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Open Access Article
1 - Assessment of Microbial Quality and Chlorimetry of Drinking Water of the Abadeh City During 2015-2016 and Comparison with the National and WHO Standards
Leila Nematollahi haniyeh nowzariBackground and Objective: Water quality is one of the issues that are directly related to the health and personal and public health of the society, and monitoring the water and providing its health conditions is of great importance. Therefore, the aim of this study was MoreBackground and Objective: Water quality is one of the issues that are directly related to the health and personal and public health of the society, and monitoring the water and providing its health conditions is of great importance. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the microbial quality of drinking water in Abadeh in 2015 and to compare its quality with national standards and the World Health Organization (WHO). Method: In this study, 122 water samples for microbial measurement and 3864 water samples for chlorimetry were analyzed from water network of Abadeh city during 2015-2016. Multiple tube fermentation method and colorimetric method were used to determine fecal and total coliform bacteria and residual chlorine, respectively. Finally, all data were analysed by one sample T-test, Chi-Square, Mann-Withney, Kruskal-Wallis and Pearson Correlation Matrix. Findings: The results showed that the total coliform was 0 MPN/100ml in 98.36% of all samples and the fecal coliform was 0 MPN/100ml in 100% of all samples by microbial analysis and the residual chlorine were desirable in 78.0% of the samples and meet the expectations of national and international standards. Winter and summer showed the lowest and greatest amount of residual chlorine, respectively. On the other hand, the results showed significant negative associations between the amounts of the residual chlorine of the water with the presence of coliform bacteria in the water. Discussion and Conclusion: The microbial index of drinking water of the Abadeh city is lower than the standard limit of the WHO microbial Index and the national standard. As a result, the quality of drinking water of the city is desirable. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Determination of organochlorine pesticide residues in the sediments of Rasht Rivers and their hazard assessment
Shahab Yousefzadeh Ebrahim Asghari-Kaljahi Nasir AmelBackground and Objective: In this study, some samples of bed sediments from Rasht rivers were obtained and 19 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were determined for specifying the contamination profiles, distribution characteristics, effective factors and hazard of carcin MoreBackground and Objective: In this study, some samples of bed sediments from Rasht rivers were obtained and 19 organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) were determined for specifying the contamination profiles, distribution characteristics, effective factors and hazard of carcinogenic compounds. OCPs as Persistent Organic Pollutants (POPS) haskhown vast distribution, persistence and accumulation in the environment. Their high toxicity to humans and non-target organisms are a significant threat to human health and biodiversity. Method: Identify and determine the concentrations of organochlorine pesticides analysis were conducted on bed sediment samples by liquid-liquid micro extraction method and then by gas chromatography flame ionization (GC-FID) and via external standard calibration curve drawing. Findings:Based on the analysis, total concentration of OCPs is in the range of 2.6-60.2 ng/g, with an average of 20 ng/g. The main sources of pollution are Heptachlor, HCHs, DDTs and Endosulfans and highest contamination of the dominant pollutant DDE isomers belonges to sediments of Pir Bazar River. Discussion and Conclusion: The results are showed that there were various amounts of new and past entries. The analysis shows that the potential source of high levels of DDTs and HCHs residues of pesticides returns to the pastconsumptions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - A Neural Network Model for Prediction of Tri-Halo-Methane Concentration in Drinking Water
