobial properties, along with zip-plast packaging, can be considered for increasing the shelf-life and reducing the microbial pollution of basil Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Inactivation of Fecal coliforms during solar and photocatalytic disinfection by zinc oxide (ZnO) nanoparticles in compound parabolic concentrators (CPCs)
Ahmadreza Yazdanbakhsh Kourosh Rahmani Hasan Rahmani Mansour Sarafraz Masoumeh Tahmasebizadeh Ayat Rahmani -
Open Access Article
22 - Investigation of Microbial Contamination of the Mahabad Dam Reservoir in Different Seasons
Mohammad Hossein Sadeghi Zali
Sanad
Sanad is a platform for managing Azad University publications
Links
Related Centers
Technical Support
Official pages
The rights to this website are owned by the Raimag Press Management System.
Copyright © 2021-2024