Plant species

Open Access Article

1 - Plant Type Selection for Sungun Copper Mine Environment Reclamation by Fuzzy TOPSIS Method
Iraj Alavi Naser pirooznia

Introduction: all steps of a mining project generally disturb the environment’s original condition during execution. Therefore from exploration until end of the exploitation and after mining closure, there should be an exhaustive applied reclamation plan of the mi More

Introduction: all steps of a mining project generally disturb the environment’s original condition during execution. Therefore from exploration until end of the exploitation and after mining closure, there should be an exhaustive applied reclamation plan of the mined land. Planting the suitable plant species in each step of any reclamation plan in this area is the goal of this research. In all type of post mining land use such as Agriculture, Pasture, Forestry, Tourist attraction, Wild life creation, selection and planting the appropriate plant species are the most essential requirements to implement a successful mined land reclamation plan. Material and Method: The Research methodology is selecting the plant species that is carried out on the basis of the primary factors which include type of Post mining land use, Climate, Nature of soil. The priority is defined between the selected species, based on of the secondary factors (Perspective of the region, resistance against disease and insects, strength and method of growth, availability to plant Species, Economic efficiency, Protection of soil and storing water, prevention from pollution) by a MCDM model. This model is implemented by FUZZY TOPSIS method. The mentioned procedure was applied in the Sungun Copper Mine in Iran. Decision making was executed on the basis of oral judgments and experts group opinions in the case study. Risults and Discution: The results have been consisted of maple, Ash, Barberry, Paliurus Spina –Christi, Oak, and Sloe respectively. All species are native. In parts that ground is damaged and also waste dump sites, are used Maple and Paliurus Spina –Christi and Sloe are stabilizers and compatible till field is prepared for planting residuary of plants.   Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Spectral discrimination of important orchard species using hyperspectral indices and artificial intelligence approaches
Mohsen Mirzaie Mozhgan Abbasi Safar Marofi Eisa Solgi Roohollah Karimi

Study spectral reflectance through spectral indices allows the optimal use of the wide range of spectral wavelengths in hyperspectral data. The purpose of this study was to introduce and evaluate the performance of spectral indices to discriminate dominant orchard speci More

Study spectral reflectance through spectral indices allows the optimal use of the wide range of spectral wavelengths in hyperspectral data. The purpose of this study was to introduce and evaluate the performance of spectral indices to discriminate dominant orchard species in Chaharmahal Bakhtiari province. In this study, 150 spectral curves were measured in the range of 350 to 2500 mm, from grapes, walnuts and almond trees. After the initial correction, 30 of the most important spectral indices were extracted. Analysis of variance and comparisons of meanings was applied to identify the optimal indices for species discrimination at a 99% confidence level. Then, an artificial neural network (ANN) and support vector machine (SVM) approaches were used to evaluate the performance of indices in species discrimination. ANOVA results indicated that the Moisture Stress Index (MSI), Band ratio at 1,200 nm, normalized phaepophytiniz index (NPQI) and cellulose absorption index (CAI) indices are optimal for discrimination of the studied species. The performance evaluation of the introduced indicators in some of the ANN and SVM enhancement structures has been associated with 100% accuracy in both education and testing, which shows the effectiveness of these studies in distinguishing orchard species. The performance evaluation of the introduced indicators has been validated at 100% in both training and testing stages. This result emphasizes the necessity of performing spectroscopic studies to separate the orchard species before analyzing the hyperspectral images due to their large data volume, high cost and huge data analysis. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Evaluation of fire effect on distribution of vegetation using ordination method, Case study: Bazzakhstan Strait in Kermanshah Province
saeideh karimi Hassan Pourbabaei Yahya Khodakarami

Fire is an inseparable part of most of the Zagros forest ecosystems, In order to investigate the effects of fire on the distribution of vegetation in part of Zagros forests, nine years after the fire in the early of the growing season of 2015, using a random-systematic More

