List of Articles Simpson

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  1 - Investigating Water Quality of Sufi Chay river using macrobenthos indicators
  mahsa mobasheri lobat taghavi Seyed Mohammad Bagher Nabavi
  10.22034/jest.2019.18876.2762
  Background and Objective: The present study investigates the water quality of Sufi Chay river in Maragheh, Iran using Benthos groups and their population structures in 2015. Material and Methodology: Overall, 9samplingsites were selected in the region and Macrobenthos More

  Background and Objective: The present study investigates the water quality of Sufi Chay river in Maragheh, Iran using Benthos groups and their population structures in 2015. Material and Methodology: Overall, 9samplingsites were selected in the region and Macrobenthos were sampled in triplicate at each siteusing a 25×50 surber. The samples were stabilized by Formaldehyde 4% and their species, family and genus were identified. A total of20Macrobenthos species from 19 families, 10 orders and 2 classes were evaluated. Baetis sp. was the dominant species in winter and summer. Findings: The results indicate that the 7 and 9 sites with the aggregation of 47 and 128 Macrobenthos per m2 were dominant in winter and summer, respectively. Regarding Welch model, water quality of Sufichay river was moderate at most sites in both seasons. However, the water quality at the 7 site in winter and the 8 and 5 sites in summer was unsuitable. According to the BMWP Index, water quality of the river, except the 8 and 9 sites in winter, was suitable. Discussion and Conclusion: Regarding the results of this research it can be concluded that Macrobenthos community is an effective bioindicator to assess environmental conditions of the Sufi chay river. In addition, the results of this study display the relatively suitable water quality of Sufi Chay river. Manuscript profile
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  2 - Error estimation of ‎f‎uzzy Newton-Cotes method for Integration of fuzzy functions‎
  N. Ahmady E. Ahmady
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  3 - Narratology of “Symphony of the Dead” by Abbas Maroufi based on “Simpsons” theory
  Samaneh Pasban Vatan Fateme Heydari
  10.30495/dk.2022.697625
  This research tries to examine the narrative viewpoint in Abbas Maroufi's novel entitled "Symphony of the Dead" in an analytical-descriptive way. This study is based on the model proposed by Simpson in 1993. It takes place in which the narrative and the narrative viewpo More

  This research tries to examine the narrative viewpoint in Abbas Maroufi's novel entitled "Symphony of the Dead" in an analytical-descriptive way. This study is based on the model proposed by Simpson in 1993. It takes place in which the narrative and the narrative viewpoint are examined in a systematic and methodical way. First, we try to find out what kind of narrator is in this story based on Simpson's model, and then we examine whether the modality of the story is positive, negative or neutral. By studying this research, we find that the narrator is changing between the first person and the third person, each of which has had an effect on the advancement of the narration. The dominant modality in the story,based on Simpson's categorization is Positive, Which illustrates the commitment and self confidence of the narrator about the story's adventures and his decisive view about ignorance and prejudice in contrast to intellectual and consciousness. The Modal System used in the novel is imperative and implicit that it shows by modal-word verbs, emotional words such as Adjective and evaluative Adverb, verbs of reporting that represent thoughts and behaviors and statements the generalizations.Of course, in some parts of the story, there is a negative modal that points to the skepticism of the characters of the story. Manuscript profile
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  4 - Investigating Management Factors affecting Weed Biodiversity Indices and yield of Wheat Field in Chenaran township Using CART Decision Tree
  setayesh kheradmand Behnam Kamkar javid gherekhloo mohammad hasan hadizadeh ghorbanali rasam
  Investigation on Management Factors affecting Weed Biodiversity Indices and yield of Wheat in Chenaran Township (Iran) Using CART Decision TreeAbstractIn order to study the effect of field management methods and environmental factors on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yiel More

