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Open Access Article
1 - Modernism in Forough & Shamlou’s Poems
Mohammadreza Tajik Farzaneh AhadzadehNaminiPreface and the goal of research: Modernism has become the dominant methodology of art for few decades. It is characterized as the aesthetic and cultural reaction against modernity and modernization. Its prominent trait, either in poetry and roman, or cinema and paintin MorePreface and the goal of research: Modernism has become the dominant methodology of art for few decades. It is characterized as the aesthetic and cultural reaction against modernity and modernization. Its prominent trait, either in poetry and roman, or cinema and painting, is the rational Philosophy and thinking. This research tries its goal on two sections: First, the theoretical fund of the thesis, that responds to the questions like what the modernism is, what is the literary modernism, and which characteristics would be searched in a modern work? In the second section the goal is to confirm that the poems of Forough and Shamlou are modernistic according to modernism theories. On the other hand these two poetries are compared from the view point of modernistic criteria. Method of research: The research is done by method of content analysis, respecting Rene Wallek’s theories on the book “Literary theory”, Peter Childs’book “Modernism”, and Marshal Berman’s book Experience of Modernity. The research examines Some Poems of Forough and Shamlou from the view of modernistic content and form by categorical and contextual analysis , and through these works studies the poet’s reaction and concerns as a social discourse of modernism. Findings and Results: The findings approve that modern criteria are prominent at the two poet’s works like deep thoughts individualism, deep introversion, social fall, symbol, metaphor etc…and according to these characteristics, we can name them as modern poetries. Comparing these two poems from the view of modernism, regarding some modern principles the result would be that, as of characteristics such as individualism, introspection, self-reflection, and skepticism, Forough’s poetry is closer to modernism. Both poets are strongly social commited , and finally none is philosophical thinking, However most of their poems are based on deep thinking. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - A comparative study of adjectives in Ahmad Shamlou's poems and poems Of French resistance poets
zohreh sakian Mohammad TaheriOne of the methods of text analysis is layered stylistics. By examining the layered stylistics of the text, researchers divide the text into smaller and separate layers and study the style based on the most frequent features. In the present research, the researchers stu MoreOne of the methods of text analysis is layered stylistics. By examining the layered stylistics of the text, researchers divide the text into smaller and separate layers and study the style based on the most frequent features. In the present research, the researchers studying the lexical layer of the text and especially the adjectives in the "havaye tazeh" by Ahmad Shamlou and the comparative analysis of the mentioned layer in the collection of poems (Les Yeux d'Elsa) by Louis Aragon and (De La Force de l'Amour) by Paul Elard, try to examine the affectability of Shamlou in this layer of stylistics. In the following, they look at the way of influence, adaptation, and generalization of adjectives and consequently mark the poetic words of the poet. According to the findings of the research, the repeated use and similar method of Shamlu in the use of these adjectives, which is the same as the adjectives in the poems of French poets, shows the immense influence of Shamlu on the two mentioned French poets and especially Paul Elurad in this part of the vocabulary layer. Some adjectives are bright, dark, earthy, dumb, distant, etc. The adaptation in this part of the Lexical layer has drawn Shamlou's poetic style towards sensuality and abstraction and made the audience more concrete in understanding. Shamlou's adoptation and the generalization of adjectives in different images have advanced Shamlou's poetic ideology and worldview in parallel and sometimes with the ideas of these two French poets. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - A Comparison on symbolic Concept of Rain in Ahmad Shamlou and Shakir al Sayyab's Poetries