Mohammad Javad Zoqi Mohammad Ali JafariIn this study a neural network model is proposed for modeling tri-halo-methane concentration indrinking water. After training, the neural network model predicts tri-halo-methane concentration basedon input data. Parameters such as pH, Temperature, free chlorine residue MoreIn this study a neural network model is proposed for modeling tri-halo-methane concentration indrinking water. After training, the neural network model predicts tri-halo-methane concentration basedon input data. Parameters such as pH, Temperature, free chlorine residue and TOC were used as inputdata. To validate the proposed method, a case study was carried out, based on the data obtained fromGuilan grand treatment plant (Sangar). The Levenberg-Marquardt algorithm was selected as the bestof thirteen back-propagation algorithms. The optimal neuron number for Levenberg-Marquardtalgorithm is 8 neurons. The performance of modeling was determined. The trends of the forecast andmeasured data were in good agreement. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Study of Organ Chlorine Pesticides Concentration in Sediments of Southern of the Caspian Sea
Mehrzad keshavarz fard Ali Mashynchyan Moradi Seyed Mohammad Reza Fatemi Abas Esmaili SariOrgan chlorine pesticides are very important due to carcinogenic and delayed toxic function and their effect on nervous system offish and human. In this project concentrations of organ chlorine pesticides including Lindane, Heptachlor, Dieldrin, Aldrin and DDT was mea MoreOrgan chlorine pesticides are very important due to carcinogenic and delayed toxic function and their effect on nervous system offish and human. In this project concentrations of organ chlorine pesticides including Lindane, Heptachlor, Dieldrin, Aldrin and DDT was measured in sediments of southern coasts of Caspian Sea from Astara, Hashtpar, Bandare Anzali, Kiashahr, Ramsar, Chalous, Noor, Feraidoun Kenar, Khazarabade Sari and Bandare Turkman stations. After sampling from above mentioned stations, they have been extracted, separated, condensed and then have been analyzed by GC system an equipped with electron capture detector. In sampled sediments, Heptachlor with an average of 0.493 mg/kg on wet weight concentration and Aldrin with an average ofO.OOl mg/kg on wet weight concentration have the highest and lowest concentrations, respectively. The order of these pesticides according to average of concentrations, are as follow: Heptachlor > DDT > Dieldrin > Lindane > Aldrin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Prediction of toxicity and octanol – water partition coefficient of organochlorine pesticides using Molecular Descriptors and GA-MLR Method
F. Shafiei Z. ZamaniIn this research, Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship (QSAR) studies have been used to predict activities of organochlorine pesticides. Firstly, the chemical structure of molecules was drawn with the Gauss view 05 program and optimized at Hartree–Fo MoreIn this research, Quantitative Structure–Activity Relationship (QSAR) studies have been used to predict activities of organochlorine pesticides. Firstly, the chemical structure of molecules was drawn with the Gauss view 05 program and optimized at Hartree–Fock level of theory and 6-31G* basis sets using Gaussian 09 software. The physiochemical properties namely octanol-water partition coefficient (logP) and toxicity (log LD50) are taken from the scientific web book. The dragon software has been used for the calculation of molecular descriptors. The suitable descriptors were selected with the aid of the genetic algorithm (GA) and backward techniques. At the next step, the relationship between molecular descriptors and the activities was investigated by multiple linear regression (MLR) method. In order to build and test QSAR models, a data set of organochlorine pesticides was randomly separated into 2 groups: training (80%) and test (20%) sets. The models were evaluated with regression parameters: correlation coefficient (R), squared regression coefficient (R2), adjusted correlation coefficient (R2 adj) and root mean squared error (RMSE). For the predictive ability and verification of the models are discussed by using Leave-One-Out (LOO) cross-validation and external test set. The external prediction accuracy of the obtained models was examined using the above regression parameters. Results of validations and high statistical quality of models indicate that generated GA-MLR models are reasonable QSAR models. These models help to delineate the important descriptors responsible for predicting their activities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Evaluation Response of Different Genotypes of Sugarcane to Absorb and Transfer of Nutrition Elements Affected Salinity Stress
