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Open Access Article
1 - Determining the model of factors affecting the adaptability of wheat farmers in mehran city in exposure to the particulate matter
mohammad sharifi alireza poursaed hamed chaharsoughi amin marjan vahediThe purpose of this study was to design an adaptive capacity model of wheat farmers in Mehran city in confronting with particulate matter and its effective factors. The statistical population included wheat farmers in Mehran city including 315 people for 14,500 hectares MoreThe purpose of this study was to design an adaptive capacity model of wheat farmers in Mehran city in confronting with particulate matter and its effective factors. The statistical population included wheat farmers in Mehran city including 315 people for 14,500 hectares of wheat lands. The sample size was estimated 173 of wheat farmers using the Cochran formula which increased to 180 to enhance the accuracy of the calculation. The random sampling method was used. The collected data were analyzed using SPSS and AMOS software. Bootstraping technique was used to evaluate the significance of path coefficients. Educational-extension mechanism (path coefficient = 0.446 and t-value = 3.409) and agronomic mechanism (path coefficient = 0.428 and t-value = 2.470) show a significant effect on adaptation to fine dust phenomenon have given. While the effect of managerial mechanism (path coefficient = 0.153 and t-value = 1.391), technical mechanism (path coefficient = 0.118 and t-value = 0.637) in this regard was not significant. Factors such as lack or lack of awareness, education and communication and extension weakness, conducting research without considering the adaptation and needs assessment and not simplifying their results for farmers, not considering the required credit and capital, not paying attention to adaptation to the phenomenon of fine dust. As a necessity, the lack of infrastructure to pave the way for implementation of activities compatible with the phenomenon of fine dust and the disproportionate tariffs for agricultural insurance can play a significant role in the non-significance of these mechanisms. However, the structure of adaptation to the fine dust phenomenon directly and the mechanisms related to it indirectly had very significant and significant effects on the adaptability. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Evaluatin of Deterministic and Geostatistics Methods for Particulate Matter Concentration (PM2.5 and PM10) Zoning Using GIS: case study, Sabzevar City
Seyed Ali Sajjadi Mehri Delsouz Ghasem Zolfaghari Mohsen Mir Mohammadi Hamed AdabBackground and Objectives: Nowadays, people’s life is at risk because of various pollutants into the atmosphere by human action and biological activities. One of the major air pollutants are particulate matter. The aim of this study was to evaluate spatial interpo MoreBackground and Objectives: Nowadays, people’s life is at risk because of various pollutants into the atmosphere by human action and biological activities. One of the major air pollutants are particulate matter. The aim of this study was to evaluate spatial interpolation methods to determine the concentration PM2.5 and PM10 in Sabzevar city and select the most suitable interpolation method for preparation of zoning maps particulate matter in GIS. Materials and Methods: Particulate matter were measured by a monitoring device, environmental dust model Haz-Dust EPAM 5000 at 48 stations in the city, then in ARC GIS software three well-known spatial interpolation techniques, namely Kriging, Inverse Distance Weighting (IDW) were applied for generating the prediction maps. Finally the best interpolation method was chosen according to the values of each algorithm error. Findings: The results indicated that the RMS was lower between geostatistical and deterministic methods, and the MAPE in deterministic methods was lower. Discussion and Conclusion: The best interpolation method for the particulate matter (PM2.5 and PM10) was deterministic method by IDW function. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Assessment of Environmental Pollutant Particles PM10 and PM2.5 with Air Quality Index Method (Case Study: Tehran Industrial Cement Complex)
Reza Karimi Ghoozlou Aida Ahmadi Madjid Abbaspour Nostatollan AbbaszadehBackground and Objective: Considering the importance of cement industries in the country's economic growth and its effect on emissions of air pollutants (particulate matter); in this research, the effects of Tehran cement factory on the environmental of the region have MoreBackground and Objective: Considering the importance of cement industries in the country's economic growth and its effect on emissions of air pollutants (particulate matter); in this research, the effects of Tehran cement factory on the environmental of the region have been investigated. The main purpose of this study is an assessment of environmental pollutant particles with air quality index in 2016 in Tehran Industrial Cement Complex. Material and Methodology: In this study, the particulate matter PM10 and PM2.5, was measured during a one-year period (2016), in four different seasons. To measure dust