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Open Access Article
1 - Qualitative study of surface water sources to achieve sustainable agriculture and natural resources (case study: Aras Border River)
Milad Tabatabaei Hashemi Mahdi Sarai Tabrizi Hossein BabazadehSince the agricultural sector is the main consumer of water in the country, achieving sustainable agriculture without considering environmental issues may lead to risks in the long term, therefore, the quantity and quality of surface water is so important in agriculture MoreSince the agricultural sector is the main consumer of water in the country, achieving sustainable agriculture without considering environmental issues may lead to risks in the long term, therefore, the quantity and quality of surface water is so important in agriculture. This research has investigated the Ares River catchment area with the aim of qualitative monitoring of surface water resources to achieve sustainable agriculture and natural resources. More than 100 collected samples from 9 stations of Aras River between Yaichi village in Azerbaijan and near Aras Dam from October 2017 to August 2018 have been investigated, classified, and evaluated using the Wilcox agricultural water quality index and Grapher software. The results of this research showed that the samples in Schuler's diagram were within the acceptable range but for drinking, other effective elements should also be investigated. The lowest amount of sodium absorption ratio was in June (1.40 mg/L) and the highest amount was in November (3.43 mg/L). Also, the electrical conductivity of water was the lowest value in June (840 µs/cm) and the highest value in October (1375 µs/cm). According to the Wilcox diagram, all the samples were in the qualitative range of C3S1 and they are considered saltwater. Despite the high level of salinity in the samples of this river, there was no significant difference in the qualitative trends of the stations during the investigated period for agricultural use, but the necessary measures should be taken in using these waters. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Assessment of Spatial Distribution some Ground Water Quality Indexes in Adrabil Plain for Irrigation uses
Farrokh Asadzadeh Hossein Pirkharrati Zahra Sheikhi AlmanabadThe quantitative and qualitative decline of groundwater in recent years has needed for proper management of water from these valuable resources. One of the important ways to achieve this goal is to monitoring groundwater quality. In the present study, 12 water quality p MoreThe quantitative and qualitative decline of groundwater in recent years has needed for proper management of water from these valuable resources. One of the important ways to achieve this goal is to monitoring groundwater quality. In the present study, 12 water quality parameters related to 63 wells in Ardebil plain were measured in June and September (dry and wet season), 2013-2012, then water quality indices were studied. After calculating the indices, the ArcGIS10 software were used to prepare the maps and then calculate some important statistical parameters. The results showed that groundwater in Ardebil Plain with EC and SAR indexes average, 405.17 microseisms per cm and 2.8 in the C3-S1 class, according to Wilcox classification, and had a low to moderate limit Salinity and without any limit in term of penetration in the soil. RSC, KR and PI Indicators, which express the risk of sodium, indicate that there is no sodium constraint and have a good quality. The CR index with 0.8 average also indicated a lack of groundwater corrosion risk. Investigating the Na and Cl also indicates an average limit for water toxicity for the plants cultivated in Ardebil plain. On the other hand, the zoning maps of the studied indices showed that salinity in some parts of the plain has a low to moderate limit, and in eastern and southern parts, it has no limitation. According SAR index most part of plain was unlimited, with only a small portion of the southern plain with moderate constraints. The LSI index showed that in most plain areas, the value of this index is greater than zero, and therefore there will be a risk of droplets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - بررسی روند تغییرات زمانی شوری آب در ایستگاههای هیدرومتری رودخانه دز از نظر کاربرد در کشاورزی