Faraj Mosavi Alireza Shokuhfar -
Open Access Article
7 - Solvent Free Synthesis of tetra alkyl- phenyl-1H-pyrimido [4, 5-e][1,3,4]Thiadiazine-3,7-diamines
mohammad kazem mohammadi -
Open Access Article
8 - تعیین مقدار کلر آبهای زیرزمینی، با استفاده از هدایتالکتریکی با روشهای زمینآمار ( مطالعه موردی چاههای آب شرب مشهد )
سید حسین موسوی فضل علیرضا فرید حسینی بیژن قهرماناطلاع از غلظت کلر در آبهای زیرزمینی، برای مصارف شرب و کشاورزی مهم است. اگر غلظت این عنصر در آب بیش از حد باشد، میتواند باعث بروز مشکلاتی برای انسان و مسمومیت برای گیاه شود. اندازهگیری کلر در آبهای زیرزمینی در سطح وسیع، پر هزینه و وقتگیر است‏، Moreاطلاع از غلظت کلر در آبهای زیرزمینی، برای مصارف شرب و کشاورزی مهم است. اگر غلظت این عنصر در آب بیش از حد باشد، میتواند باعث بروز مشکلاتی برای انسان و مسمومیت برای گیاه شود. اندازهگیری کلر در آبهای زیرزمینی در سطح وسیع، پر هزینه و وقتگیر است‏، بنابراین دستیابی به روشی آسان و کم هزینهتر، دارای اهمیت ویژهای است. روشهای زمین آمار، بر پایه متغیرهای مکانی استوارند. تغییرات این دسته از متغیرها از نقطهای به نقطه دیگر، دارای پیوستگی مشخصی است. این پژوهش به منظور ارزیابی توانایی روشهای زمین آمار، در تخمین کلر با استفاده از متغیر کمکی هدایتالکتریکی در آبهای زیرزمینی محدوده شهر مشهد و اطراف آن انجام شد. برای این منظور از 276 حلقه چاه عمیق منطقه، نمونه برداری شد و پارامترهای هدایت الکتریکی و کلر، اندازهگیری شدند. دادهها با نرمافزار جی اس پلاس ( GS+ )، تجزیه و تحلیل شدند. برای بررسی همبستگی مکانی دادهها، واریوگرامهای تجربی هر متغیر و واریوگرام متقابل آنها، محاسبه و ترسیم شدند. نتایج نشان داد، پیوستگی خوبی بین پارامترهای اندازهگیری شده وجود دارد. ضریب همبستگی دو متغیر، براساس واریوگرام متقابل آنها، 91/. محاسبه شد. برای هدایتالکتریکی، مدل کروی و برای کلر، مدل گوسین بر مبنای حداقل مقدار RSS به عنوان مناسبترین مدل برازش داده شد. برای مقایسه روشهای تخمین، از روش ریشه دوم میانگین مربع خطاها (RMSE) و نمودار پراکنش مقادیر مشاهدهای و برآوردی استفاده شد. روش­های زمین­آمار، مقادیر کلر را با دقت بیشتری نسبت به روشهای IDW و NDW برآورد نمودند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Investigation of mechanical and durability properties of lightweight concrete containing Pumice
Amirmohammad Soleimani Seyed Amir Hossein Hashemi -
Open Access Article
10 - Potential of wheat (Triticum aestivum) and quinoa (Chenopodium quinoa) for phytodesalination of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and chlorine under different water salinity stresses
Sepideh Hoseini Roxana Moogouei Mehdi Borghei Zahra Abedi Mehdi RamezaniThis study was conducted to evaluate the ability to grow and reduce water salinity by quinoa and wheat plants in greenhouse and hydroponic. This research was conducted in the form of a two-factor factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with thre MoreThis study was conducted to evaluate the ability to grow and reduce water salinity by quinoa and wheat plants in greenhouse and hydroponic. This research was conducted in the form of a two-factor factorial experiment based on a randomized complete block design with three replications. The treatments included 4 salinity levels of zero (control), 5, 10 and 15 dS / m and two species of wheat and quinoa. In this study, traits such as total plant dry weight, accumulation of calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium and total plant chlorine and the efficiency of water uptake by plants were measured. The results of this study showed that quinoa has more ability to absorb and accumulate elements than wheat and is a plant resistant to salinity stress. The results showed that the concentrations of sodium, chlorine and magnesium per plant (5.48, 10.12 and 1.12 g for wheat and 10.76, 11.65 and 2.66 g for