  Investigation on Management Factors affecting Weed Biodiversity Indices and yield of Wheat in Chenaran Township (Iran) Using CART Decision TreeAbstractIn order to study the effect of field management methods and environmental factors on wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) yield, weed control, weeds in two consecutive years were studied in 200 farms of 20 villages located in four directions of Chenaran Township, Iran. For this purpose, sampling was carried out using (w) method with a 0.25 m 2 quadrate. Weed species were identified and their number per square meter was determined. Then, the Shannon-Weiner Index and Simpson Equilibrium Index were calculated for biodiversity measurement. Quantitative and qualitative management factors were prepared in the form of farmers' questionnaire. For this purpose, all informations on agronomic management including land area, farmers' history, seedbed preparation and weed control were recorded the forms of a questionnaire during the growing season. At the end of the growing season, the actual yield obtained by the farmers was recorded. The analysis using Classification and Regression Trees (CART) method showed that among different parameters, the agricultural experience, number of dual purpose herbicides (herbicides which control both grasses and broad leaf weeds), nitrogen, potassium, summer planting last two recent years before centrifugal wheat seed planting, farmer age, the Shannon-Weiner and Simpson indices had significant changes. The most important management factors affecting wheat yield were splitting of fertilizer, the number of dual purpose herbicides and fertilizer, as well as rotation and educational levels. The results of this study showed that the appropriate amount of potassium and nitrogen fertilizer and selection of suitable alternatives are effective management strategies to improve wheat yield and increase biodiversity in Chenaran area.Key words: Simpson index, Shannon-Weiner index Manuscript profile
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  5 - Spatial and temporal assessment of weeds biodiversity in wheat agroecosystems of Bandar-e-Torkeman county, Golestan province
  Maral Neyazmoradi Hossein Kazemi Javid Gherekhloo Afshin Soltani Behnam Kamkar
  This research was conducted to study of diversity and weed population structure of wheat agroecosystems of Bandar-e-Torkeman county in 2018-2019 year. Diversity indices such as Shannon-Wiener and Simpson for fields and frequency, relative frequency, relative uniformity More

  This research was conducted to study of diversity and weed population structure of wheat agroecosystems of Bandar-e-Torkeman county in 2018-2019 year. Diversity indices such as Shannon-Wiener and Simpson for fields and frequency, relative frequency, relative uniformity and relative density indices for all weed species were calculated and measured in two time stages, before and after chemical treatment with herbicides. Obtained data from diversity indices were moved in the GIS media and weed species maps of wheat fields were prepared. In this study, we were identified 18 species from 9 plant families. The checking of plant species showed that 66.67% and 33.33% were belonged to annual and perennial, also, about 27.77% and 72.23% were narrow-leaved and broad-leaved, respectively. Gramineae species include Avena ludoviciana, Lolium temulentum, Phalaris minor, Alopecurus myosuroides and Polygon monspeliensis, Fabaceae species include Medicago scutellata, Polygonom avicular, Vicia villosa and Oxalis corniculata and Compositea species such as Helianthus annuus and Cirsium arvense, had about 27.77, 22.22 and 11.11 percent of the available plant species, that were recognized as the most important plant families in wheat fields of county, respectively. In this study, weed distribution maps in wheat fields of the county before and after chemical control were prepared in three frequency groups of 50-100, 30-50 and less than 30% and showed an almost uniform distribution of weeds in surveyed region. Manuscript profile
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  6 - A three-step method based on Simpson's 3/8 rule for solving system of nonlinear Volterra integral equations
  M. Tavassoli-Kajani L. Kargaran-Dehkordi Sh. Hadian-Jazi
  This paper proposes a three-step method for solving nonlinear Volterra integralequations system. The proposed method convents the system to a (3 × 3)nonlinear block system and then by solving this nonlinear system we ndapproximate solution of nonlinear Volterra More

  This paper proposes a three-step method for solving nonlinear Volterra integralequations system. The proposed method convents the system to a (3 × 3)nonlinear block system and then by solving this nonlinear system we ndapproximate solution of nonlinear Volterra integral equations system. To showthe advantages of our method some numerical examples are presented. Manuscript profile
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  7 - Study on Weed Status in Mashhad Khorshid Park
  Omid Torabinia Mohammad Bazoobandi Seyed Hossein Torabi Mohammad Hasan Hadizadeh
  To beautify and improve landscape of Mashhad metropolitan city, weed situation of Khorshid Park was studied. Thirty weed species belonging to 15 plants families formed the relatively diverse weed communities established on plains and hillsides of the park most of which More