Sara Izadkhah Seyyed Hossein SeyyediRain in in Ahmad Shamlou and Shakir al Sayyab's Poetries is a social symbol. It contains the concepts such as sadness and happiness, hope and hopelessness. Applying Dumuzid myth in the "Rain" poetry by Sayyab and the folk language in Shamloo's verse shows the common con MoreRain in in Ahmad Shamlou and Shakir al Sayyab's Poetries is a social symbol. It contains the concepts such as sadness and happiness, hope and hopelessness. Applying Dumuzid myth in the "Rain" poetry by Sayyab and the folk language in Shamloo's verse shows the common concepts in these two poets' poetries. This paper – which is done in librarian method – tries to study "Rain" and "giant petrel" by Shamloo and "Rain song" by Sayyab to makes the availability to similar effective patterns of two poets in their poetries. The theoretical level of the research includes cause variable and the operational level shows the effect variable; by studying the poetries the frequency of the term "rain" is extracted. Finally the symbolic concepts, similarities and differences are expressed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Examining and comparing the reflection of existential views in Shamlou and Sohrab's poetry
Zahra Mirzaii Bahman Abad Fatemeh Ghafuri Mehdi Abad Pooran yusefi poor kermaniAmong philosophical schools of thought, the philosophy of existentialism is undoubtedly one of the most influential schools that left a deep impact on the opinions of people such as Hedayat, Al-Ahmed, Freud, etc. Ahmad Shamlou and Sohrab Sepehri were among those who wer MoreAmong philosophical schools of thought, the philosophy of existentialism is undoubtedly one of the most influential schools that left a deep impact on the opinions of people such as Hedayat, Al-Ahmed, Freud, etc. Ahmad Shamlou and Sohrab Sepehri were among those who were influenced by this thought in part of their literary creation. Shalom's influence on the philosophy of existentialism can be seen in the following ways: In the philosophical field - the content that includes more of Sartre's thoughts, in the political field, Camus's thoughts are the focus of his attention. And in the literary field, due to the closeness of Sartre and Camus' opinions to each other, it includes, if not influences, but agrees with their opinions.Sohrab Sepehari was not a poet with existentialist thoughts in today's real sense, but the ontological system can be found in his works, especially throughout the "Sound of Footsteps" poem. And his thinking in this system has an ontological aspect, Sohrab's revelatory beliefs have made the foundation of his system in two capabilities, that is, the external level, which is the description of nature and its elements and the inner and latent level which is the expression of the philosophical and epistemological concepts of the elements will appear.In this research, the author by comparing philosophical poems by Shamlou and Sohrab, he came to the conclusion that the contents of existentialist philosophy are strongly and weakly The poetry of these two poets can be seen. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Is Our Verse Blank? A Research on the Blank Verse and its Function in Persian Literature
Sohrab TavousiThe question that this article is trying to find an answer for is whether Persian literature has blank verse. By analyzing the definition, history, and scanning what is, in the world literature, called blank verse, and comparing it with what is called blank verse in Per MoreThe question that this article is trying to find an answer for is whether Persian literature has blank verse. By analyzing the definition, history, and scanning what is, in the world literature, called blank verse, and comparing it with what is called blank verse in Persian literature, the article comes to this conclusion that utilizing the title blank verse for the Persian poetry – especially for the inventor of this genre in Iran, Ahmad Shamlou – is an influential misunderstanding. By defining the free verse, this article believes that Shamlou’s poetry can, optimistically, be estimated free verse. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Prosodic Metrics in the Romantic Poems of Four Iranian Contemporary Poets
Farhad Mohammadi Mohammad SadeghiAfter Nimaic verse revealed indistinct in applying metric feet, a number of modernist poets tried their hands in devising and correcting the ambiguities in their own poems. Contrary to other types of new poetry, their new romantic poems, practiced in different frames an MoreAfter Nimaic verse revealed indistinct in applying metric feet, a number of modernist poets tried their hands in devising and correcting the ambiguities in their own poems. Contrary to other types of new poetry, their new romantic poems, practiced in different frames and forms, were not void of metric feet. It is admitted, however, that the metric feet applied in Nimaic versification were of typical and regular types. The present research investigates the prosodic metrics in the romantic poems of four Nimaic-style practitioners (Nader Naderpour, Ahmad Shamlou, Forough Farrokhzad, Fereydoun Moshiri) as well as the impact of using those metrics in deciding their preference of certain frames and forms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - An Analytical Study of Poetical image and Introducing Its Structure in the Poems of Ahmad Shamlou