wheat, respectively). Absorption efficiency of sodium, chlorine and magnesium from water (12.28%, 11.30% and 20.22% for wheat and 23.12%, 14.60% and 24.79% for quinoa, respectively). The results also showed that the amount of sodium, chlorine and magnesium accumulated in the plant and the efficiency of phytodesalination of sodium, chlorine and magnesium from saline water significantly increased with increasing in salinity for both wheat and quinoa. In the case of calcium and potassium bioaccumulation and phytodesalination efficiency decreased with increasing salinity. As a result, quinoa showed a significant bioaccumulation efficiency in dry weight production, compared to wheat, so it can be considered as an alternative plant for cultivation in salinity and dry climate conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Investigation and identification of chloropyrifos and 2, 4, D removal in Susangard water treatment plant
maryam ahmadiChlorpyrifos and 2,4, D toxins are chlorine toxins. Organo chlorine pesticides are a class of toxins Their most important feature is the accumulation in the environment and have a very strong effect on the central nervous system of insects.This study examines and identi MoreChlorpyrifos and 2,4, D toxins are chlorine toxins. Organo chlorine pesticides are a class of toxins Their most important feature is the accumulation in the environment and have a very strong effect on the central nervous system of insects.This study examines and identifies chloropyrifos and 2,4, D toxins in the Susangerd water treatment plant and the effect of the Susangerd water treatment process on the removal of these toxins.In this way, at the entrance of the treatment plant, the output of the treatment plant and a middle stage, sampling is done and the amount of chlorine toxins in each stage is measured.The sampling period is September, October and November 2018. In order to identify and determine the amount of toxins studied, the GC-MS device of the American manufacturer Agilent 7890 was used. Based on the results of this study, chloropyrifos and 2,4,D toxins were detected in the raw water of the treatment plant and with the measurements made, it became clear that Chlorpyrifos 92.38% and 2,4, D 98.2% were removed by the Susangerd refinery process and the residual value was very small and standard. This indicates the efficiency of the said treatment plant. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - The Least Cost Design of Water Distribution Networks Using Water Quality Constraints
M. Tabesh M. Zabihi M. Dini -
Open Access Article
13 - Determination of DDT pesticide in muscle tissues of Cyprinus carpio, Rutilus frisii kutum & Liza auratas fish in southern coastal regions of Caspian Sea
P. Nejatkhah Manavi E. Shirvani Mahdavi M. Esmaeili BidhendiThis investigation was carried out in 2013 to measure the concentration ofagricultural organochlorine pesticide DDT in muscle tissues of three fish speciesincluding Cyprinus carpio, Rutilus frisii kutum & Liza auratas in eight stations insouthern coast of the C MoreThis investigation was carried out in 2013 to measure the concentration ofagricultural organochlorine pesticide DDT in muscle tissues of three fish speciesincluding Cyprinus carpio, Rutilus frisii kutum & Liza auratas in eight stations insouthern coast of the Caspian Sea (Bandar Torkaman, Khazarabad Sari,Fereydunkenar, Chalous, Kiashahr, Bandar Anzali, Hashtpar and Astara), Iran. In eachstation, five fish samples per species were caught and the concentration of thepesticide were measured by gas chromatography – electron capture detector (GCECD)in each of them. The average amount of DDT in C. carpio, R. frisii kutum & L.auratas were 0.11 ±0.24, 0.17 ±0.25 and 0.163 ±0.25 ng/g fresh weight,respectively. The most contaminated stations in terms of DDT contamination wasKiashahr (averagely, 0.64 ±0.02 ng/g based on fresh weight). In all stations, amountof DDT was lower than the maximum residue limit (0.28 mg/g fresh weight).Moreover, the level of the pesticide, DDT, in muscle tissue of the fish from all stationswas not higher than acceptable daily intake (ADI). The levels of DDT in studied fishesare significantly lower than in 2008. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Effects Aerosol of Industrial Bleach and Detergent Mixture on Mucosa Layer and Lamina Mucosa Conjunctiva in Mice
