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      • Open Access Article

        1 - The study of cadmium uptake and accumulation in Acacia victoriae three months old seedlings
        khadijeh khermandar ali mahdavi
        As a result of human activities, metal pollution has become one of the most important challenges in soil and water conservation area today. Phytoremediation utilizes plants to uptake contaminants and can potentially be used to remediate metal contaminated soils and wate More
        As a result of human activities, metal pollution has become one of the most important challenges in soil and water conservation area today. Phytoremediation utilizes plants to uptake contaminants and can potentially be used to remediate metal contaminated soils and waters. This study was carried out with the aim of assessing the ability of Acacia victoriae three months old seedlings in the accumulation of cadmium in their parts (stem and root), transfer it from the roots to the stems and to understand the effect of Cd accumulation on some morphology attributes of  the plant. For this purpose, 12 seedlings of A.victoriae three months old seedlings were exposed to Cd in 4 different concentrations: 0, 10, 50 and 100 (mg/l) for period 45 days in completely randomized design with 3 replicates per treatment were considered. The results showed significantly reduction of  height, biomass and resistance were observed, compared to the control plants and also symptoms of toxicity in the leafs which become thin, yellow and with brwon spots in high concentrations of Cd were notably. Also Cd accumulation in roots and aerial parts increasing trend with increasing Cd supply up to 100 (mg/l) and root tissue concentration regards to Cd concentration was higher than stem tissues concentration at all treatments. Cdwere accumulated in the roots, stems and leafs of seedlings, more than 72% (19433.33 mg/kg), under 17% (4630 mg/kg) and under 11% (2853.33 mg/kg) exposed to 100 (mg/l), respectively. Bioconcentration Coefficient root and stem, Translocation Factors, Enrich Coefficient and Uptake Index were determined 184.9, 71.20, 0.39, 0.014, 7697.73 mg/kg in high concentrations of Cd, respectively. Indeed, the results confirmed that A.victoriae had the ability to accumulate Cd in the roots so that prevented Cd toxicity symptom. Generally, this desert plant can be used in the process of remediation of Cd soil polluted by way of phytostabilization.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        2 - The Effect of irrigation management on the available lead(Pb) in soil and accumulation in shoot of rice
        امیر رحمانی سامانی Mahdi Ghobadinia عبدالرزاق دانش شهرکی سیدحسن طباطبایی محمدحسن صالحی
        Lead (Pb) is an environmental pollutants and cause of serious effects on human health due to the properties of accumulation, toxic and long-lasting. In this study, different water level management, including flood irrigation, control water level in 20 and 36 cm below th More
        Lead (Pb) is an environmental pollutants and cause of serious effects on human health due to the properties of accumulation, toxic and long-lasting. In this study, different water level management, including flood irrigation, control water level in 20 and 36 cm below the soil surface and intermittent irrigation in rice cultivation were studied on amount of available Pb in a soil and accumulation in shoot of rice plants. The experiment was performed under the completely randomized design and with three replications at Shahrekord University. The results showed that the effect of irrigation management on the amount of available Pb in soil and accumulation in shoot was significant (p<0.01). Moisture content in the root zone, have greater effect on uptake and translocation of this element in soil and plant parts. Use intermittent irrigation management (including flood irrigation and so stop, until decrease water table used by plant to 4cm under soil surface), water  table control in 20cm under soil surface (50% irrigation) and water  table control in 36cm under soil surface (10% irrigation) compared to flood irrigation, led to decrease 8.78%, 21.53% and 40.09% in the available Pb in soil respectively, and decrease 26.71%, 35.82% and 52.01% in the Pb uptake in the stems and leaves and 15.80%, 44.19% and 49.28% decrease in the Pb uptake in the seed respectively. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        3 - Contamination Evaluation, Health and Ecological risk index assessment of Potential Toxic Elements in the surface soils Case Study: Central Part of Bandar Abbas County
        Tahereh Moghtaderi SHAHLA MAHMOUDI ata shakeri mohamadhassan masihabadi
        Soils from the industrial areas in the south of Bandar Abbas County are susceptible to contamination by the export terminal, metal and non-metallic industries. In this research, the concentrations of selected potentially toxic elements in order to determine the contamin More
        Soils from the industrial areas in the south of Bandar Abbas County are susceptible to contamination by the export terminal, metal and non-metallic industries. In this research, the concentrations of selected potentially toxic elements in order to determine the contamination level, source and assessment of ecological risk index, also health risk assessment to determine the quantity of potential carcinogenic and non-carcinogenic risks of the elements in the soil of this area was investigated So that a total of 66 soil samples were collected. The Enrichment Factor (EF) and Ecological Risk Index were calculated to measure the contamination level. Principle component analysis (PCA) was used to determine the sources of heavy metals pollution, and also the health risk assessment was used in three ways: ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact. Results indicated that the average of EF for studied elements decreased in the order of Cu, Cd, Pb, Zn, As, Ni and Cr. The mean value of the ecological risk of Cu and Cd indicates medium and high ecological risk, respectively. The Hazard index for all selected elements through ingestion, inhalation and dermal contact in children is higher than that of adults. The results of EF and PCA indicate that the As, Cd, Cu, Pb and Zn have been affected by anthropogenic sources. As, Cr and Cd were regarded as the priority pollutants and Cancer risks in soils were within tolerable risk to human health. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        4 - Evaluation and determination of amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) in top soils of Masjed Soleyman Oil and Gas factories (Case study: Haft Shahidan Dissalination and Operating Factory)
        atousa ahmadi Azamasadat Hosseini Alhashemi
        10.22034/jest.2018.9171
        Abstract Background and Objective: Contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is one of the most common cases in oil-rich province of Khuzestan. The main purpose of this study was to determine the amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil of Haft Shahid More
        Abstract Background and Objective: Contamination by polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons is one of the most common cases in oil-rich province of Khuzestan. The main purpose of this study was to determine the amount of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in soil of Haft Shahidan Dissalination and Operating Factory which is Located in Masjed Soleyman.The soil were sampled from seven stations in two seasons of winter and spring in 2015. Method: The soil samples were homogenized after they are collected and transported to the laboratory. After extraction, 16 compositions were measured by means of GC-MS. Furthermore, the amounts of pH, EC, organic matter and aggregation available in soils were measured. Findings: The results showed the mean PAHs in soil collected from stations 1 to 7 were respectively 265081, 55.78, 31.04, 46.33, 62.61, 33.70, and ND mg/kg dried-form weight in winter and 310.82, 63.69, 38.12, 55.36, 77.14, 44.62, and ND mg/kg dried-form weight in spring.There was a negative correlation among the amount of PAHs available in soils, the amounts of EC parameters and pH deposits in 0.01 and a positive correlation with organic matter. Discussion and Counclusion: The results collected from the ratio of the molecular showed that all the stations contain a mixture of Payerolitic and Pethrogenic hydrocarbons. The results show that stations 1,2,5,and 6 have high level of PAHs concentration, which is due to close distance of these stations to the oil tanks and facilities as well as oil leakage. According to the results obtained from all stations, the levels of compounds such as benzo(b)fluorantene, benzo(k)fluorantene, Dibenzo(ah)antheracene and Phenanthrene were found to be higher than the standard of Canada. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        5 - Ability of Alfalfa Plant to Refine Soil Contaminated with Nickel and Lead