Farhad Tahmasebi Zohre Saremi -
Open Access Article
8 - Freedom in the Epic Poems of Mahmoud Darwish and Ahmed Shamlou According to Jean Paul Sartre's viewpoints
Sara Ghiasi Babak Farzaneh Abdolhosien Farzad Sayed Ebrahim DibajiThe concept of freedom is one of the most frequent concepts of modern epic poetry, which has found different meaningful dimensions due to the extensive social and political developments. With the growth of philosophical schools, especially the philosophy of existentiali MoreThe concept of freedom is one of the most frequent concepts of modern epic poetry, which has found different meaningful dimensions due to the extensive social and political developments. With the growth of philosophical schools, especially the philosophy of existentialism, the concept of freedom became one of the most important categories in contemporary life, and the humanistic and existentialist approach provided the ground for intellectual and social revolutions. Jean-Paul Sartre, French philosopher, one of the founders of existentialism had crucial role on the existential thoughts and had deep effects on the thoughts of literary writers. Mahmoud Darvish, Palestinian resistance poet, and Ahmad Shamloo, Iranian contemporary modernist poet, are prominent poets whose poems reflect the concept of freedom, the study of their poems reveals their philosophical an existential dimension. The present study with a glance to Sartre's theories, tries to do a comparative study of Darwish and Shamloo's ideas about freedom, in order to analyze the similarities and differences between their poems and express the manifestations of Sartre's thought in the viewpoint of these poets. According to the present study, the concept of freedom in the attitude of Shamloo and Darwish has a philosophical dimension that is not limited to individual freedom and includes the whole society. The concept of freedom in their worldview, is consistent with the categories of precedence existence over the nature, apprehension and responsibility, negation of metaphysical forces, the instability of nature, and the relationship between death and freedom in Sartre's theory. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Investigation and analysis of the conceptual metaphor of emotions in Ahmad Shamlou's poems (Relying on love, hope, despair and anger)
azita moradi mansooreh tadayoni masoud pakdel sima mansouriThe new theory of metaphor interprets metaphor from a different angle in the light of cognitive semantics. This theory, proposed by Johnson and Lakoff, is more or less in line with some of Aristotle's statements about metaphor. In the present study, using the descriptiv MoreThe new theory of metaphor interprets metaphor from a different angle in the light of cognitive semantics. This theory, proposed by Johnson and Lakoff, is more or less in line with some of Aristotle's statements about metaphor. In the present study, using the descriptive-analytical method, the conceptual metaphors of emotions (love, hope, despair, and anger) in the poems of Ahmad Shamlou have been investigated. The results show that one of the most important target areas in Shamul's poetry are "feelings and emotions", of which love, hope, despair, and anger are the most frequent. In order to express each of these emotions, from the primary areas such as building, light, heat, space, plants, living beings (birds and animals), water, music, food, business, treatment, power, all kinds of tastes (bitter and Shirin, etc.), keys, magic, alchemy, tools, secrets, objects (mirror, chains, etc.) have been used. Among these emotions, "love" has the most cases. Although Shamlou has used familiar things in many fields of origin, his mappings (phrases and poems) are such that he has created new correspondences in the field of conceptual metaphor. The domains that Shamlu used to materialize love are water and its metaphors (sea, river, spring, thirst, dew, river), light and its metaphors (fire, morning, sun, moon, star, dawn, flame, light), animals (horse, bird, butterfly, bee), plant and its metaphors (grass, tree, forest, branch), secret, key, music, nutrition , power, tool, peak, mirror, building, madness, travel, business and therapy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Transtextuality in Shamlou’s Poetry: An Innovative Approach to the Application of Themes, Archetypes, and Myths of Persian and Western Literature in "Roxana".