سعید آزیش علی عصاره داود خدادادی دهکردیدر این مطالعه روند تغییرات شوری آب رودخانه دز از نظر کاربرد در کشاورزی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بدین منظور 7 ایستگاه آب­سنجی در طول مسیر رودخانه انتخاب شد. آمار اندازه­گیری شده شوری آب رودخانه در سال­های 93-83 از سازمان آب و برق خوزستان جمع&sh Moreدر این مطالعه روند تغییرات شوری آب رودخانه دز از نظر کاربرد در کشاورزی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. بدین منظور 7 ایستگاه آب­سنجی در طول مسیر رودخانه انتخاب شد. آمار اندازه­گیری شده شوری آب رودخانه در سال­های 93-83 از سازمان آب و برق خوزستان جمع­آوری و مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. سپس نتایج با استانداردهای ویلکوکس و رهنمودهای آب آبیاری آیرز و وستکات مورد بررسی و طبقه بندی قرار گرفت. در طبقه بندی ویلکوکس در طی 10 سال، ایستگاه های سپید دشت سزار، سپید دشت زاز، تنگ پنج سزار و دزفول در کلاس C2-S1 قرار گرفت؛ که در نتیجه از نظر نسبت جذب سدیمی در محدوده کم خطر و از نظر شوری در محدوده آب­های کمی شور قرار دارد که برای کشاورزی تقریبا مناسب هستند. ایستگاه تنگ­پنج بختیاری نیز در سال­های 84-83، 84-85، 85-86 ، 88-89 و 92-91 در کلاس C2-S1 و در سال های 87-86، 88-87، 90-89، 91-90، 93-92 و 94-93 در کلاس C3-S1 قرار گرفت. همچنین ایستگاه­های حرمله و بامدژ در کلاس C3-S1 قرار گرفتند که از نظر نسبت جذب سدیمی در محدوده کم خطر و از نظر شوری در محدوده آب­های شور قرار می­گیرند؛ که در نتیجه با تمهیدات مناسب و مدیریت کنترل شوری و استفاده از زهکشی مناسب زمین برای کشاورزی مشکلی بوجود نمی­آورند. از نظر رده­بندی کیفیت آب آبیاری به روش FAO، میزان سدیم، کلسیم، منیزیم و سولفات نرمال است و در استفاده از بی­کربنات همه ایستگاه­های مورد بررسی با محدودیت متوسط مواجه بود. از نظر کلر نیز فقط ایستگاه بامدژ با محدودیت مواجه بود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Quality Management Approaches and their impact on firms’ financial performance (The Case of EFQM)
Seyyedeh Leyla Samadi AliReza ErajPourAt the national level, attention to quality and efforts to its constant improvement, play the major role in economic development and neglecting these leads to the loss of domestic production and will increase imports. The model of excellence is a tool to reflect a compr MoreAt the national level, attention to quality and efforts to its constant improvement, play the major role in economic development and neglecting these leads to the loss of domestic production and will increase imports. The model of excellence is a tool to reflect a comprehensive image of the organization. These models validate the performance of firms in implementing improvement programs at different period of times and also they are utilized as a driver for organizations and businesses for excellence, growth and earning money. The aim of this study is investigating the effect of the quality management on the Financial Performance Efficiency of companies and the impact of the equipment on the productivity improvements and labor and capital efficiency during the periods before EFQM certification and after that for the period of 1390 to 1393 through semi-longitudinal and cross-sectional data and the Wilcoxon test was used. Results indicate there is not any significant difference among financial variables ROA, ROS and VADLAB on financial performance and as a result, hypothesis based on the impact of EFQM Model on financial performance is rejected. It means the companies have failed in improving their financial performance and only the result of the test of third hypothesis of financial efficiency variable on financial performance has been significant CAPLAB. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Drought effects on surface water quality in Golestan province for Irrigation Purposes, Case study: Gorganroud River
Nader Jandaghi Ali Heshmatpour Mojtaba Ghareh Mahmoodlu Saeedeh PasandIn this study, a part of the Gorganroud basin was selected to evaluate of the drought effect on 13 water physicochemical parameters. After collecting meteorological and hydrometric stations data in a period of 43-year (1350-1393), a 5-year drought index was determined u MoreIn this study, a part of the Gorganroud basin was selected to evaluate of the drought effect on 13 water physicochemical parameters. After collecting meteorological and hydrometric stations data in a period of 43-year (1350-1393), a 5-year drought index was determined using the standard precipitation index and moving average method. Then, the water quality parameters were obtained for a long-term and a drought period using the available hydrometric stations data. The average concentration of most of anions and cations, electrical conductivity, and sodium adsorption ratio have increased from upstream to downstream, so that, this increase in the downstream station is about seven times higher than its upstream station in the drought period. The average of anions, cations, electrical conductivity, and sodium absorption ratios were increase during the drought period compared to the long-term period. Using the Wilcox diagram, agricultural water quality is decreases in the direction of river flow, so that the water category changes from C2S1 (suitable for agriculture) in the upstream to C4S3 (harmful to agriculture) in the downstream. Therefore, it can be concluded that the occurrence of drought periods has a significant effect on the water quality factors in comparison with the long-term period, so that, the agricultural water quality drastically has reduced by a decrease in rainfall and subsequently decrease in river discharge within the drought period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Investigating of Hydro-geochemical of Groundwater in Shiramin Plain using Artificial Neural Networks