        samad zahermand mahmod vafaeian Mohammed Hussain Bazyar
        10.30495/jest.2019.31761.4031
        Background and Objective: In the recent decade, the issue of soil contamination with heavy metals such as nickel and lead is one of the most important environmental problems. According to data from the environmental protection agency, nickel is hazardous at large amount More
        Background and Objective: In the recent decade, the issue of soil contamination with heavy metals such as nickel and lead is one of the most important environmental problems. According to data from the environmental protection agency, nickel is hazardous at large amounts and a dangerous pollutant and lead is the most important pollutant in the environment. This study was conducted to investigate the soil pollution status of Gachsaran refinery using environmental indicators of pollution coefficient, pollution degree index and modified pollution degree index and to investigate the potential of alfalfa refining plant which is native to Gachsaran region.Material and Methodology: From the soil of Gachsaran refinery in 2017 as the center of pollution, were selected four ranges of 0-500 meters, 1000-500 meters, 1500-1000 meters and 2000-1500 meters. In each range, 5 soil samples were taken from a depth of 0 to 30 cm. The ICP-OES device was used to determine heavy metals. Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS software.Findings: The analysis of the environmental indicators of the studied area showed a significant degree of contamination for nickel and a high contamination rate for lead. Comparison of mean concentrations of nickel and lead in cultivated soil samples with alfalfa cultivars showed significant difference with mean nickel and lead concentrations in the studied area.Discussion and Conclusions: In general, Alfalfa as a native plant of the region in inappropriate pollution conditions can absorb and extraction nickel and lead from the soil. The final results of this study indicate that ability of alfalfa plant for phytoremediation of nickel in the soil contaminated with petroleum products is higher than that of lead in the Gachsaran refinery. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        6 - An Investigation on the Possibility of Heavy Metal (Pb and Ni) Phytoremediation from Plant Artemisia Sieberi in Mohammadabad Waste Disposal Site in Ghazvin
        sanaz khorami pour roya mafi gholami ali jahani
        10.22034/jest.2020.29728.3824
        Background and Objective: This study was conducted in Mohammadabad waste disposal site in Ghazvin in order to determine the concentration of Ni and Pb in Artemisia sieberi and in region’s soil. Method: Three plots were selected. Ten random samples from root and s More
        Background and Objective: This study was conducted in Mohammadabad waste disposal site in Ghazvin in order to determine the concentration of Ni and Pb in Artemisia sieberi and in region’s soil. Method: Three plots were selected. Ten random samples from root and shoot of the plant and also from the soil were collected. Two-way and one-way ANOVA were used to assess the differences of metal concentrations in roots and shoots of the plants, and in the soil of the plots, respectively. Duncan Test was applied to compare the average concentrations of metals in different plots. Findings: The results revealed that the soil of the different plots does not have a significant difference in Ni and Pb concentrations. No significant difference was observed between the metal concentrations in roots and shoots of the plants. The mean concentration of lead in the A.sieberi aerial and root organs was 2.35 mgkg-1 and 3.19 mgkg-1, respectively, and for the nickel metal 3.14 mgkg-1 and 2.99 mgkg-1 respectively. Discussion and conclusion: Bio concentration and transmission factors for Ni and Pb (TF=0.78; 0.81 and BCF=1.10; 0.33, respectively) suggested that A.sieberi is an appropriate plant to remove Pb from soil. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        7 - The Effect of Herbicides and Insecticides on Some of Soil Eco-physiological and Chemical Indices
        Akbar Ghavidel Fatemeh Molavi Manijeh Eyvazi
        10.30495/jest.2018.25252.3422
        Background and Objective: In order to study the effect of pesticides on soil biological quality, three herbicides and insecticides with the highest consumption rates, on soil eco-physiological and chemical indices were investigated.Method: The experiment was carried out More
        Background and Objective: In order to study the effect of pesticides on soil biological quality, three herbicides and insecticides with the highest consumption rates, on soil eco-physiological and chemical indices were investigated.Method: The experiment was carried out as factorial in a completely randomized design with seven treatments of which were triplicated. The pesticides were applied as constructed by the manufacturer and then the pots maintained in a greenhouse condition for two months. Then, some of the soil eco-physiological and chemical indices were measured after one month and also after two months.Findings: The results showed that in comparison with the application of the pesticides caused a significant decrease in soil bacterial and fungal population, basal respiration, substrate-induced respiration, microbial biomass carbon, microbial biomass nitrogen, and microbial quotient and a significant increase in soil metabolic quotient. The results also showed that the application of the pesticides has no significant effect on soil organic carbon. The results showed that, although soil eco-physiological indices decreased after one month, the indices increased after two months reaching the level that was before application of the pesticides. The results also showed that 2, 4-D had the highest and Chloropyrifos had the lowest adverse effects on the indices.Discussion and Conclusion: It could be concluded that application of the pesticides which are used in this work decreased soil biological quality short terms.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        8 - Investigating the concentration of heavy metals (lead, chromium, zinc, nickel) in the municipal solid waste landfill of Sarayan using pollution indices
        mahdi kargar Ghasem Zolfaghari
        Background and Objective: Ways to produced urban wastes is concern in most urban areas of Iran. Increasing population density, industrialization and the amount of waste produced are of great importance. The introduction of heavy metals through urban wastewater into natu More
        Background and Objective: Ways to produced urban wastes is concern in most urban areas of Iran. Increasing population density, industrialization and the amount of waste produced are of great importance. The introduction of heavy metals through urban wastewater into natural ecosystems, especially soils, is one of the most important environmental concerns. The purpose of this study is to investigate the concentration of some heavy metals (lead, chromium, zinc, nickel) in the soil of landfill site of Sarayan. Material and Methodology: For this purpose, 20 soil samples were collected from urban landfills and analyzed in a laboratory using Contraa 700 atomic absorption spectrophotometer and then analyzed by statistical techniques and Excel and IBM SPSS statistical software version 25. Finding: To determine the contamination of the studied area, contamination factors (CF) and land accumulation (Igeo) were used and the results showed that the highest amount of contamination was related to surface-level chromium and the lowest was related to surface water and the amount of earthquake index Igeo) was found for chromium metal between 1 and 3. Discussion and Conclusion: According to the study, the chromium metal in the slightly infected and highly infected classes and other samples collected in non-infected classes of metals were slightly contaminated. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        9 - Spatial distribution and pollution assessment of Cr, Ni and Co in Joghatay ophiolitic region soils (NW Sabzevar), by statistical analysis and sequential extraction
        Hojatallah Joghatayi rahim dabiri Mohamad Elyas Moslempour
        10.30495/jest.2021.9133
        Background and Objective: Joghatay plain is located in Sabezvar Ophiolitic Zone and next to the chromite mine. In this research, the soil pollution by heavy metals have been investigated with respect to geochemical, statistical and environmental indicators in Joghatay p More