Seyed Reza EbrahimiUnlike his social poems which express the social and political concerns of the society, Ahmed Shamlou, in his emotional poetry, addresses his emotions and personal feelings. The influence and utilization of archetypes, common narratives, and myths of both Persian and wo MoreUnlike his social poems which express the social and political concerns of the society, Ahmed Shamlou, in his emotional poetry, addresses his emotions and personal feelings. The influence and utilization of archetypes, common narratives, and myths of both Persian and world literature can be noticed in these poems, which primarily show the poet has been affected by the literary cannons of the East and the West. But, inspired by his modern attitude, de-familiarization, and the aptitude to create an overwhelming (unorthodox) space is one of his concerns that shows how the poet has been distracted from the traditional classical context of classical poetry by creating a new and innovative mindset and as well as new spaces and themes. In this essay, it has been tried to use the ideas of Gerard Genet regarding the transtextuality, a long poem by Shamlou named “Roxana” has been chosen and it has been investigated that how novel and innovative (unorthodox) space, structure and poetical concepts and themes created and have been used in expressing the feelings. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Ontology of Ahmed Shamlou's poetry with emphasis on three concepts: "man", "life" and "death".
hiva naderi mohammad ali khaledyan Hassan Ali Abbaspour EsfadanEncountering a literary work requires multiple acts of awareness. Literary works, especially poetry, usually have a complex and multi-layered structure, and this causes different levels of perception to interact with each other to understand a literary text. One of thes MoreEncountering a literary work requires multiple acts of awareness. Literary works, especially poetry, usually have a complex and multi-layered structure, and this causes different levels of perception to interact with each other to understand a literary text. One of these aspects is the examination of prominent concepts in literary works. In this study, the concepts of "man", "life" and "death" in Shamlou's poetry have been investigated from the perspective of "ontology". Based on the findings of the present study, it can be claimed that "man" is the foundation of Shamlu's poetry and other poetic concepts in his poems revolve around the concept of "man". Shamlou considers himself responsible to "man" and cannot ignore his suffering.Also, based on the present findings, "life" in Shamlu's poem is full of hope. He believes that "life" flows everywhere and in all circumstances, the hope and happiness of "man" should be preserved. In this research, "death" has been examined as the last concept. According to the findings of the research, "death" in Shamlu's poem does not only mean the end of material life, but also despair and succumbing to oppression and many other cases can be examples of death. Finally, it is concluded that "man" in Shamlou's poetry plays a central role and since "life" is much more important and enjoyable than "death" in his eyes, he believes that one should strive to achieve an honorable and ideal "life". Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Critical Analaysis On Poems Ahmad Shamlou
Farzad Balal Gholamhosein Gholamhoseinzadeh Ghodratolah TaheriTill now, many researches in the forms of papers and books in the field of investigation and analysis of Ahmad Shamlou's poems have been written. In the present research, in the meanwhile by showing the historical path of written researches and investigation of their fo MoreTill now, many researches in the forms of papers and books in the field of investigation and analysis of Ahmad Shamlou's poems have been written. In the present research, in the meanwhile by showing the historical path of written researches and investigation of their formation sources, it was going to criticize and analyze the construction and contents of the written books and the eminent papers which have been combined in this field. The research method in this thesis is descriptive-analytical. The conducted investigations show that with formation of the Shamlou's style of poetry and his attention towards social and human issues, more researches have been formed in the field of poet's poems; so that within 1375-1385 it has a peak. Also, the obtained results show that from total of 303 papers which have the subject of investigation and analysis of the poet's poem have been written, 9 percents in the press, 8 percents in the research-scientific journals and 83 percents in scientific (review-propagational) have been published and distributed, also within