Introduction: Doubts about the safety and health hazard concerned with the use of synthetic antioxidants have led to a growing demand for the application of natural antioxidants.
Materials and Methods: In this study the antioxidant activities of water and alcoholic ext More
Introduction: Doubts about the safety and health hazard concerned with the use of synthetic antioxidants have led to a growing demand for the application of natural antioxidants.
Materials and Methods: In this study the antioxidant activities of water and alcoholic extracts of shahmirzadi variety of green husk of walnut based on reducing power, total antioxidant activity and DPPH scavenging activity were evaluated. The effects of extracts on inhibition of oxidation chain reactions of soyabean oil was examined by measuring peroxide and thiobarbitoric acid values as means to evaluate the antioxidant activities. Phenolic compounds were extracted with methanol (80%), ethanol (50%) and water and the total phenolic content was measured by Folin-Ciocalteu method.
Results: The results showed that the highest total phenolic compounds were present in the methanolic extract using microwave. The results also indicated that the extracts were able to retard the oxidation and the antioxidant activity was concentration dependent and the sample with the concentration of 1000ppm extract inhibited the oxidation of soyabean oil.
Conclusion: Walnut husk might be regarded as a potential source of natural antioxidants but further investigation might be recommended for its possible application in food and related industries.
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Introduction: The role and beneficial effects of antioxidants against various human diseases and food deterioration induced by oxidative stress have received much attention. The free radical scavenging antioxidants are one of the important classes of antioxidants and th More
Introduction: The role and beneficial effects of antioxidants against various human diseases and food deterioration induced by oxidative stress have received much attention. The free radical scavenging antioxidants are one of the important classes of antioxidants and the assessment of their capacity has been the subject of extensive studies and argument. Various methods have been developed and applied in different systems, but many available methods result in inconsistent results. In this review article, the some available methods are critically reviewed on the basis of the mechanisms and procedure and pros and cons of the methods are proposed to assess the capacity of radical scavenging and inhibition of lipid peroxidation in vitro. Materials and Methods: The ABTS, DPPH, FRAP, ORAC, TRAO, CBA Fast BB, Folin-Ciocalteu and DSC assays were used to evaluate the comparability of the most common radical scavenging assays and achieve a wide range of technical principles of them. Results: Chemical-based methods are useful for assessment of antioxidant capacity, they are low cost, simple and yield an index value (expressed as equivalents of Trolox) that allows to compare the results. However, the antioxidant capacity indexes obtained by chemical assays cannot extrapolate the performance of the sample in vivo. Because some of the assays are done in non-physiological pH values, it is necessary to move to cellular assays in order to evaluate the potential antioxidant activity of a compound or extract. Animal models and human studies are more appropriate but also more expensive and time-consuming. Conclusion: At present, in spite of the diversity of methods, there is a great need to standardize the measurements of antioxidant activity. The consensus of opinion is that a mix of these tools should be used in assessing the antioxidant activities in vitro.
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Background and Objective: Precipitation is one of the most efficient mechanisms for washing the atmospheric pollutants, specifically particulate ones out.The study chemistry of rain water was shown pollutions in atmosphere.
Method: Accordingly, to do that 16 rain More
Background and Objective: Precipitation is one of the most efficient mechanisms for washing the atmospheric pollutants, specifically particulate ones out.The study chemistry of rain water was shown pollutions in atmosphere.
Method: Accordingly, to do that 16 rainwater samples from two Mehrabad and Aghdasieh synoptic stations collected during the autumn and winter of 2012 and spring of 2013 (the city rainy seasons). Concentrations of major inorganic ions () and pH in bulk precipitation samples collected in the Tehran city of I.R. of Iran were analyzed. In this article, Enrichment Factors, Correlation Analysis and Principal Component Analysis had been used in order to identify the sources of ions found in sampled rain waters.
Findings: Results show that concentrations of the found substances were higher over the Mehrabad station. The mean concentration of ions indicated that,, and were the main anions, while ,, were the main cations. anion had important role in acidity of the rain water. The Bicarbonate anion had the highest concentration, among all other ions, over both stations and plays an important role in reduction of the acidity of the rain water. Study upon the potential sources of the ions over Tehran by means of Correlation Analysis, Enrichment Factor and Principle Component Analysis indicate that existence of Qom salt lake and desert in the south of the city were the main source of the and. There are anthropogenic sources for. The other ions were from anthropogenic and dust origin.
Discussion and Conclusion: The pollutants in rainwater over Tehran were derived from long range and local (industry and traffic) sources.
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In this research in order to study of stress influence(4, 8 and 12 ds/m of NaCl ) on some morphological, biochemical and antioxidantactivity of Securigera securidaca L. based on a randomized complete design with three replications, the seeds of plant were provided More
In this research in order to study of stress influence(4, 8 and 12 ds/m of NaCl ) on some morphological, biochemical and antioxidantactivity of Securigera securidaca L. based on a randomized complete design with three replications, the seeds of plant were provided from Esfahan Pakan Bazr Institute and were grown in growth chamber located in Yazd University during September, 2014. Biochemical and antioxidant traits were measured spectrophotometrically. Results were showed that some morphological traits significantly decreased when salinity were increased. The pigments content were not significantly affected by different levels of salinity. Proline, total soluble sugar, flavonoid and anthocyanin content significantly increased in highest level of salinity in compared with other salinity and control treatments. Malondialdehyde (MDA) significantly increased in salinity of 12 ds/m while the most significant activity of DPPH scavenging and superoxide dismutase (SOD), peroxidase (POX) and catalase (CAT) enzymes were showed in salinity of 8 ds/m. in concluded, due to non-significant changes of morphological, biochemical and antioxidant traits in salinity of 4 ds/m especially, it may be suggested that Securiger securidaca L. is a semi-tolerant genotype under salt stress.