        Background and Objective: Joghatay plain is located in Sabezvar Ophiolitic Zone and next to the chromite mine. In this research, the soil pollution by heavy metals have been investigated with respect to geochemical, statistical and environmental indicators in Joghatay plain.Material and Methodology: Samples were collected seasonally from soil in Joghatay plain within May 2014, and the concentration of heavy metals were measured using ICP-MS method. To the geochemical phases of metals in soil were determined using BCR sequential extraction method.Finding: The result of the analysis of heavy metals in soil samples has shown high concentrations of some elements such as Chromium, Nickel and Cobalt in the southern part of the region. Assessment and correlation of heavy metals in Joghatay region soils by multivariate statistical methods (Pearson correlation, cluster analysis and principal component analysis) show a strong positive correlation between Cobalt, Nickel, Chromium, Iron, Manganese and Magnesium due to the same source  (ophiolitic unit area).Discussion and Conclusion: The pollution index (geoaccumulation index, enrichment factor, contamination factor and modified contamination degree) indicates that soil has strongly polluted with regard to Chromium and Nickel and moderately polluted to Cobalt. Sequential extraction method has indicated that more than 50% of Nickel and Chromium concentration in intercahnageable phase. On the other hand ophiolitic rocks and Chromit mining leads releasing of these elements in the area. Though, as far as it gets away from ophiolitic rocks these elements concentration will be decreased. Also element speciation in different phases reveals that the rest elements have concentrated in residual phases and have a lithogenic source. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        10 - Leaching Assessment of PAHs from Oil Contaminated Sites
        Akbar Baghvand Ali Daryabeigi Zand Ali Vosoogh
        Introduction: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are in amongst of the most important environmentalpollutants. Their leaching from soil into groundwater is one of the most important environmentalconcerns. Considering the high volume of activities in oil industry, many sit More
        Introduction: Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons are in amongst of the most important environmentalpollutants. Their leaching from soil into groundwater is one of the most important environmentalconcerns. Considering the high volume of activities in oil industry, many sites have beencontaminated with oil compounds in Iran. Since soil remediation costs are very high, making adecision about remediation or not remediation of the oil polluted soils needs a careful assessment.Material & Methods: Column leaching test was applied in the current research as a modern andeffective tool to predict leaching of PAHs from soil. In order to do this procedure, the contaminatedsoil from south of Tehran city (near the oil refractory) were prepared. Then, dried in the air and sievedfrom 2 mm. The material of soil was silt and clay; also had a 1.81 percent organic carbon. The testswere done in glass column with 600 cm3 capacity (6 cm diameter, 21 cm high).Results & Discussion: Results showed that only a small part of available PAHs in solid phase (soil)leached into water and high concentration of PAHs in the solid phase dose not necessary imply seriousgroundwater contamination risk and significant amount of PAHs may stay in the soil for a long time. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        11 - Nickel Concentration in Soil and Some natural Plant Species around Ahangaran Lead and Zinc Mine in Hamedan
        Farrokh Legha Amini Nourolah Mirghaffari Behrooz Eshghi Malayeri
        Heavy metals are considered as dangerous environmental pollutants that by entering the food chain causes serious health threats for humankind, plants, as well as other animals. In heavy metals contaminated soils, some plants species can grow and uptake a large amount of More
        Heavy metals are considered as dangerous environmental pollutants that by entering the food chain causes serious health threats for humankind, plants, as well as other animals. In heavy metals contaminated soils, some plants species can grow and uptake a large amount of metals. These plants are used for decontamination of polluted soils by phyto remediation. In this research concentration of nickel in the soil samples, as well as in six plant species, namely Centaurea virgata lam., Euphorbia cheiradenia, Scariorbia orientalis , Cardaria droba, Gundelia tourmefotii and Euphorbia macrochada , around Ahangaran Lead mine in southeast of Malayer, was analyzed. The statistical analysis of data was done in a randomized incomplete block design. The maximum and minimum concentration of nickel in the shoots was observed in Euphorbia macroclada with a mean of 23mg/kg and Centaurea virgata lam. 6.7 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. The concentration of nickel in the shoots of plants was shown to negatively correlated with soil pH(r=-0.33), cat ion exchange capacity(r= -0.83), organic material (r= -0.46) while being in positive correlation with salinity (r= 0.37), total (r= 0.203) and available nickel concentrations (r=0.7) in soil Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        12 - Survey of Heavy Metals Pollution in Surface Soils Around The Industrial Town of Ahvaz 2
        Mosen Pournia Mir Hassan Moosavi Zeinab Jassemi
        Introduction: The objective of this study was to assess the extent and severity of heavy metal contamination in surface soils in the surrounding of the industrial town of Ahvaz 2. Material & method: Sixteen topsoil samples were collected at 0-5 cm depth and were ana More
        Introduction: The objective of this study was to assess the extent and severity of heavy metal contamination in surface soils in the surrounding of the industrial town of Ahvaz 2. Material & method: Sixteen topsoil samples were collected at 0-5 cm depth and were analyzed by ICP-OES for Co. Cr, Cu, Ni, Pb and Zn. One sample was also investigated for mineralogy using X-ray. Result & discussion: The abundance of heavy metals measured in these topsoil decreases as follows: Cr>Ni>Zn>Pb>Cu>Co. The minerals in the analyzed sample are composed of quartz, calcite, and halite as major minerals with dolomite and alunite as minor minerals. Results indicate that concentration of heavy metal in surface soil is due to fine grain texture of soil, clay content, alkaline pH, CaCO3 content, Na+ and aluminum oxide content. According to geochemical criteria such as enrichment factor (EF), index of geo-accumulation (Igeo) and pollution index (PI), the soils of the study area are considered to be moderately contaminated with respect to Cr, Ni and Pb, and uncontaminated with respect to Co, Cu and Zn. The calculated results of EF, Igeo and PI of heavy metals are as the following: Ni>Pb>Cr>Zn>Cu>Co. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        13 - Evaluation of source and biological accessibility of heavy metals in the soil of Tehran northwestern elevations
        Abdolreza Karbasi Gholamreza Nabii Bidhendi Faramarz Moattar Zohreh Barzegari
        Soil can retain the environmental pollution, so by chemically analyzing it, we can learn about the pollution of a region. In the present study, samples of Tehran northwest soil are used. In total, 16 soil samples are collected and the mean concentration of Pb, Zn, Ni, a More
        Soil can retain the environmental pollution, so by chemically analyzing it, we can learn about the pollution of a region. In the present study, samples of Tehran northwest soil are used. In total, 16 soil samples are collected and the mean concentration of Pb, Zn, Ni, and V are computed to be 173ppm, 101 ppm, 62 ppm, and 44 ppm, respectively. The results show a higher concentration of Pb than those of other elements. Moreover, the mean Pb concentration in the present study is 1,200% higher than that of the earth’s crust, which is because of air pollution. The elements (Pb, Zn, Ni, V, & Fe) were also studied in terms of biological accessibility and the related figures were obtained in the following order: Pb(929ppm)>Zn(27ppm) > Fe(7ppm) > Ni(5ppm) > V(0ppm) Furthermore, the cluster analysis revealed that Pb had an organic basis and that there was a high positive relationship between Ni and V. Since V is known as an oil pollution indicator, it can be concluded that Ni is scattered in the soil of the region due to fuel consumption.   Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        14 - Effects of Distance from Pollutant Sources on Heavy Metal Concentrations around Neka cement Factory Soil
        Somayeh Darivasi Keivan Saeb Maryam Mollashahi
        Introduction: Air pollution is one of anthropogenic aspect in 20th century especially cement factories have important role on air pollution. Pollutant material cement factories contain carbon bearing components, heavy metals, sulfur oxide, N oxide. Material and methods: More