Reza Norouzi Somayeh Emami Hamed ShiralizadhehGroundwater is one of the most important water resources in arid and semi-arid regions. Increased water consumption due to population growth, has a great impact on quality and quantity of water supply. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of interpola MoreGroundwater is one of the most important water resources in arid and semi-arid regions. Increased water consumption due to population growth, has a great impact on quality and quantity of water supply. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the accuracy of interpolation methods for predicting the spatial distribution of some groundwater quality indices for Shiramin plain. In this study, hydro-geochemical quality of groundwater resources for drinking, agricultural and industry purposes was investigated with the Wilcox and Schoeller Standards in Shiramin plain East Azerbaijan province, Iran. Further in the research, the modeling of quality parameters (TDS), EC and SAR is done with using artificial neural network. According to Schuler and Wilcox groundwater quality index, water was moderately suitable and unsuitable for agriculture and drinking, respectively. The most of the samples were in C3-S1 category. The results are representative of the acceptable performance of ANNs to predict groundwater quality. . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Qualitative Assessment of Groundwater Resources of Izeh Plain in Khuzestan Province
Khashayar Peyghan Payvand Papan Masoud Sadeghi MianrodiIntroductionAlarming population growth and socio-economic development have increased the demand for water, energy and food, and challenged the sustainability of resources worldwide. In Iran, the availability of water resources has decreased drastically due to increased MoreIntroductionAlarming population growth and socio-economic development have increased the demand for water, energy and food, and challenged the sustainability of resources worldwide. In Iran, the availability of water resources has decreased drastically due to increased demand and prolonged periods of drought. In areas where surface water is limited or not easily accessible, groundwater resources are the largest fresh water reserves. Indiscriminate extraction of well water and the expansion of agricultural and industrial activities, along with climate change and numerous droughts, have caused changes in the quality of groundwater in many areas. Khuzestan province in the southwest of Iran, which is located in special geographical and hydrological conditions, has the largest share of fresh water and agricultural activity in Iran. The insufficiency of surface water resources to meet the demand in different sectors, and the increase in the use of nitrogen fertilizers in agricultural lands has caused an increase in the extraction of groundwater in the province and has put these resources at risk of pollution. This research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the quality of groundwater resources of Izeh plain in the northeast of Khuzestan province for various uses.Material and MethodsThe studied area with an area of 388 km2 is located in the northeast of Khuzestan province. There are two types of aquifers in the study area, one is an alluvial aquifer and the other is a karst aquifer. In recent years, the contamination of alluvial sediments of the plain with bacteria has caused the water extraction from wells to be stopped and more studies and researches have to be done in this field. For this purpose, 19 observation wells have been dug in different parts of the plain. The measured parameters included calcium, magnesium, sodium, potassium, chlorine, bicarbonate, sulfate, sodium absorption ratio, electrical conductivity, acidity and total dissolved solids. In this research, the Piper diagram was used to identify the type of water, the Stiff diagram was used for the hydrochemical analysis of water samples, the Wilcox diagram was used to determine the quality of groundwater for agricultural purposes, and the Schoeller diagram was used for drinking purposes. Water quality graphs were drawn with HydroChem and GWW software.Results and DiscausionAccording to Piper diagram, most types of groundwater samples in Izeh plain are