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Open Access Article
1 - Monitoring of chlorophyll-A, organic carbon, salinity and water surface temperature off the coast of Sistan and Baluchestan using remote sensing data
Elham Shahri Mohammad Hossein Sayadi Elham YousefiBackground and Objective The seas and oceans play an important role in climate conditions as well as climate change. In addition, physical and biological phenomena are among the most important factors affecting the chemistry and environment of the sea. Therefore, it is MoreBackground and Objective The seas and oceans play an important role in climate conditions as well as climate change. In addition, physical and biological phenomena are among the most important factors affecting the chemistry and environment of the sea. Therefore, it is important to know the physical processes that govern the seas and oceans, as well as the correlation between these properties and biological properties. Remote sensing algorithms use a close range of blue, green, yellow, red, and infrared, so monitoring of chlorophyll-A, the phytoplankton pigment of oceanic and coastal waters, can be measured and evaluated using state-of-the-art remote sensing technology.Materials and Methods In this study, the capability of remote sensing methods has been used to investigate the status of coastal water quality characteristics of Sistan and Baluchestan provinces. For this purpose, the status of chlorophyll-A has been used using OC3 bio-optical algorithms in ENVI as well as the predecessors of the Google Earth Engine platform. Google Earth Engine is an open-source spatial analysis platform that enables users to visualize and analyze planetary satellite images. Using this system, various spectral processes can be performed on different surface phenomena with different satellite data. It is also possible to perform calculations on large volumes of data without the need for high-power systems. The salinity parameter of MIRAS's SMOS satellite was used in SNAP software to investigate the parameters of chlorophyll, temperature, and organic carbon using Terra's MODIS satellite images. The time to be studied in the images used and field sampling is May 2020. In order to extract the concentration of chlorophyll-A, bio-optical algorithms based on blue and green bands (OC3) were used in ENVI software. Bio-optical models combine optical measurements of reflection or radiation with biological parameters such as chlorophyll concentration, water quality, and more. Water temperature is one of the most important factors in the life of the sea, so those marine animals can survive and reproduce only in a certain range of water temperatures. Therefore, phytoplankton is very sensitive to changes in water temperature and react to temperature. Water level can determine their frequency and distribution. In this study, the product MIR_OSUDP2 of the SMOS satellite of MIRAS on 3rd of May 2020, for the study area from https://smos-diss.eo.esa.int/ was used.Results and Discussion The results showed that the amount of chlorophyll-A is higher along the shores and the stations near Joud and the estuary has a higher concentration of chlorophyll-A. The results showed the outputs of two different methods for estimating chlorophyll-A in the study area are similar. Also, according to the results, it is clear that the amount of chlorophyll-A has increased in Chabahar, Konarak, Jude, and Goater stations in recent years. In Chabahar and Konarak regions, this increase has been significant for ten years, and the sudden increase in chlorophyll in recent years in field stations requires more studies to identify the causes and should be considered. The chart below shows the rate of change in chlorophyll-A from 2019 to 2020. According to the results, the amount of organic carbon follows the amount of chlorophyll-A and in areas such as Chabahar and Konarak we see higher levels of organic carbon. Also, the highest increase in temperature in all three periods studied was in Chabahar and Konarak ports, of which human activities are one of the main factors. Also, by examining the ten-year trend, increasing temperature changes can be seen in the ports of Maidan and Jude. The general trend of temperature is decreasing to the east as expected because it is closer to open waters. Seasons when water temperatures are lower, chlorophyll-A levels are higher. Chlorophyll-A map output results by ENVI software and Google Earth Engine platform, chlorophyll-A concentrations were higher in autumn and winter than in spring and summer, high chlorophyll-A-concentrations are common in cold tropical and subtropical seasons. Also, the concentration of chlorophyll-A in the study areas along the coast is higher than the offshore areas, which is related to the chlorophyll-A harvesting algorithm in type 1 waters; In other words, coastal areas have more value than offshore areas due to shallow depth, high turbidity and suspended sediments. Because there is no river discharge in this area, these areas are mostly affected by hydrodynamic processes such as wind direction and sea currents. The lowest chlorophyll-A concentrations were observed in the region from May to September, which was contrary to fluctuations in water surface temperature, which could be due to rising currents. The amount of organic carbon is one of the most important factors for evaluating the performance of aquatic ecosystems, which determines the potential of ecosystems for fishery products; The results of the study of organic carbon showed that the amount of organic carbon as chlorophyll-A in the two seasons of autumn and winter was higher than spring and summer so that the