        Introduction: Air pollution is one of anthropogenic aspect in 20th century especially cement factories have important role on air pollution. Pollutant material cement factories contain carbon bearing components, heavy metals, sulfur oxide, N oxide. Material and methods: This research aimed to investigate the heavy metal concentrations (Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni (in soil samples of Neka cement dust deposition. The sampling was done on October of 2012. For this aim, 4 sample points were chosen with 100, 400, 800 intervals of cement factory. The protected area from the pollutant material was selected as control point. To ensure of samples sufficiency in each sample point, 4 soil samples were collected. .Then samples were dried and measured for heavy metals concentrations using digestive method with ICP. Results and discussion: Our results showed that there is a high level of heavy metal concentrations at 10 meters interval from factory and heavy metal concentrations decrease parallel to distance increase. Also in more cases, measuring of heavy metals concentration, is more than the world standard and this indicates the big polluting role of Neka cement factory. Between the studied elements, Co, Cr, Cu, Cd, Mn, Ni and Zn have most different rate compared with world standard.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        15 - Impact of Irrigation by Municipal Sewage on Accumulation of Heavy Metals in Soil
        Masoud Tabari Azade Salehi
        Impact of irrigation with municipal sewage on accumulation of soil by heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Cr, Pb and Cd) was investigated in two artificial stands Eldar pine (Pinus eldarica Meadow.), 1) irrigated by municipal sewage and 2) irrigated by well water in the suburban area More
        Impact of irrigation with municipal sewage on accumulation of soil by heavy metals (Fe, Mn, Cr, Pb and Cd) was investigated in two artificial stands Eldar pine (Pinus eldarica Meadow.), 1) irrigated by municipal sewage and 2) irrigated by well water in the suburban areas of Tehran. In each stand, soil profiles were dug and soil samples taken from depths of 0-15, 15-30 and 30-60 centimeter. Municipal sewage and well water were sampled daily (3 days in each month) from early June to late November. Results indicated that municipal sewage had significantly (P < 0.01) higher amounts of Fe, Mn, Cr and Pb compared to well water. Level of these heavy metals in municipal sewage was upon the internationally recommended (WHO) maximum permissible limits set for land use. Application of municipal sewage resulted in a 1.5-fold increase in the concentrations of soil Fe, Mn, Cr and Pb. These heavy metals showed their greatest values in the upper layer of soil (0-15 cm). The concentration of soil heavy metals, with the exception of Pb, was below the critical limits. Cd was not detected in water and soil samples. With regard to high concentration of heavy metals in sewage, it was concluded that the long-term use of municipal sewage in irrigation might enriched soil with heavy metals to concentrations that may pose potential environmental and health risks. Hence regulations about the utilization of sewage in irrigation should consider in order to: 1-Control the content of heavy metals that may be added to soil and 2- Minimize the risk of negative effects to ecosystem health. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        16 - The effect of air pollution on the concentration of heavy metals in the soil of Mellat Park
        Abdolreza Karbassi Faramarz Moatar Masood Monavari Saiedeh Sadat Mosayebi
        Soil can register environmental pollution in itself, so the pollution of an area can be studied through the chemical analysis of its soil. In the present study, the soil ofMellatParkinTehranwas sampled. In total, 15 soil samples were collected. Using laboratory methods, More
        Soil can register environmental pollution in itself, so the pollution of an area can be studied through the chemical analysis of its soil. In the present study, the soil ofMellatParkinTehranwas sampled. In total, 15 soil samples were collected. Using laboratory methods, the mean concentration of Pb, Zn, and Ni were obtained to be 145, 33, and 62 mg/kg, respectively. The results show that the concentration of Pb is much higher than the other elements in the area. When compared with its concentration in the crust of earth, the concentration of Pb inMellatParkproved to be higher; a finding which is due to the air pollution of the area. In the rest of the study, the biological accessibility of the elements (Pb, Zn, Ni) was determined. The amount of biological accessibility of various heavy metals in the soil of the studied area is as follows: Pb (55mg/kg) > Ni (37mg/kg) > Zn (16mg/kg) Based on cluster analysis, lead cannot have an organic origin because a low similarity quotient was established between organic elements and this metal.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        17 - Evaluation of environmental instability indicators with emphasis on water, soil and noise pollutions using Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) in Ahvaz metropolis
        MohammadAli Firoozi Mostafa Mohammadi Deh Cheshmeh Jafar Saeedi
        10.22034/jest.2017.11070
        Background and Objective: Cities are considered as the main factor causing instability in the world. In fact, according to the inherent complexity of cities in terms of environmental issues, identification of the main factors in achieving sustainability is necessary. Th More
        Background and Objective: Cities are considered as the main factor causing instability in the world. In fact, according to the inherent complexity of cities in terms of environmental issues, identification of the main factors in achieving sustainability is necessary. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the indicators of environmental instability in Ahvaz metropolis with a focus on indicators of water, soil and noise pollutions. Method: This study is a descriptive-analytical one using an applied method. In this context, after explaining the concept of urban sustainability and urban instability and identifying relevant criteria, according to the study, the conversion of criteria to quantitative indicators was done and the index and sub-index in AHP model were prioritized. To perform spatial analysis of the data, GIS software was used and the most important explanatory factors to assess the environmental indicators of instability in Ahvaz, with emphasis on the index of water, soil and noise pollutions were studied. Findings: Findings showed that considering the water pollution index, five area with the impact of 0.327 had the the highest weight value among the urban areas while six areas with the impact of 0.033 had the lowest value than other areas with water pollution in Karun river. In terms of soil pollution, four areas with effect coefficient of 0.331 had the the highest rate of soil pollution, and eight regions with effect coefficient of 0.024 had the least pollution. In terms of noise pollution, the region with effect coefficient of 0.336 had the highest weight value among other regions, while eight regions with effect coefficient of 0.02 had the least pollution.    Discussion and Conclusion: Results showed that Ahvaz is in unstable environmental conditions and its current environmental condition is significantly far away from sustainability criteria. With this interpretations of situation, awareness about ecological sustainability of urban areas and understanding of the situation could play an important role in improving the planning and optimal allocation of resources to improve people's welfare Urban sustainability, Environmental instability, Water pollution, Soil pollution, Noise pollution, Ahvaz Metropolis Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        18 - Distribution of Copper Concentration in Soil affected by Meyduk Mining Activities (Shahr-Babak)
        Sadegh Ghaznfari Javad Oraee
        10.22034/jest.2019.13955
          Background and Objective: Increasing industrial activities associated with the production of pollutants, including heavy metals, is one of the main causes of water and soil pollution. Mineral activities are one of the human activities that cause pollution of the More