particles in the ambient air of the device is used gauge 531 MET ONE GT TSI Manufacturing Co and it has the ability to measure particles with PM10, PM2.5, PM7, and PM1. The next 8530 TSI Dust Trak II counterparty bombing device is a desktop dust-removing device that has the capability to record data. The samples were taken at 6 measuring stations in the Tehran Cement Industrial Complex, and finally, the results were evaluated as a seasonal AQI. In AQI method, which is one of the most widely used methods for assessing the air quality, at first, the pollution index is measured at a station and then determined at all stations as the highest index of contamination quality.Findings: The first finding from the present study was that the pollutant responsible for the whole spring station was a refinery, which is classified as clean. The other pollutant responsible for the entire summer stations related to the road toll (Healthy classification), Responsible pollutant for the entire autumn season station area (unhealthy classification for sensitive groups), and Responsible pollutant for the whole winter season is related to residential buildings (Healthy Classification). So the most polluting plants or four different seasons of the year is autumn PM2.5.Discussion and Conclusions: So the state of air quality with an average concentration of 106.2 mg/m3 in the Tehran cement industry classified as unhealthy for sensitive groups and were characterized by the orange color. Finally, suggestions are made to reduce particulate emissions in the industrial area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Modeling of air particulate matter in the city of Isfahan with the use of IDW and Cokriging methods
sahar heidari Asl Hossein Moradi Mohsen SoleimaniBackground and Objective: Isfahan is one of the most contaminated cities in Iran due to its special geographical conditions, topography and proliferation of pollutants. Industries, traffic, domestic and commercial pollutants are considered the main sources of air pollut MoreBackground and Objective: Isfahan is one of the most contaminated cities in Iran due to its special geographical conditions, topography and proliferation of pollutants. Industries, traffic, domestic and commercial pollutants are considered the main sources of air pollutants in Isfahan. The methods used to predict and estimate air pollution are methods interpolation. The aim of this study is to investigate the scattering patterns and modeling of particular matter PM2.5 and PM10 in the city of Isfahan using interpolation IDW and Cokriging methods. Material and Methodology: in this study, the concentration of PM2.5 and PM10 pollutants in winter and summer of 2018 were measured at 137 points of urban area and in linear path by portable device measurement of air pollution (CEM model). Zoning maps for each pollutant in the cold and hot season were in Arc GIS 10.6 environment. In order to verify the accuracy of 30% of the data, the RMSE in both methods was compared. Findings: the result of pollutants distribution with important emission sources, such as high traffic areas and close areas were consistent with the zayanderood river route. Cokriging method has better performance than IDW method in values of RMSE, although in the validation process, there was little difference between fitting the IDW and Cokriging methods. Discussion and Conclusion: in the zoning maps, hot spots of pollution (maximum concentration) were observed in central regions of the study area, which is a major contribution to most of the vehicles around the city. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Investigation of PM2.5 Adsorption on Car Filters and Improvement of Their Adsorption Quality Using Polymeric and Composite Nanofibers
Mohammad Hassan Amini Mitra Mohammadzadeh AhaniBackground and Objective: Particulate matter is one of the main air pollutants, especially in developing countries. Due to their small diameter, some of these particles are absorbed by the body and eventually entered the human circulatory or respiratory system. Since in MoreBackground and Objective: Particulate matter is one of the main air pollutants, especially in developing countries. Due to their small diameter, some of these particles are absorbed by the body and eventually entered the human circulatory or respiratory system. Since incomplete combustion of fuels are the main source of particulate matter, car occupants are particularly exposed to this pollution, especially in large city traffic. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the commercial filters in various vehicles in terms of the absorption of particulate matter less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5). Then polyacrylonitrile nanofiber and its composite with nano-chitosan were used to improve the ability to remove suspended particles by these filters . Material and Methodology: First, a system was designed and built in the laboratory to measure the adsorption efficiency of PM2.5 and the pressure drop of filters. Then, six samples of various commercial cabin air filters and engine air filters were prepared and their PM2.5 adsorption was measured. The polymeric and composite nanofiber filters were made and their efficiency was investigated and finally, the results were compared. Findings: For commercial engine air filters, the PM 2.5 adsorption was equal to zero and the absorption by cabin air filters was measured in the range of 5-8.33%. The adsorption was measured respectively 97 and 95% by polyacrylonitrile nanofiber and polyacrylonitrile composite nanofiber filter with nanochitosan . Discussion and Conclusion: This study showed that the car filters were not able to remove PM2.5 but the polyacrylonitrile nanofiber filters were able to remove 95-97% of PM2.5. Therefore, by adding a layer of Nano-fiber introduced in this study to car filters, especially cabin filters, the PM2.5 removal efficiency can be improved, thus clean air is provided for car occupants. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Measuring the Concentration of Pollutant Particles PM2.5 and PM10 in Indoor Air of the Tehran International Exhibitions Company (TIEC)
davoud adieh reza amirnezhad gholamreza Farid Fahimi Keyvan Saeb aptin rahnavardOne of the most significant human health risks is the pollution of enclosed spaces. The high density of people and the variety of products available in exhibition halls make them perfect locations for the accumulation of polluting particles. Air pollutants are mixtures MoreOne of the most significant human health risks is the pollution of enclosed spaces. The high density of people and the variety of products available in exhibition halls make them perfect locations for the accumulation of polluting particles. Air pollutants are mixtures of suspended solids and liquids in the air, which vary in size, shape, and chemical composition.This study was conducted to measure PM2.5 and PM10 pollutants particles in four seasons consecutively throughout the year in Hall No. 38 of the Tehran International Exhibitions Company (TIEC). This goal was achieved by establishing an (SKC) air sampling pump at breathing height and comparing the results with the standard 24-hour analysis. According to the results, the average PM10 value in the autumn season was 160.8 µg cm-3, which was reported as higher than the standard 24-hour exposure value. There was also a maximum measured value of 198 µg cm-3 of PM10 during the mentioned season. The findings showed that the average PM2.5 value in the same season was 38 µg cm-3, which was reported as higher than the standard 24-hour exposure value (35 µg cm-3).It was mainly the effect of outdoor air quality on the indoor air in halls and the heating system that contributed to the increase in particulate matter in the autumn. According to the studies, it was found that outdoor and indoor air in halls is directly related. Therefore, Tehran Exhibition halls and other similar sites should continually monitor the level of air pollutants to reduce their health effects. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - The Role of selected plants planted in the green spaces of Tehran city for removing Air particulated matters
Elham Rajabbeigi Seyed Mohammad Jafari Ramin Erfanian SalimAim: Particulate matters are among the most important air pollutants in urban environment which cause heart and respiratory diseases. Plants play a major role in aerosol removal. In this study, some of important shrub species of urban green space were investigated for t MoreAim: Particulate matters are among the most important air pollutants in urban environment which cause heart and respiratory diseases. Plants play a major role in aerosol removal. In this study, some of important shrub species of urban green space were investigated for their ability of reducing air particulate matter pollutants.Material and Methods: In present study, effect of five shrub species (including privet, oleander, barberry, cotoneaster, Spindle tree), which most planted in Tehran city and their roles to aerosol sedimentation, was investigated. Therefore, leaf surface pollutants were collected and weighed and evaluated relative to the leaf surface. Results: The results showed that barberry collects pollutants more than other mentioned plants, while the efficiency of oleander is less than other species. Conclusion: It seems that the morphology of plant leaves is effective in pollutant absorption. In addition, the amount of aerosol in air can affect the efficiency and absorption of suspended particles. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Evaluation of environmental sustainability in urban areas with the approach of fine dust problem using multi-criteria decision making technique of linear allocation and artificial neural network (case study: Ahvaz)