bicarbonate, calcium carbonate and magnesium bicarbonate. Groundwater samples in parts of the alluvial aquifer of Izeh Plain, which are fed by Asmari and Ilam-Seruk limestones and are far enough from the city, show the calcium bicarbonate type, and in the central parts of the plain, it varies from calcium bicarbonate to magnesium bicarbonate. Based on the Stiff diagrams, Izeh groundwater samples can be classified into four categories. The first category includes wells E1, E5, E9, E12, E13, E14, E16, E17, E18, E20 and E21 (feeding water from the Asmari limestone formation), the second category includes wells E4, E6 and E22 (contaminated groundwater), the third category includes wells E7, E10 and E11 (groundwater in contact with Gachsaran formation) and the fourth category includes wells E3 and E15 (feeding water from Ilam-Sarvak limestone formation). According to the Wilcox diagram, the water of wells E1, E3, E12, E13, E16, E17 and E18 in the category S1-C2, the water of wells E6, E9 and E22 in the category S1-C3, as well as the water of wells E7, E10 and E11 respectively in the categories S2-C4, S1-C4 and S2-C3 are. In total, in terms of salinity hazard, the water of seven wells is in the medium range, four wells are in the high range and only two wells are in the very high range. The groundwater of the studied area has suitable conditions in terms of alkalinity, so that the water of 11 wells has a low hazard of alkalinity and only the water of two wells has a medium hazard of alkalinity. The analysis of the Wilcox diagram based on the wells location shows that the water quality in the central areas of the plain, between Miangaran and Bandan lakes, is lower than in other areas. According to Schoeller diagrams, the water quality of all the wells for consumption in the drinking sector is in the good category, and only one well's water is in the good to moderate suitable category. In the water of this well, the level of magnesium element is high, and this is the reason why it is out of the good category.ConclusionConsidering the importance of monitoring the quantity and quality of groundwater resources, especially in arid and semi-arid areas, this research was conducted with the aim of evaluating the quality of groundwater in the northeast of Khuzestan province. According to the Piper diagram, the type of most of the groundwater samples of Izeh plain is bicarbonate, calcium carbonate and magnesium bicarbonate. According to the Stiff diagrams, the groundwater of the studied aquifer is classified into four categories; 1) Feed water from Asmari limestone formation, 2) Contaminated groundwater, 3) Groundwater in contact with Gachsaran formation and 4) Feed water from Ilam-Sarvak limestone formation. The analysis of the Wilcox diagram of the wells based on the wells location shows that the water quality in the central areas of the plain, between Miangaran and Bandan lakes, is lower than in other areas. Therefore, for agriculture in these areas, it is necessary to apply management measures such as the cultivation of salinity-resistant crops, leaching and drainage. According to Schoeller diagrams, the plain groundwater quality is in the good category for drinking purposes. Groundwater sources are sometimes used as drinking water without purification processes, because they are considered safe for human consumption. However, in the drinking sector, which is directly related to people's health, it is necessary to conduct more tests and apply treatment processes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - THE APPLICATION OF DATA ENVELOPMENT ANALYSIS METHODOLOGY TO IMPROVE THE BENCHMARKING PROCESS IN THE EFQM BUSINESS MODEL (CASE STUDY: AUTOMOTIVE INDUSTRY OF IRAN)
K. شاهرودی -
Open Access Article
9 - Assessment of Changes in Groundwater Quality and Quantity of Mianab Shushtar Plain after the Construction of Irrigation and Drainage Network
mehrdad kakolaki Hossein EslamiIrrigation and drainage networks construction are affecting the quality and quantity of groundwater. This study aims to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative changes of Mianab Shushtar plain aquifer after the construction of irrigation and drainage network in 2008. MoreIrrigation and drainage networks construction are affecting the quality and quantity of groundwater. This study aims to evaluate the quantitative and qualitative changes of Mianab Shushtar plain aquifer after the construction of irrigation and drainage network in 2008. First by checking annual hydrograph of the plain, the changes of ground water storage volume during years of before and after the implementation of irrigation and drainage network were evaluated. During 2005-06 to 2008-09 in the third year, 6.4 million cubic meters of underground