          Background and Objective: Increasing industrial activities associated with the production of pollutants, including heavy metals, is one of the main causes of water and soil pollution. Mineral activities are one of the human activities that cause pollution of the natural resources such as soil. Method: In this study, the zoning concentration of copper as soil contamination around Meyduk copper mine was investigated. The direction samples were taken according to the situation of surrounding villages. Systematic sampling of 360 samples had been collected through the directions. Measuring the concentration of sample was done using atomic absorption method in the laboratory. To indicate the degree of soil pollution with heavy metals, Muller’s geoaccumulation index was used. Finally, in order to estimate the normal concentration of Cu and pollution of soil, Kriging method was used. Results: Results showed that the maximum amount of Cu concentration is 697.5 mg/kg and the minimum is 6.35 mg/kg. The Cu concentration trend in direction D was more than direction M due to the direction of local dominant wind. Discussion and Conclusion: By receding from location of mine, the overall trend of Cu concentration decreased. This indicated the role of mine activities on soil pollution. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        19 - Comparison of Spatial Interpolation Methods to Mapp Heavy Metals Concentrations in Surface Soil of Aran-O-Bidgol City
        Younes seifi Rouhollah Mirzaei
        10.22034/jest.2017.10341
        Background and Objective: Selecting a suitable interpolation method is a main factor of surface analysis and it is a difficult task in geostatistical analysis since different methods of interpolation can result in different surfaces and ultimately different results. Hen More
        Background and Objective: Selecting a suitable interpolation method is a main factor of surface analysis and it is a difficult task in geostatistical analysis since different methods of interpolation can result in different surfaces and ultimately different results. Hence, the aim of this study is to evaluate the performance of different interpolation methods in determining the spatial concentration of Cd, Zn and Cu in the Surface soil of Aran-O-Bidgol City. Method: A total of 135 surface soil (0-20 cm) samples were collected in the study area and the soil heavy metals concentrations were determined. The spatial distribution of heavy metals concentration in Surface Soil of Aran-O-Bidgol was evaluated using different interpolation methods including ordinary Kriging, CoKriging, Inverse Distance Weighting, Local Polynomials and Radial Basis Function. Cross validation and MSE, MBE, RMSE, NSE, PBIAS were applied to estimate their accuracy. Findings: According to the results Ordinary Kriging (spherical model) had the best efficiency for estimating Cd and Cu concentrations and Ordinary Kriging (exponential model) had the best efficiency for estimating distribution pattern of Zn concentration in the soil of this region. The weight parameter has a significant influence on the accuracy of interpolation. The higher the order of local polynomial, the larger the accuracy of cross validation, whereas, the greater the weighting power of IDW for Cd and Zn, the greater error and larger accuracy of the interpolation will be for Cu. Discussion and Conclusion: Although all of the considered interpolation methods had a high prediction accuracy of the mean content for soil heavy metals, but taking all cross validation indicators into consideration, Ordinary Kriging (OK) method shows a generally better performance than other methods.  Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        20 - Assessment of Cadmium spatial distribution in surface soil in the vicinity of Shiraz refinery by geostatistical method
        Alireza Nowrouzi Mohammad Hussein Ravanbakhsh
        10.22034/jest.2017.11269
        Background and Objective: All forms of life on Earth are related to soil. Soil is the final environmental destination for material degradation. Considering the importance of soil contamination, evaluation of soil contamination by various industries seems to be necessary More
        Background and Objective: All forms of life on Earth are related to soil. Soil is the final environmental destination for material degradation. Considering the importance of soil contamination, evaluation of soil contamination by various industries seems to be necessary. Characteristics of spatial distribution of pollutants in contaminated soils are important factors to identify and eliminate pollution. Heavy metals are the most important environmental pollutants. This study was conducted to assess the environmental impact of Shiraz refinery. Method: 40 composite soil samples were taken from a depth of 0-5 cm. Calcium carbonate percentage, electrical conductivity, pH and total and available Cd concentrations were measured. The data were analyzed and the spatial distribution maps were plotted using GS + and ILWIS software. Findings: In the study area, soile pH was in the range of neutral to alkaline and contained a high percentage of calcium carbonate and moderate salinity. The average concentrations of available and total cadmium are much higher than the standard limit and the highest concentration is observed in an area close to the refinery. Conclusion: In general, it can be stated that refinery activity in the region, has led to increase of Cd concentration in the surface soil. This increase was in the range to cause Cd concentration to exceede the standard limit. Manuscript profile
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        21 - Zoning the concentration of chromium and nickel contaminants in the industrial lands with emphasis on wastewater treatment process (Case study: Safa Dashte industrial city of Karaj)
        Farideh Hamraz Azita Behbahaninia
        Background and Objective: As a result of the development of industries and the entry of waste water from industrial factories into the environment, the ecosystem around the factories and surface and underground waters are in danger of pollution.  In this research, More
        Background and Objective: As a result of the development of industries and the entry of waste water from industrial factories into the environment, the ecosystem around the factories and surface and underground waters are in danger of pollution.  In this research, the effect of released wastewater plating industry in Safadasht Industrial Park of Karaj on the concentration of heavy metals in the area was studied in spring and summer. Material and Methodology: Sampling was carried out at a distance of 70, 120, 220, 320 and 430 meters from the industrial complex around the discharge path. The method of digestion and atomic absorption of flame was used to measure chromium and nickel content in samples. Findings: The average results of soil samples were 1.15 to 2.12 for chromium and 1.07 to 1.73 for nickel in spring and 1.39 to 3.46 for chromium and 1.83 to 3.13 for μg / g for nickel in summer. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of the comparison of the levels of chromium and nickel in the soil in spring and summer, according to global standards, show that at all stations in both seasons the amount of chromium and nickel is lower than global standards. The zoning results show that the concentration of the elements in the samples increased with increasing distance from the wastewater to the environment at a distance of 430 meters. The reason for this can be the release of wastewater and its washed off by runoff during seasons from the industrial complex around the distances. Manuscript profile
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        22 -       Reducing environmental pollution by converting organic wastes to hydrochar and it’s using in the soil
        Yaser Azimzadeh Nosratollah Najafi
        Environmental pollution with various organic and inorganic contaminants, pathogens, poisons, and pesticides and global warming are the most important environmental issues for the mankind. Converting of biomasses into hydrochar is a novel technology that has attract More
        Environmental pollution with various organic and inorganic contaminants, pathogens, poisons, and pesticides and global warming are the most important environmental issues for the mankind. Converting of biomasses into hydrochar is a novel technology that has attracted great attention of researchers in recent decade due to its potential in reducing environmental pollution. Hydrochar is a persistent porous carbon, derived from hydrothermal carbonization (HTC) of biomass at 160-250 oC and 15-25 bar. The products of the HTC process are three sterile phases including of solid (hydrochar), liquid (process solution), and gaseous. Adding hydrochar to soils has been described as a means of sequestering atmospheric carbon dioxide, and also mitigating greenhouse gasses such as nitrogen oxide and methane emissions. Hydrochar increases water retention capacity of soil and soil infiltration by improving soil physical properties and reduces nutrient leaching and losing by nutrients retention in soil and reducing soil erosion. In addition, hydrochar has a great surface area and functional groups and can be used as an adsorbent of various pollutants specially heavy metals from water, waste water, and sewage sludge. Nonetheless, there are very few studies on the characterization and environmental aspects of this valuable material and its production technology. Unfortunately, there is no investigation on this field in Iran. Manuscript profile