yahya abdolkarim neysi Mohammad Ebrahim Afifi marzeyeeh mogholiEnvironmental sustainability assessment is one of the most important tools in the process of sustainable development planning and therefore attention to it in policy-making and planning is inevitable. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the environmental sustainabi MoreEnvironmental sustainability assessment is one of the most important tools in the process of sustainable development planning and therefore attention to it in policy-making and planning is inevitable. The purpose of this paper is to evaluate the environmental sustainability in urban areas with the approach of the dust problem using multi-criteria decision-making technique of linear allocation and artificial neural network in Ahvaz metropolis. In this research, first, by studying the theoretical foundations of the research, the criteria that are effective for environmental sustainability were identified. Then, the documentary and library method and referring to different departments and organizations were used to collect information in the theoretical part. However, the main information of the research was collected using field studies (completing questionnaires, observations and field studies). The research process was such that a questionnaire was designed to implement the methodology through the criteria obtained from the study of the problem literature and distributed among the people in 8 regions by stratified random sampling method. The sample size of the total areas was determined based on the unlimited Cochran's formula in the form of population classes of the areas. Keywords: Environmental stability, particulate matter, linear allocation, artificial neural network, Ahvaz Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Investigation the potential of MODIS and Sentinel 5 sensors in estimating the amount of air aerosols (A Case Study: Khuzestan Province)
Hamidreza Ghafarian aboozar kiani فهیمه ARABI ALI ABADAir pollutants in Iran's metropolitan areas are among the serious challenges for managers, which also threatens the health of citizens. Monitoring air pollution is an important task in public health. Also, the unavailability of ground station data is often prevented due MoreAir pollutants in Iran's metropolitan areas are among the serious challenges for managers, which also threatens the health of citizens. Monitoring air pollution is an important task in public health. Also, the unavailability of ground station data is often prevented due to the lack of network of ground monitoring stations to know the exact amount of air pollution in different parts of the country. Therefore, the use of remote sensing images in continuous monitoring of air pollutants due to their low cost and low manpower, will be appropriate and cost-effective. In this research, Sentinel 5 satellite images and MODIS sensors have been used for analytical study to detect the average trend of changes and spatial distribution of dust in Khuzestan province. The aim of this study was to use relatively high-resolution satellite data for local monitoring of air quality/air pollution and to investigate the relationship between Sentinel and MODIS image sensors. Findings indicate significant amounts of AOD in several parts of the study area such as Ahvaz, Abadan, Khorramshahr, BandarMahshahr and Bavi. Also, a small amount of fine dust is seen in the southeastern, eastern and northeastern cities of the province. According to the results of this research, as we move from the southeast, east and northeast and move towards the southern and western parts of the province, the amount of fine dust increases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Explanation the Interaction of the Physical Characteristics of High-rise Buildings on Distribution of Pollutant Particles due to the Natural Air Flow (Case Study: District 1 of Tehran)
TinaSadat Sadrolgharavi Mahnaz Mahmodi Zrandi fatemeh mehdizadeh serajThe increasing population and the construction of high-rise buildings have multiplied the environmental pollution in cities. On the other hand, people are more likely to use open urban environments to meet their biological needs. In this regard, various factors such as MoreThe increasing population and the construction of high-rise buildings have multiplied the environmental pollution in cities. On the other hand, people are more likely to use open urban environments to meet their biological needs. In this regard, various factors such as forms, heights and green facade of buildings and the presence of continuous stream of wind can play a significant role in the distribution of pollutant particles. The present study aimed to investigate the effect of the forms and heights of high-rise residential buildings on the distribution of pollutant particles, by recognizing district one of Tehran's urban air flow. To this, a library research method was used to collect information, analytical-descriptive as well as computer simulation with Envi-met software and ANSYS to select the appropriate model. According to the modeling done for the nine different types of building with different forms and heights, it was concluded that changing these factors in residential building on the air flow Natural and wind speeds affect thus affect the distribution of particulate matter. In this study, the results of modeling show the residual amount of particulate matter around 9 tall building models, of which the square shape with 20-degree height in the specified position is more suitable than other options. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Risk Assessment of Heavy Metal in Ambient Air (Case Study : Ahvaz,Iran)
Rohallah Alidadi nabiollah Mansouri AmirHooman Hemmasi Seyed Alireza Mirzahosseini
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