  To beautify and improve landscape of Mashhad metropolitan city, weed situation of Khorshid Park was studied. Thirty weed species belonging to 15 plants families formed the relatively diverse weed communities established on plains and hillsides of the park most of which belonged to Asteraceae, Poaceae and Fabaceae families, respectively. Sixteen of which (53%) were annuals, 37% were perennials and 10% were biennials. the richness of the plain weed community with 26 species was more than hillsides with 20 species. Weed community in hillside weed was highly uniform while uniformity of weed community in plains was less than hillsides showing signs of dominance at the beginning of the season. The Logarithmic distribution model of species showed the habitats are not relatively demolished, The similarity between weed communities of plains and hillsides was less than the similarity between seasonal weed communities of each habitat indicating more adaption of weeds to habitat conditions. The less similarity was obtained between spring weeds of both habitats while the most similarity was observed between summer weed communities. This survey proved that plains are threatened by noxious weed species such as Acroptilon repens L., Cynodon dactylon L., Hordeum murinum L., Bromus tectorum L. and Setaria viridis L. while hillsides menaced by Acroptilon repens L., Alhagi camelorum Fisch., Cirsium arvense and Xanthium strumarium L. Manuscript profile
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  8 - Comparing the Distribution of the Vegetative Cover in Two Different Ecosystems
  Hossein Sadeghzadeh Yazdi Mohammad Hasan Rashed Mohasel Leila Alimoradi
    This research was carried out to investigate the population structure of the plant flora of weeds in two different microclimates. To perform this experiment, two pieces of lands located in Mashhad, with dimensions of 95 × 20 m were selected; one of them was More

    This research was carried out to investigate the population structure of the plant flora of weeds in two different microclimates. To perform this experiment, two pieces of lands located in Mashhad, with dimensions of 95 × 20 m were selected; one of them was an abandoned agricultural land and the other was an abandoned garden. Both areas were without maintenance for about 8 years but the garden was irrigated just for grazing sheeps and goats. Sample taking from intersections of regular grids of 5 × 5 m by 1 × 1 m quadrates was conducted. After fitting the theoretical models of empirical variogram with interpolation of points, the maps of the species were drawn. To study the  vegetative cover in both regions the α and β diversity indicators, the relative frequency, species richness, uniformity, Shanon-Veiwer and Simpson indices, and also similarity indicators, Ashtyn house, Jaccard and Sorenson similarity coefficient was determined. Totally 35 species which were belonged to 12 plant families were found, 15 species of which were found in the abandoned agricultural land but Alhagi pseudalhaji and two species of Lactuca genus were common in both lands. In the survey conducted, 31 species were dicots and 4 species were monocots. Climate conditions causes that in each region ecotype of plant species vary in terms of the number and families, thus effects on the diversity and distribution in the region. Manuscript profile
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  9 - Taxonomic study of some biodiversity characteristics of the soil Laelapid mites in different habitats of Shahrood region-Iran
  Parisa Qurani Massoud Hakimi Tabar Omid Joharchi Hamed Ghobari
  This study is based on survey on soil inhabiting Laelapidae that was carried out in year 2015 in different habitats of Shahrood region. In this study, 19 species belonging 10 genera and 3 subfamilies were collected and identified and determine some characteristics of bi More

  This study is based on survey on soil inhabiting Laelapidae that was carried out in year 2015 in different habitats of Shahrood region. In this study, 19 species belonging 10 genera and 3 subfamilies were collected and identified and determine some characteristics of biodiversity. According to results of Laelaspisella berlesi (45) was the most abundant and Gaeolaelaps kargi, Gaeolaelaps angusta and Pseudoparasitus hajiganbari (0/46) were the least abundant. The highest Margalef index and Shannon-Wiener’s diversity index were calculated for forest and Simpson index were calculated for Bastam.   Manuscript profile
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  10 - Herbicide on Weed Composition, Diversity and Density in Silage Corn (cv. Sc 704)
  M. Zafarian R. Sadrabadi Haghigi L. Alimoradi
  In order to study the effect of plant density, planting pattern and herbicide dosage of nicosulfuron, a field experiment was arranged in a factorial split plot treatments based on RCBD with three replications in Chenaran, Khorasan Razavi, in 2010. The experimental treat More

  In order to study the effect of plant density, planting pattern and herbicide dosage of nicosulfuron, a field experiment was arranged in a factorial split plot treatments based on RCBD with three replications in Chenaran, Khorasan Razavi, in 2010. The experimental treatments consisted of a factorial plant density (100000, 120000 and 140000 plants ha-1) in the planting pattern (single and double row) as main plot and herbicide dosage of nicousulforon in four levels (0, 1, 1/5 and 2, l.ha-1) as sub-plot. Samplings were made at in five stages (37days after the emergence of corn and it was repeated once per 20 days). The results indicated reducing the weed density and dry matter of weeds in the first stage after the herbicide treatment. Moreover, it was observed a significant interaction effect between plant density with planting pattern and between planting pattern with herbicides dosages during growth season on reducing weed density and dry matter. Also results indicated that in between of this experiment's treatments, nicosulfuron herbicide reduced weed density at the beginning of growth season and double row planting pattern suppressed weed density during growing season, and resulted in lowest Jacard similarity index (Sj) of weed species. Results also indicated that with increasing of plant density and herbicide dosage especially in composition of double row planting pattern, according to Shannon- Wiener index, sensitive population such as common purslane (Portulaca oleracea L.), buckhorn plantain (Plantago lanceolata L.), prostrate knotweed (Polygonum aviculareL.), black nightshade (Solanum nigrum L.) and Johnson grass (Sorghum halepens L.) was reduced in during growing season. Simpson dominance index, showed that some low populated weeds such as redroot pigweed (Amaranthus retroflexus L.), common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album L.), field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis L.) and Canada thistle (Circum arvensis L.) persisted their growth up to the end of growing season. Manuscript profile
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  11 - The style of Rabi'a narrations in Attar's works
  Zahra Sadat Taheri Ghaleno
  The fundamental questions of the research are: a) The stylistic-narrative components are explained based on which stylistic mechanisms of the narrative? and b) How do these components appear in narrative discourse? The results of the research showed that by analyzing th More