Gh. Vaezi M. Pourkazem F. Toosi F. Aliabadi -
Open Access Article
15 - Modeling the Chlorine Gas Dispersion in the Water Treatment Plant
Hadi Shamizadeh Ramin Alinejad Shahabi Mehdi Arjmand -
Open Access Article
16 - Occurrence of Organochlorines Contaminants in Coastal Fish from Sepetiba Bay: Levels and Human Health Repercussions
A. Pacheco Ferreira -
Open Access Article
17 - Histopathology of Inhalation of Industrial Bleach and Detergent Mixture on Epithelial Layer of Trachea in Mice
Gh. Vaezi F. Aliabadi Ab. shiravi M. pourkazem F. Toosi -
Open Access Article
18 - The Risk of Exposure To Pesticides on Autism Disorder: a Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
Zahra Moradpour Ali akbar Shafikhani Neda Izady Rezvan Zendehdel Ali Omidi -
Open Access Article
19 - Assessment of Organochlorine (OC) Pesticides Residues in Sediment, Soil, and Fish Samples from River Owan, Edo State, Nigeria
Akinyinka Akinnusotu Justina E. Ukpebor Felix E. Okieimen Benjamin O. Opawale Eniayo A. Komolafe -
Open Access Article
20 - Study on the effect of low-energy milling work and mechanoleaching on the chlorination of chalcopyrite
Hirbod Ranjkesh Amirhosein Emami Reza EbrahiKahrizsangiIn this research, chlorination of chalcopyrite in a low-energy mill was carried out in order to convert chalcopyrite to copper chloride. Chalcopyrite milling was performed at ambient temperature and in different times and dry chlorine gas atmosphere. Also, chlorination MoreIn this research, chlorination of chalcopyrite in a low-energy mill was carried out in order to convert chalcopyrite to copper chloride. Chalcopyrite milling was performed at ambient temperature and in different times and dry chlorine gas atmosphere. Also, chlorination process was combined by mechanoleaching using different solvents at different times. X-ray diffraction analysis was used to identify the phases formed in the samples. X-ray diffraction pattern of milled chalcopyrite powders showed that in the low-energy milling, after a specified time, chalcopyrite is converted to chloride of iron, copper and sulfur. Scanning electron microscope images were obtained to evaluate the products morphology and reaction kinetics. Eventually, after 20 hours milling, about 60 percent of chalcopyrite were converted into chlorides. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - The Effects of Inhaling the Toxic Mixture of Bleach and Detergent Materials on Leukocytes of Mice
غلامحسن واعظی فاطمه طوسی عبدالحسین شیروی مهسا پورکاظم فرشته علی آبادیToday,bleachandcleaningmaterialsarethemost commonproductsthatareused bythe public.Sometimes amixtureofbleachanddetergentsforcleaninguse someoftheChemistryof thefurtherrelease ofchlorine gaspoisoningandthesymptomsaresevere.Chlorinegashas been knownas a mucus membranes an MoreToday,bleachandcleaningmaterialsarethemost commonproductsthatareused bythe public.Sometimes amixtureofbleachanddetergentsforcleaninguse someoftheChemistryof thefurtherrelease ofchlorine gaspoisoningandthesymptomsaresevere.Chlorinegashas been knownas a mucus membranes and respiratory tract irritant .This gas can increase free radicals. Free radicalscancausecell damage.Theeffects ofinhalingthe gasanditsconsumptiononbody tissuesandbloodcells,complete informationis available The aimof this studythe effects ofinhalingtoxicmaterials,bleachanddetergentmixtureofbloodcellsinthemice.42adult male mice NMRIweighing35andplusmn;3 g and10 to 8weeksto6 groupswere divided intoexperimentalandcontrolgroups. Experimentalgroup1 - 2 -3 withthechamberaglass(chamber)to beinhaledfor 20 minutestosprayamixtureof1 ccof bleachanddetergent were usedby thenebulizer.Experimentalgroups4-5-6, 35minutestoinhalethe same amountofmaterialreceivedmiceat24 to 48-72 hoursafterinhalationofblood sampling, they werethenGiemsastainedslidespreparedandexaminedNewbury.Thestudywasdoneby increasing theexposuretimeincreasedsignificantly thenumber ofleukocytesanderythrocyteswere foundtohavebeentransformed.Increasedduration ofexposure toa mixture ofbleachanddetergent, and over time changesincreased thenumber ofleukocytes. Manuscript profile