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        23 - Resources and Chemical Structure of Heavy Metals in Soil and Its Effect on Human Health and the Environment
        Hamid Abbasitabar Eisa Solgi Kamran Shayesteh Samar Mortazavi
        Background and Purpose: Soil is one of the most important components of the ecosystem, which is a suitable environment for storing nutrients and performing biological and chemical processes, and as a natural filter by storing and transporting pollutants, reduces their h More
        Background and Purpose: Soil is one of the most important components of the ecosystem, which is a suitable environment for storing nutrients and performing biological and chemical processes, and as a natural filter by storing and transporting pollutants, reduces their harmful effects. The aim of this study was to investigate the sources, chemical structure and health and environmental effects of some heavy metals in the soil.Material and Methodology: The research method was theoretically and using library resources. First, the sources and then the structure and health and environmental effects of heavy metals in the soil were studied.Results: Results show that heavy metals, unlike organic pollutants, are immutable and non-biodegradable and have physiological effects on living organisms and thus are important in low concentrations. Heavy metals are formed naturally in the soil by pedogenic processes. Human factors such as the development of industrial areas, mining waste, use of chemical fertilizers, animal, pesticides, Sewage sludge and irrigation of agricultural lands with sewage, residues resulting from the burning of coal, petrochemical and atmospheric deposition can increase the concentration of these metals and cause soil contamination with heavy metals.Discussion and Conclusion: Soil plays a very important role in providing food for humans and other organisms, and its contamination by heavy metals can have irreversible effects. Adequate knowledge of the concentration, sources, chemical structure and potential health and environmental hazards of heavy metals is essential to prevent pollution and to select the appropriate method for soil remediation. Creating accessible resources for agricultural production and increasing food security is one of the goals of improving contaminated soils. Manuscript profile
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        24 - Effect of Ethylene Diamine Tetra Acetic Acids on Morphological Characteristics and Phytoremediation Capacity of Indian mustard (brassica juncea L) in Nickel Contaminated Soil
        Mansoureh Tashakori zadeh Mostafa Alizadeh
        Contaminated soil with heavy metal is one of the most important environmental issues in the world. The refining plant is one of the methods of refinement and prevent potential pollution hazards of heavy metals in soil. The purpose of this study, effects of various conce More
        Contaminated soil with heavy metal is one of the most important environmental issues in the world. The refining plant is one of the methods of refinement and prevent potential pollution hazards of heavy metals in soil. The purpose of this study, effects of various concentrations of EDTA on some morphological characteristics and the efficiency of EDTA for Increased Ni from soil and to compare their effects for enhancing of Ni extraction with Indian mustard (brassica juncea L). For this purpose, a greenhouse experiment was conducted in completely randomized design with four replications. Soil samples were mixed with 600 mg/kg of nickel sulfate and the seeds were planted in soil of pot. The experimental factor was including 0, 1, 5, 10 and 12 mmol EDTA that after the seed cultivation have been added to the soil. The results of the research showed that The application of different EDTA concentrations decreased morphological characteristics and increased soluble nickel concentrations in soil and transfer it to the inside of the plant and this changes was significant compared to the control treatment. The increase in soluble nickel concentrations in soil and transfer it to the inside of the plant inhibits the absorption of essential elements to the plants shoot and thus, repelled the growing process. In general, Indian mustard (brassica juncea L) due to high nickel resistance can be introduced as a Ni hyper accumulator to EDTA induced phytoextraction technology.  But according to the preventive effects of these substances on the growth of the plant should be used for low concentrations.   Manuscript profile
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        25 - Feasibility Study on Reducing Lead and Cadmium Absorption in Sweet Basil (Ocimum basilicum L.) With Using Active Carbon
        Solmaz Divani Farzad Paknejad Hossein Ghafourian Mojtaba Alavifazel Mohammad Reza Ardakani
        Manuscript profile
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        26 - Assessing of heavymetals pollution in the agriculture soil ‎south of Bardaskan (Khorasan Razavi province)‎
        mohammad ebrahim fazel valipour
        Considering the development of industry and technology, the accumulation of inviromental contaminants,especially heavy metals in the soil led to increasing concern about food security.The aim of  this study was to investigate the concentration of heavy metals in th More
        Considering the development of industry and technology, the accumulation of inviromental contaminants,especially heavy metals in the soil led to increasing concern about food security.The aim of  this study was to investigate the concentration of heavy metals in the surface soils of agricultural lands south of Bardaskan located in Khorasan Razavi. The soil samples were taken from depth of 10 to 30 cm soil by filed assessment.The dominant soil texture is gravelsandy and PH 7.3 and subalkaline. Mean total concentration of Cd,Cu,Mn and Mo were0.66,251,2176,6.67(ppm).The highest values of Igeo,EF and CF indicators were found for Cu(0.6),Mo(6.26) ,Mo(4.44).Pollution index calculated using the average of total CF was 2.36,indicating the medium contamination class in the area. High concentration of heavy metals Cu,Mo,Mn and Cd in the south of Bardaskan can be a threat to agricultural land in this area. geological structures such as faults, and human activities such as mining, agriculture, and industry can provided the necessary grounds  for soil  contamination with heavy metals and increase the concentration of heavy metals in the agricultural soil of the region. Monitoring the pollutants concentration in the agricultural soils as well as in agriculutral products is essential to conserve natural resources and ensure the food security. Manuscript profile
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        27 - Environmental assessment of soil pollution Forumad with heavy metals using sequential extraction
        Majid Otari RAhim Dabiri Salime Eshaghi Eil Begi Hojat ollah Joghatai
        Extraction of mineral resources and mining can be lead to soil contamination by heavy metals. To determination of the origin of the metals in the sediments in Forumad chromite mine, the sediment samples were taken and analyzed using the sequential extraction method. Ana More
        Extraction of mineral resources and mining can be lead to soil contamination by heavy metals. To determination of the origin of the metals in the sediments in Forumad chromite mine, the sediment samples were taken and analyzed using the sequential extraction method. Analysis of soil samples showed that the concentration of chromium and nickel in sediment is higher than that of global shale. Chromium and nickel in soil distribution map of the region shows that the highest concentration of chromium and nickel in samples from inside the mine tailings deposits of chromite Forumad been harvested according to the average concentration of chromium and nickel in the global shale, the top the amount of chromium in the sediment was attributable to mining activities. Our study shows that Nickel and Chromium with more than 45% concentration are interchangeable phase, which indicating anthropogenic source. Mining activity plays an important role in increasing the concentration of these elements as interchangeable phase. Cd, Pb, Zn and Fe with more than 30% concentration in residual phase, are related to lithogenic source. The results of the sequential extraction method are compatible with the pollution index in the area. Manuscript profile
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        28 - Heavy Metal Concentration Zoning in Soil of the Hiered Gold Exploration Area
        Shahram Baikpour , Mahsa Eskandari Omid Ardabili