water reservoir storage volume decreased and from 2008-09 to 2013-14, 9.07 million cubic meters of underground water storage volume has been added. With comparison in the same period, it was found that change in the reservoir is largely influenced by the amount of annual precipitation. Then calculate the groundwater balance, factors affecting the reservoir volume changes were studied. The results showed that 2008-09 and 2009-10 balance was -3.59 and 5.44. Most important factor in changes in groundwater reservoir was the amount of annual rainfall and operation of the network had not a significant impact in increasing the groundwater level. In the following to investigate qualitative changes of underground water sources, the Wilcox diagram for two years before and after the construction of irrigation and drainage network was used. The results showed that due to high groundwater level before the network operation, more sampling points was in class of too salty and unusable for agriculture. Therefore network operation had not significant effect in the quality of groundwater resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Aleshtar Groundwater Quality Assessment for Agricultural Use and Drinking
Arash Hashemkhani Hossein EslamiGround water use has increased due to reduced surface water So for use of these waters, the quality of ground water should be studied in terms of agriculture and drinking use. In this study, the chemical properties of ground water of Aleshtar plain in the north west of MoreGround water use has increased due to reduced surface water So for use of these waters, the quality of ground water should be studied in terms of agriculture and drinking use. In this study, the chemical properties of ground water of Aleshtar plain in the north west of Lorestan province according to the suitability of water for drinking and agriculture is verified. 36 ground water samples were taken and the sodium adsorption ratio, electrical conductivity, TDS, pH, calcium, magnesium, bicarbonate, chloride, sodium, potassium, cation, anion and sulfate was chemically analyzed. Analyzed samples were compared with Schoeller and Wilcox diagrams and observed that most of the samples are suitable for drinking and agriculture. According to Schoeller graph, groundwater quality status of Aleshtar plain is in good condition and is perfectly suitable for drinking use. Also results showed that all samples were classified as C2S1 and slightly salty - suitable for agriculture. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Evaluation of Drinking and Agricultural Water Quality in the North of Qazvin Plain's Springs
B. Talebi N. Sajjadi T. SharmadGroundwater is the most important source for various uses, including drinking and farming requirements. In Qazvin plain region the existence of these resources such as springs are very important for livelihood and consumption of the region’s population. In this st MoreGroundwater is the most important source for various uses, including drinking and farming requirements. In Qazvin plain region the existence of these resources such as springs are very important for livelihood and consumption of the region’s population. In this study, fifteen springs were sampled in 2013. The aim of this study was to evaluate water quality of springs in the north region of Qazvin plain for drinking and agricultural purposes. For this purpose, for classification of water quality for drinking water, the Water Quality Index (WQI) method and for agricultural water usages, Wilcox classification, sodium percentage and RSC was used. The results indicated that among springs evaluated, based on the WQI method, about 93 percent of them were categorized in good and excellent range and about 7 percent in poor range. Based on Wilcox classification, about 80 percent of samples were categorized in the range of low salt level suitable for agriculture (C2S1), and 20 percent were categorized as salty and should only be used when necessary(C3S1). The classification based on the percentage of sodium, showed that about 80 percent of the samples examined were in excellent, good and acceptable conditions and 20 percent were in uncertain status. Similarly, according to RSC rankings, about 93 percent had acceptable quality, and 7 percent had poor quality. In general, according to the results of classification of this study area, springs were suitable and favorable for drinking and farming purposes and a few need further monitoring and investigation. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Groundwater quality Zoning Based on Wilcox Index Using Geographic Information System in Jajarm district, north Khorasan, Iran.
Jalal valiallahi
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