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Plants contain phenolic compounds ranging from simple molecules such as phenolic acids to highly polymerized molecules such as tannins Phenols and polyphenols in plant tissues have gained increasing scientific interest because of their potential beneficial effects on hu More
Plants contain phenolic compounds ranging from simple molecules such as phenolic acids to highly polymerized molecules such as tannins Phenols and polyphenols in plant tissues have gained increasing scientific interest because of their potential beneficial effects on human health..In this study, Allium ampelloprasum L plant was prepared and homogenized from Sabzevar. The extraction was performed by the ultrasound extraction method using ethanol and water solvent. The amount of and antioxidant compounds of extracts was investigated by and DPPH methods, respectively. The results of the optimization process have shown that the optimum conditions of alcoholic extraction were determined as 17.81 minutes with the concentration of 800. Also, the optimum conditions for the aqueous extraction were determined as the concentration of 800 ppm and the time of 13.52 minutes. According to the optimization results, the extraction amount of antioxidant compounds in aqueous and alcoholic extractions were reported as 33.893-33.499, respectively. The results of the oxidative stability of oil have shown that the peroxide and thiobarbituric acid index in water and alcoholic extraction were 1.938-3.158 and 0.173-0.337, respectively.
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مقدمه و هدف: گیاهان دارویی بدلیل نداشتن اثرات جانبی بسیار، می توانند جایگزین خوبی برای روش های مرسوم درمان سرطان شامل شیمی درمانی،پرتو درمانی و جراحی باشند. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی تاثیر دما در مهار رادیکال آزاد در دماهای مختلف می باشد. روش تحقیق:برای تعیین فعالیت More
مقدمه و هدف: گیاهان دارویی بدلیل نداشتن اثرات جانبی بسیار، می توانند جایگزین خوبی برای روش های مرسوم درمان سرطان شامل شیمی درمانی،پرتو درمانی و جراحی باشند. هدف از این مطالعه بررسی تاثیر دما در مهار رادیکال آزاد در دماهای مختلف می باشد. روش تحقیق:برای تعیین فعالیت مهار کنندگی رادیکال آزاد با استفاده از عیارسنجی DPPH در دماهای مختلف دو تحقیق انجام شده است: ابتدا عصاره اتانولی مریم گلی، کلم قرمز، برگ گردو، اکلیل الملک و زالزالک به تنهایی و سپس مخلوط دوتایی از هر گیاه به منظور تعیین بر هم کنش های گیاه- گیاه. نتایج و بحث: به دلیل برهم کنش های گیاه- گیاه ، بیشترین در صد مهار رادیکال آزاد مربوط گیاهان به صورت تکی می باشد نه مخلوط. نتایج نشان دادند که با افزایش دما مهار رادیکال آزاد در حضور مریم گلی افزایش می یابد، در حالیکه در حضور زالزالک کاهش می یابد. بالاترین درصد مهار رادیکال آزاد در محدوده دمایی بین محیط تا دمای بدن وتب مربوط به مریم گلی در ˚C25 و بعد از آن مربوط به برگ گردو در˚C37 و در آخر زالزالک در ˚C40 می باشد. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی:نتایج دلالت دارند که بر جلوگیری از اثرات تداخلی (برهم کنش های گیاه- گیاه)، گیاهان دارویی به صورت دمنوش، غذا و میوه به تنهایی مصرف شوند.
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Background & Aim:Medicinal plants have been of immense therapeutic values to many communities, some traditional folklore places emphasis on collecting plants during the day for medicinal purpose. This study examined the effect of collection time on the phytochemical More
Background & Aim:Medicinal plants have been of immense therapeutic values to many communities, some traditional folklore places emphasis on collecting plants during the day for medicinal purpose. This study examined the effect of collection time on the phytochemical composition and antioxidant activity of Azadirachta indica leaves. Experimental: Leaves samples were collected at six hour intervals between 6AM to 6PM, phytochemical quantification was done using standard methods; antioxidant assays were done after ethanol extraction via reducing power and nitric oxide scavenging assay (NO). Results: Saponin concentration ranged from 1.08-1.24%, Tannin 0.22-0.31%, Steroid 0.08-0.14%, Glycoside 0.090-0.104%, Alkaloids 3.88-4.27%, Flavonoids 0.050-0.080% and 1.16-1.32% for Phenolics in the leaves of A. indica collected at different time of the day. The effect of time of sample collection on the phytochemical constituents shows that phytochemicals such as saponin, tannin, glycoside, alkaloids and phenolics are significantly (p<0.05) more concentrated in the leaves in the evening time (6PM) compared to other time period while steroid and flavonoid are also significantly more concentrated in the noon time (12PM). Reducing power assay shows that leave samples collected at 12PM exhibited the highest reducing power which is comparable with the samples collected at 6PM. The early morning samples showed the least reducing power while the standard antioxidant had higher reducing power than the three sample extracts. The highest percentage NO inhibition was observed in leave samples collected at 12PM (72.40%), but this is less than the ascorbic acid (standard antioxidant) which shows 84.47% inhibition. Analysis of the IC50 revealed that the afternoon sample (12PM) had the least value (23.29 μg/ml) thus, possessing better antioxidant capacity with respect to the NO scavenging; this is to a lower extent than the IC50 value (12.71 μg/ml) of the standard antioxidant. Recommended applications/industries: From the foregoing, variation exists in daytime concentrations of phytochemical in A. indica leaves which may impact on its pharmacological actions.
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