  The fundamental questions of the research are: a) The stylistic-narrative components are explained based on which stylistic mechanisms of the narrative? and b) How do these components appear in narrative discourse? The results of the research showed that by analyzing the processes, the level of participation of the characters in the story is determined. The point of view in some stories is the third person of the reflector, in some the third person of the narrator, and in the story of "Intention to make the Kaaba of Rabia" the third person is the reflector-narrator. Descriptive suspense and delay are visible, for example in expressing the hardships of the Hajj journey and Rabia's fear of worldly possessions and self-deception.sometimes a mystic who teaches others and sometimes a seeker who learns by himself. The relations between actors or participants of the discourse are formed as an unequal, formal, public and equal relationship Manuscript profile
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  12 - Criticism of the translation of the book of stylistics
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  This article examines and criticizes the translation of Paul Simpson's book on stylistics, which was translated into Persian by Nasrin Faqih Malek Marzban and published by Al-Zahra University. In this book, Simpson has looked at stylistics with a new approach. In this a More

  This article examines and criticizes the translation of Paul Simpson's book on stylistics, which was translated into Persian by Nasrin Faqih Malek Marzban and published by Al-Zahra University. In this book, Simpson has looked at stylistics with a new approach. In this article, we examine the translation of the book from four perspectives: appearance and form, structure, content and language. In the external and formal criticism, we deal with the weight, volume and cut of the book, page layout, diagrams, font and letter size, binding and binding, paper and cover material, cover and back cover design, and in the structural criticism of the system special book classification; In the content criticism of the translation features and in the linguistic criticism, we examine the grammatical or editorial signs, the use of wrong verbs, prepositions and pronouns, double writing, recording of unusual forms of declaration. Content evaluation is more focused on checking the accuracy and correctness of translation and equivalent choices. The existence of editing and writing problems, weakness in equivalent options, double writing and in many cases lack of translation are the weak points of this book. The book of stylistics opens new intellectual horizons for Persian readers. Manuscript profile
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  13 - Distribution and diversity of weed species in Sugar beet ( Beta vulgaris L) Fields of Kermanshah Province
  عبدالرضا احمدی مجید رستمی فریبا خاموشی Mozhgan veisi
  In order to study the diversity of weed flora in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) fields of Kermanshah province, 92 fields in five cities of this province investigated during the spring and summer of 2014. The first stage of sampling was in May and the second stage was in Sep More

  In order to study the diversity of weed flora in sugar beet (Beta vulgaris) fields of Kermanshah province, 92 fields in five cities of this province investigated during the spring and summer of 2014. The first stage of sampling was in May and the second stage was in September. After sampling and identification of weeds, the diversity and evenness indices were calculated for each field. Acording to results in different cities of this province, five species of weeds have the highest value of dominance index. The most important weed in this experiment were warm season species such as Chenopodium album, Amaranthus spp, Setaria viridis, Xanthium strumarium and Convolvlus arvensis. The calculated value of domoinance index for above mentioned weeds were 197.7, 187.3, 170.3, 150.6 and 105.3, respectively and calculated dominance index for the rest of observed weeds was less than 100. Considering Shannon-Wiener diversity indices at the first stage of sampling the studied cities classified in two groups whereas in second stage the cities placed in three groups. In the first stage of sampling the highest value of Simpson diversity indice (0.78) calculated for Sahneh and the lowest value (0.67) observed in Eslamabad-e-Gharb, but in the second stage the highest value (0.93) of this indices belonged to Eslamabad-e-Gharb and the lowest value (0.83) calculated for Harsin. The obtained results after t-test showed that in both of stages there was the significant difference for species diversity of weeds among the studied cities Manuscript profile