Fire is an inseparable part of most of the Zagros forest ecosystems, In order to investigate the effects of fire on the distribution of vegetation in part of Zagros forests, nine years after the fire in the early of the growing season of 2015, using a random-systematic sampling method in each of the burned and control areas, 40 sampling plots with an area 8 m2 were taken .The type and percentage of herbaceous species were recorded using Van der Marel criterion. In this research, Detrended Corespondance Analysis method (DCA) was used to explore the distribution of species after the fire. The results of this study showed that most species are commonly encountered between burned and control areas, and only a few were limited to burned and control areas. In addition, the result of this analysis indicated that most species and sample plots are located in the center of the chart and in close proximity this indicates less alteration of the fire after nine years . According to the results, it can be stated that over time, many species have tended to their primary conditions in the environment. However, the fire can not be considered a safe factor to these forests, On the contrary, given the current situation and the importance of preserving and rehabilitation of the ecosystems in the Zagros forests, It is neccesary that in these forests a fire prevention and preventive policy be institutionalized through principled and rational solutions. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Plant behaviors in response to cold stress
maryam karimi alavijeh abdolkarim zarei

Environmental stresses are among the main factors limiting growth and reproduction of the plants. Cold stress is one of the most important environmental stresses which incurs serious losses to different plant products and is considered as a threat to sustainable plant p More

Environmental stresses are among the main factors limiting growth and reproduction of the plants. Cold stress is one of the most important environmental stresses which incurs serious losses to different plant products and is considered as a threat to sustainable plant production. A set of morphological, physiological, biochemical, and molecular changes that occur during the autumn acclimates plant species to the low winter temperatures. Investigation of cold tolerance mechanisms at the cellular levels is a vital step in genetic manipulations for the purpose of improving plants’ resistance against cold. The occurrence of sudden low temperatures either in early autumns or late springs incurs various damages to plants. Cold acclimation during the autumn is necessary for plants to tolerate the low temperatures in winter. Although the overall adaptive process through which plants become tolerant to the low temperature is similar, this phenomenon varies slightly according to the plant species and climate condition. Moreover, when experiencing cold stress, different plant organs show various degrees of injuries, which can be minimized following proper agricultural practices through plant reinforcement. In fact, in time strengthening of the plant and avoiding any stress source can minimize the cold stress damages to the plant. An overview of the causes of cold stress injuries and plant response mechanisms can be helpful in reducing a part of low temperature detrimental effects. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Responses of Herbaceous Species to Fire in Persian Oak (Quercus brantii) in Coppice Forests
Saeideh Karimi Hassan Pourbabaei Yahya Khodakarami

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Open Access Article

6 - Effect of Wheat Straw Biochar and Lignite on Nutritional Value of Nitraria schoberi and Astragalus podolobus in Greenhouse Condition
Seyyedeh Mohadeseh Ehsani Hamid Niknahad Gharmakher Javad Motamedi Mousa Akbarlou Esmaeil Sheidai Karkaj

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Open Access Article

7 - The Impact of Human Traffic on Vegetation Characteristics and Species Diversity in Vicinity of the Almagol Wetland in Northern Iran
Azita Mehrani Khosro Shahidi Hamedani Dara Shahidi Hamedani

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Open Access Article

8 - Biological Models for Protecting Different Land Use in Arid Areas China
G.A. Heshmati

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Open Access Article

9 - Estimation of the water requirement of several species of shrubs in the green space of Shiraz using the landscape plant factor
Majid Abasizadeh mohammad shokrollahzadeh

Today, the importance of water in maintaining life, especially in arid and semi-arid areas, is not hidden from anyone,.. There are various techniques to determine evaporation and transpiration, which include the use of empirical formulas, lysimeters, remote sensing and More

Today, the importance of water in maintaining life, especially in arid and semi-arid areas, is not hidden from anyone,.. There are various techniques to determine evaporation and transpiration, which include the use of empirical formulas, lysimeters, remote sensing and satellite methods. It is micro-climatic technologies and methods of using plant transpiration coefficient. This research started in April 2014 and was completed by the middle of September 2014. Studies were conducted on three species of bay leaf (Laurus nobilis L.), rosemary (Rosmarinus officinalis L.) and oleander (Nerium oleander L.) located in the parks and boulevards of all 9 districts of Shiraz municipality. To calculate the rate of evaporation and transpiration of the target plant, first the rate of evaporation and transpiration of the reference plant was calculated using the data of the Shiraz synoptic station and the standard Penman-Mantis-FAO method, and then the coefficient (KL) was calculated based on the California method. This coefficient is the key factor in estimating the water requirement of green space. The highest rate of reference evaporation and transpiration is related to the months of August and July, respectively, and the lowest is related to the months of Bahman and January. . The highest water requirement is between June and October. In order to solve a large part of the lack of water resources mentioned, methods such as recycling and reuse of returned water, using non-conventional water sources (sewage, sewage, gray water, etc.) and surface water and runoff are suggested as solutions. Manuscript profile

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