the written papers, the research-scientific papers have a special importance and credit in comparison with the papers which have been published in the press and scientific journals (review-propagational), which among the most important reasons of this, explicit and clear language of writers in the mentioned papers, the mentioned issue-based researches, staying away from general statement and exact saying of details in this sort of papres can be mentioned. Among the researches which have been written in the form of book, "Travel Through Fog" written by Taghi Pournamdarian, "Amirzadeye Kashiha" written by Parvin Salajeghe, "Finger and Moon" written by Ain.Pashaei and "Poem of our Age" written by Mohammad Hoghoghi have special importance and credit and are popular among readers; this has caused many re-publication of the mentioned books in various eras. the reasons of importance and credit of the mentioned works can be summarized: 1-fluent and clear of writers in subjects and issues; 2-hesitate from general statement and exact saying of details; 3-illuminating of dimensions and various angles of construction and content of poet's poem. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Analysis of the discourse of protest poetry in the poetry of Ahmad Shamloo and Siavash Kasraei (based on the analysis of the discourse of Laclau and Mouffe)
Laleh Erfanian mahdi novrooz BATOOL FAKHR -E- ESLAM Farzad AbbasiThe main issue in discourse analysis is the transition from explaining linguistic data to effective processes in discourse formation. The effort is on to investigate the characteristics and protest aspects of two contemporary poets, Shamlou and Kasraei, based on the des MoreThe main issue in discourse analysis is the transition from explaining linguistic data to effective processes in discourse formation. The effort is on to investigate the characteristics and protest aspects of two contemporary poets, Shamlou and Kasraei, based on the descriptive-analytical approach and based on the model of Laclau and Mouffe's discourse analysis. As a poet, Shamlou does not accept the established social order, His political and social goals gradually lead to a simple philosophical and revolutionary worldview. However, Kasraei is not as disappointed with social change as poets like the Third Brotherhood, nor is he as pleased with philosophical and social propositions as Shamlou, but he is a committed poet in every sense of the word.Based on the elements involved in Laclau and Moffe's discourse theory, it can be said that Shamlou was inherently a poet incompatible with the spirit of his time. Shamlou's poetry considered all the vital elements of society to be a distorted construction of the ideological realms of political sovereignty, Therefore, protest in such a society is considered a sacred movement. On the other hand, Kasraei's allegorical and symbolic initial approach, and finally his revolutionary and guerrilla poetry, made him a supporter and encourager of a socialist and popular revolution. Based on this, the present study tries to study of Laclau and Mouffe's analysis discourse, namely articulation, identity, conflict and alienation, hegemony and mythology in the poems of these two important poets of contemporary Iranian history. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Content Analysis of Peace in Shamlou's Poem (Case Study: Fresh Breath Book)
Sajad Mombeini masoud hajizadehmeymandi yasin khorampor This study investigates the peace concept in Shamlou's poem, with emphasis on Fresh Breath book. To this end, Content Analysis has been used. First, based on definitions of peace, this concept is classified in 3 classes: freedom, fraternity and reclamation. Also, More This study investigates the peace concept in Shamlou's poem, with emphasis on Fresh Breath book. To this end, Content Analysis has been used. First, based on definitions of peace, this concept is classified in 3 classes: freedom, fraternity and reclamation. Also, for more objectivity, based on Moean's dictionary, each of these items was classified in some classes and codes had divided between them. Results show that the peace concept exists in Shamlou's Poem, too much. In 61 poems of all poems, peace is identifiable. Majority of codes, i.e 47.3% of them, had situated in fraternity item. In conclusion, based on results of this research, we can know Shamlou as a peaceful poet that in his era, his poem is harbinger of freedom, friendship and fraternity. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Examining the Public Literary Sphere with the Public Moral and Political Sphere in Contemporary Iran (With emphasis on Nima, Forough and Shamlou's poetry examples)
Mahmoud Mozafari Morteza Bahrani Nassereddinali Taghavian -
Open Access Article