        The Hired mining area south of Birjand, South Khorasan province has been identified as the center of mineral pollution accumulation and it has been attempted to map the soils of the study area from their geochemical and environmental map. The maximum concentrations of A More
        The Hired mining area south of Birjand, South Khorasan province has been identified as the center of mineral pollution accumulation and it has been attempted to map the soils of the study area from their geochemical and environmental map. The maximum concentrations of Arsenic and Antimony were 5550 and 910 ppm, respectively. The enrichment factor (EF) for Arsenic, Antimony and Cadmium are 1.89, 2.05 and 0.03, respectively. This indicates the average contamination of the two elements Arsenic and Antimony and the lack of contamination of the area with Cadmium. According to the I-geo index, the degree of contamination of Arsenic and Antimony elements was 1, indicating a moderate contamination of the two elements in the region and less than 1 for Cadmium. Pollution Index (PI) for the Arsenic and Antimony elements in the area was moderate and for the Cadmium element, indicating that the soils of the study area were classified as non-polluted to moderately contaminated and most of this contamination is in the adjacent soils of the mine. In general, the soils of the study area have high levels of trace elements (above the natural background value) and if not controlled in the future, the pollution will reach a critical level and cause many problems for the inhabitants of the area. Manuscript profile
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        29 - Assessing of heavymetals pollution in the agriculture soil south of Bardaskan (Khorasan Razavi province)
        mohammad ebrahim fazel valipour
        Considering the development of industry and technology, the accumulation of inviromental contaminants,especially heavy metals in the soil led to increasing concern about food security.The aim of  this study was to investigate the concentration of heavy metals in th More
        Considering the development of industry and technology, the accumulation of inviromental contaminants,especially heavy metals in the soil led to increasing concern about food security.The aim of  this study was to investigate the concentration of heavy metals in the surface soils of agricultural lands south of Bardaskan located in Khorasan Razavi. The soil samples were taken from depth of 10 to 30 cm soil by filed assessment.The dominant soil texture is gravelsandy and PH 7.3 and subalkaline. Mean total concentration of Cd,Cu,Mn and Mo were0.66,251,2176,6.67(ppm).The highest values of Igeo,EF and CF indicators were found for Cu(0.6),Mo(6.26) ,Mo(4.44).Pollution index calculated using the average of total CF was 2.36,indicating the medium contamination class in the area. High concentration of heavy metals Cu,Mo,Mn and Cd in the south of Bardaskan can be a threat to agricultural land in this area. geological structures such as faults, and human activities such as mining, agriculture, and industry can provided the necessary grounds  for soil  contamination with heavy metals and increase the concentration of heavy metals in the agricultural soil of the region. Monitoring the pollutants concentration in the agricultural soils as well as in agriculutral products is essential to conserve natural resources and ensure the food security. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        30 - Effects of clay minerals in soil pollution
        Peyman Azizi
          In addition to providing nutrients, soil also has a purifying property. This characteristic of the soil is obtained as a result of the physical (infiltration and movement of water through the pores), chemical (surface absorption, etc.) and biological properties o More
          In addition to providing nutrients, soil also has a purifying property. This characteristic of the soil is obtained as a result of the physical (infiltration and movement of water through the pores), chemical (surface absorption, etc.) and biological properties of the soil (decomposition and decay of organic matter). Clay minerals are cation exchangers and have an important effect on the storage capacity and mobility of heavy metals in the soil. There is a positive relationship between cation exchange capacity and heavy metal absorption. Kaolinite mineral does not show a significant correlation with the amount of heavy metals and forms the weakest cation-clay bond. Studies have shown that there are no polluting elements with this mineral. Minerals of the smectite group are strong cation exchangers and their presence can affect the mobility of toxic elements. Studies confirm the positive correlation between the presence of vermiculite and heavy metals, which is probably due to the higher specific levels and bonding capacity of this type of mineral. Minerals that have variable electric charge, such as iron and aluminum oxides, which have various charges from positive to negative depending on soil pH, have a large storage capacity. Surface absorption and release of heavy metals in soils is significantly controlled by the amount and proportion of secondary oxide minerals. Therefore, phyllosilicate and oxide clay minerals are effective as a surface absorbing agent for the correction and treatment of potential environmental pollution, and the capacity of trapping and surface absorption of heavy metals by them can be an important parameter for evaluating the geochemical vulnerability of an ecosystem. Manuscript profile
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        31 - Health assessment of heavy metals pollutions in some of imported and cultivated rice of Karoon River (Case study: Shadegan city)
        A. Skandari M. Mohammadi Rozbahani Kh. Payandeh
        10.30495/jfh.2019.669312
        Heavy metals are one of the most important pollutants that enter the soil in various ways and thus reach agricultural crops. The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of heavy metals in rice grown in farms of Karoon River (from Shadegan city) and to compa More
        Heavy metals are one of the most important pollutants that enter the soil in various ways and thus reach agricultural crops. The aim of this study was to determine the concentration of heavy metals in rice grown in farms of Karoon River (from Shadegan city) and to compare their risk assessment with Indian imported rices. To this end, four farms were studied in the village of Umme-Ghazlan (Ahvaz-Darkhovein), and the samples were taken during December 2017. Local soil and rice samples were collected from two points in each farm and three replications were used to determine the concentrations of heavy metals. A total of 24 cultivated rice samples together with 24 soil samples were obtained. Two samples of imported Indian rice, were also tested with 18 replications. The mean concentrations of heavy metals of lead, nickel, arsenic and cadmium in rice samples of downstream farms of Karoon River were 60.40, 28.05, 23.44 and 14.26 mg/Kg, respectively. The contamination levels in the case of imported rice samples were 57.77, 23.24, 15.79 and 9.76 mg/Kg dry weight, respectively. EDI values ​​of lead, cadmium, nickel and arsenic metals among the four tested farms were higher than imported rice. The highest index of EDI in imported rice was related to lead (90.70) and the lowest one was to cadmium (15.33). EDI values ​​of nickel and arsenic were in the second and third ranks. Among the farms, the lowest index of EDI (17.16) was related to cadmium (farm 1) and the highest level (98.31) was related to lead (farm 4). Based on the results, the risk of local rice samples were estimated higher than India's imported ones. Manuscript profile
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        32 - Evaluation of polluting industries effects on soil heavy metals (Case Study: Ilam Cement Factory)
        Batool Nouroozi Noredin Rostami Mohsen Tavakoli Mahmood Rostami nia
        Nowadays, environmental pollution with heavy metals has become a global issue. Heavy metals can enter the environment through human and natural resources. Soil can hold environmental pollution and these pollutants can be checked by chemical analysis. The purpose of this More
        Nowadays, environmental pollution with heavy metals has become a global issue. Heavy metals can enter the environment through human and natural resources. Soil can hold environmental pollution and these pollutants can be checked by chemical analysis. The purpose of this field survey is assessment of soil pollution by heavy metals around Ilam Cement factory. In this regard, a total of 20 soil samples taken in different directions and the concentration of Zinc, Cobalt, Manganese, Molybdenum, Cadmium, Copper, Lead, Chromium and Nickel in soil samples was measured using atomic absorption spectrometry. In order to better understand about distribution of heavy metals, Geoaccumulation Index, Contamination Factor, modified Contamination Degree, Pollution Load Index methods applied. Results showed that although the concentration of all of heavy metals in the study area is less than standard but the correlation coefficient (R2) of elements in different directions show that the highest correlation coefficient for elements is in the North West direction of study area which is in agreement with main winds direction in the region. So wind direction is effective in elements distribution and their concentration decreased with distance from the factory. Manuscript profile