16 - Immortality in Myths Used by Shamlou
Nāser Nāseri Tāzehshahri La’yā YosefiMost prominent poets and authors use a variety of myths to immortalize their works; they compare their heroes with heroes of myths and therefore create a bridge between the present and the past and immortalize their heroes. Among the Iranian contemporary poets, Shamlou, MoreMost prominent poets and authors use a variety of myths to immortalize their works; they compare their heroes with heroes of myths and therefore create a bridge between the present and the past and immortalize their heroes. Among the Iranian contemporary poets, Shamlou, has turned to myth because of his spirit of the struggle. He has used a variety of Iranian and global myths and thus has become a famous mythologist poet. He has utilized not only the heroic characters but also myths of animal and plant, and natural and ritual elements to express his ideals. Immortality is the trait of all myths, but the characteristic feature of Shamlou's myths is re-birth and anew life. According to his mythological view, the carnal death of hero leads to immortality. Shamlou believes that after his own carnal death, his sayings and poems lead to re-birth of "the myth of Shamlou". Therefore, he uses myths to immortalize and live up to his heroes. The poet proposes those myths that can be found the concepts of "motivation to grow" and "re-born" in them; he believes that deaths of these myths are the symbol of their life. The present article attempts to analyze these kinds of myths in the poems of Shamlou. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Realism in new poetry
Ahmad Khiyali Khatibi Tina Niknamrealism as a creative manner, a phenomenon that at a certain stage of historical evolution of human thoughtWhen people desperately need to understand the nature and direction of social evolution found When people first, and then vaguely conscious of the fact discovered Morerealism as a creative manner, a phenomenon that at a certain stage of historical evolution of human thoughtWhen people desperately need to understand the nature and direction of social evolution found When people first, and then vaguely conscious of the fact discovered The actions and thoughts of excitement caused by rogue or not the divine plan, but the real reason, or if the closer we are to the source material, appeared. Made in the impartiality of the school of real life people and entities subject to the artisans, workers and oppressed people around picks and tells their story. In this retelling of the story of the events and their natural history and the course of events without the author's written by the author to his story that broughtSoBrqydh realist writers, in fact breathe events (no fiction writer) is located. , Poets and Writers Iranians use this school and they have paid off in terms of realism to the art. poets of Iran (Ahmad Shamlou, Mehdi Akhavan, SiavashKasraei, Hamid Mosaddegh) Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - An analytical deliberation on the fact of the matter of distance between` Poet` and `Narrator` in poeticaltexts On the base of some poetic examples from Hafiz and Shamlou`s poems.
Parvin SalajeghehThis essay is an analytical deliberation on the fact of the matter between ‘Poet` and `Narrator` in poetic texts and has two sections:TheoreticalandFunctional .In theoretical part, According to contemporary theorist`s approach, for instance:Jakobson, Scholes, Bakh MoreThis essay is an analytical deliberation on the fact of the matter between ‘Poet` and `Narrator` in poetic texts and has two sections:TheoreticalandFunctional .In theoretical part, According to contemporary theorist`s approach, for instance:Jakobson, Scholes, Bakhtine, Genette and new critiques, during discussion about theory of being a distance between narrator and poet as a person at the moment of creating poem, the fact of the matter of presence of them has been analyzed.In the functional section, some samples from Hafiz`s odds and Shamluo`s poems have beenselected and analyzed according to the theoretical discussion in the first section of this essay. Also,during analyzing of subjects in this essay, the differenceof narrator`s song and poet`s song, and the fact of the matter of the sound power of them has been considered.Although, in this essay according to necessity of circumstance of analysis of narrator`s song` has been refer to another discussions like personal presence and absenceof the second person. Although, paying attention to discuss about the fact of the matter of the second kinds, needs another discussion. Therefore, the main focus is on the separation of ‘narrator’ and ‘poet’ in poetry in this essay. Manuscript profile
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