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        33 - Enhancing bioavailability of lead for phytoremediation of contaminated soils
        Zahra Arabi مهدی Homaee M.E Asadi
        In this study the influence of enhancing synthetic chelate (HEDTA) were investigated on lead (Pb) solution in contaminated soils. The Pb phytoextraction capability of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) before and after chelating was also studied. The experiment was conducted More
        In this study the influence of enhancing synthetic chelate (HEDTA) were investigated on lead (Pb) solution in contaminated soils. The Pb phytoextraction capability of radish (Raphanus sativus L.) before and after chelating was also studied. The experiment was conducted in a randomized complete factorial design, with three replicated for each treatment. The Pb treatments (as PbCl2) were consisted of 0 (control), 50, 100, 600 and 1000 mg Pb kg-1 soil. When plants were fully grown, the chelating agent HEDTA was added to Pb treatments in concentration of 1.5, 5 and 6 mMkg-1 soil, respectively. The control treatments was received no chelate. Ten days later, some samples were taken from the plants and soils to measure lead concentrations after applying the chelate. The results indicated that in all treatments, the concentrations of soluble Pb in soil were more than the control treatment. In all treatments, Pb concentrations in plant shoots and roots were increased by increasing Pb concentrations in the soil solution. In current study, Pb concentration in radish shoots and roots, after enhancing HEDTA was larger than control. The collected data were also showed that Pb uptake by radish roots was larger than that of shoots. Manuscript profile
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        34 - Performance of purslane (Portulaca oleracea) in nickel and cadmium contaminated soil as a heavy metals-removing crop
        Mehrab Yadegari
        10.30495/ijpp.2018.540891
        Manuscript profile
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        35 - Distribution of Lead and cadmium Levels in the soil of Borkhar District of Isfahan province
        A, Gandomkar M, Hadi
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        36 - The growth of Matricaria chamomilla L. affected by cadmium and lead in greenhouse and field conditions
        Mohammad bagheri Hamid Reza Javanmanrd Mohammad Reza Naderi
        10.2./jpps.2021.684935
         The use of medicinal plants in contaminated soils with heavy metals is of significance for the bioremediation of the environment and for plant growth. The effects of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) on the growth of roots and aerial parts, and the number of flowers in M More
         The use of medicinal plants in contaminated soils with heavy metals is of significance for the bioremediation of the environment and for plant growth. The effects of cadmium (Cd) and lead (Pb) on the growth of roots and aerial parts, and the number of flowers in Matricaria chamomilla L. were investigated in greenhouse and field conditions using 10-kg pots containing polluted soil with Cd (0, 10, and 40 mgkg-1) and Pb (0, 60 and 180 mgkg-1) in 2018-2019 in Isfahan (Khorasgan) Islamic Azad University. The effects of the experimental treatments including metal concentration was significant at 5% level, growth stage and location, plant tissue and their interactions significantly affected plant growth (dry weight) was significant at 1% level. Increasing Cd and Pb concentrations decreased number of flowers in the field and increased it in the greenhouse. Plant growth significantly decreased by increasing heavy metal concertation was significant at 5% level as at the first, second and third contamination levels, it was equal to 480.39, 416.00, and 399.33 g, respectively. The highest plant growth was resulted at flowering (500.78) and tillering (511.67 g), significantly at 5% level higher than that of stemming (283.28 g). Compared with Pb (407.44 g), increasing Cd concentration, resulted in significantly at 5% level higher reduction (333.11 g) of plant growth. It is possible to grow Matricaria chamomilla L. in heavy metal polluted soils for the bioremediation of the environment. Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        37 - Use of Festuca ovina L. in Chelate Assisted Phytoextraction of Copper Contaminated Soils
        Mahdieh Ebrahimi Fernando Madrid Díaz
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        38 - Characterizing Changes of Heavy Metals in the Soils from Different Urban Location of Borujerd, Lorestan Province, Iran
        Eisa Solgi Abolfazl Khodadadi Mohsen Mohammadi Galangashi
        10.22034/jchr.2017.544182
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        39 - Tolerance and Accumulation of Heavy Metals by Descurainia sophia L.
        Hoda Karamooz Akbar Safipour Afshar Fatemeh Saeid Nematpour Saeid Nematpour
        10.22034/jchr.2016.544129
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        40 - Lead Contamination in Playgrounds in Tuzla (Bosnia and Herzegovina)-environmental and Children Health Risk Assessment
        Maida Šljivić Husejnović Esmeralda Dautović Adaleta Softić
        10.22034/jchr.2020.1908960.1176
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        41 - Application of Steam Enhanced Extraction method on BTEX contaminated soil in a Nigerian petroleum depot and Automobile workshop sites in Ilorin metropolis, Nigeria.
        ismail muhibbu-din isaac ayodele
        10.22034/ap.2021.1931233.1107
        Manuscript profile
      • Open Access Article

        42 - Effect Biochar on the absorption of lead in phytoremediation of contaminated soils by maize (Zea mays L.)
        Omid Haji Najafi Mohammadreza Momayezi Hossein Ali Sheibani1
        Biochar as a process of pyrolysis of organic compounds and having specific characteristics which can absorb the material, leaching of nutrients and heavy metals affect. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Biochar the amount of Pb in the plant maize (Zea mays L More
        Biochar as a process of pyrolysis of organic compounds and having specific characteristics which can absorb the material, leaching of nutrients and heavy metals affect. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Biochar the amount of Pb in the plant maize (Zea mays L.) in a greenhouse at the research farm of Islamic Azad University of Varamin in crop year 1394 was conducted. Factorial experiment in completely randomized design with three replications. Pb at a concentration of zero, 50, 100 and 200 milligrams per kilogram of lead sulfate salt supply Pb SO4 (respectively P0, P1, P2 and P3) as well as taking Biochar (charcoal made from almond wood) with a ratio of zero, 20 and 40% (respectively B0, B1 and B2) were considered as treatments. The results showed effects Biochar the weight of fresh and dry biomass, biomass, fresh root, stem and leaf concentration of lead in the five-percent probability level was significant. The results showed Biochar effects on fresh and dry weight, root fresh weight, the concentration of lead in roots and leaves were significant at the level of five percent. The highest shoot dry weight of the treatment (no biochar) and 50 mg Pb kg with 1.431 hot and the lowest shoot dry weight of 200 milligrams of lead per kilogram of treatment and lack of biochar with hot 0.261 at the root of the treatment of 100 mg Pb kg and 40 wt% biochar with 1.368 mg per kg and the lowest lead concentration at the root of the control (no lead) and 20 percent by weight biochar with 0.617 mg kg and the highest lead concentration in stems from the treatment of 200 mg Pb kg (and lack of biochar) with (1.239 mg kg) and the lowest concentration of lead in the stem of the treatment (no lead) and 20 percent by weight biochar (1.001 g) and the highest concentration of lead in leaves of treatment, 40% biochar with 1.941 mg per kg and the lowest lead concentration in leaves related to the treatment of 100 mg per kg of lead and 40% biochar with 0.166 mg kg. The results of this study suggest that lead pollution is causing negative effects on morphological and physiological characteristics of corn.   Manuscript profile

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