trend of changes in organic carbon also followed the trend of changes in chlorophyll-A. There is a correlation between temperature fluctuations and chlorophyll-A, this correlation indicates the importance of water surface temperature in changes in the growth rate of phytoplankton as one of the climatic factors and has made the most important parameter affecting chlorophyll-A, water surface temperature. According to the obtained results, the trend of temperature changes in the last ten years is increasing and the hottest stations are Chabahar and Konarak stations. In terms of salinity, areas with lower salinity had higher chlorophyll-A levels. Comparison of the data obtained from this study with the above indicates that the range of recorded fluctuations of the quality parameters studied in the natural waters of the region and is consistent with similar studies in the study area by other experts.Conclusion The results of this study show the acceptable accuracy of the results compared to the data of similar researchers in addition to the speed and ease of the method. Therefore, with the help of remote sensing science, timely monitoring of the quality parameters of water areas can prevent major crises and save time and money, problems that may be irreversible if they occur. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - بررسی تنوع مورفولوژیک در جمعیت های مختلف ساردین سندی موجود در خلیج فارس و دریای عمان
پرستو رحیمی سهراب رضوانی پرگل قوام مصطفوی شهلا جمیلیInroduction and Objective: Sardines and other microfilidae have very important ecological role in marine ecosystems because they are first consumers in marine food chain and they are the main food of valuable species as tuna. So decries in their population will decline MoreInroduction and Objective: Sardines and other microfilidae have very important ecological role in marine ecosystems because they are first consumers in marine food chain and they are the main food of valuable species as tuna. So decries in their population will decline fishing of these spices. There are 10 genus of Cloupeidae in south of Iran and Sardinella sindensis is the one of the most abundant of them. In this study we investigated about morphological differences in population of this speciesMaterials and Methods: About 63 specimens from three regions of its distribution: Jask (Oman sea), Qeshm ( Hormoz ) and Lengeh (Pearsian golf) have been collected. Morphological research of their characters and statistical studies were done with One-way ANOVA and MANOVA.Results: Statistical studies show a meaningful morphological difference between characters and also a cline from Lengeh to Jask port which might be a result of creation of subpopulation in this fish. Post- hoc analysis show that in all characters jask has a meaningful different with gheshm and lengeh. On the base of Perinciple component TL, FL,StL, BD and SL play more important role in diversity in 3 region.Regarding to claster analysis we unrestood that the population of 3 region are seprated from the each other.Conclusion: Such a situation might be result of Monsoon, Upwelling and better weather which occur in Oman Sea in spite of Persion golf . So this might be an aspect of creation of sub population in Sardinellasindensis in Persian golf and Oman Sea. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The Morphological Changes in the Sagittae Otoliths of White Sardine’s (Sardinella albella) Population in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea
Parasto RahimiInroduction & Objective: Otoliths or ear stones related to balance, movement and hearing. Otoliths are used to determine the age of a considered as an indicator. Growth layers are produced daily at regular intervals setting and natural conditions but environmental fluct MoreInroduction & Objective: Otoliths or ear stones related to balance, movement and hearing. Otoliths are used to determine the age of a considered as an indicator. Growth layers are produced daily at regular intervals setting and natural conditions but environmental fluctuations such as nutrition, activity and thermal changes affect on it. Sardine fishing areas along the southern coast of Iran are along the port of Jask in Hormozgan province East to Bandar Kangan in the eastern part of the province Boshehr. Due to wide dispersal and diverse environments of this species, the variation in morphology of otoliths is not unexpected. The aim of this study was to investigate possible variations in the structure of sagittae otoliths in fish distribution in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea.Material and MethodDuring the winter and spring 2011 and 2012 63 sample of white Sardines were captured from 3 sites ,Jask area, Qeshm and Lengeh. After biometric studies the left and right sagittae otoliths were extracted and examined. The captured datas were be examined by one way ANOVA and multivariate analysis of variance MANOVA.Results: Statistical analysis traits not found significant differences between the three regions. These results were also confirmed by test post-hoc and Claster analysis. Although some degree of separation between the three regions was observed, but the overlap was more than distinguishing three regions from each other. Conclusions:No significant differences in morphological otoliths in the three region of sampeling can confirms that the population of this species in three sampling sitesare related with each other and mixing took place due to lack of significant differences in this trait is . Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Molecular Phylogeny of King soldier bream (Argyrops spinifer) in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea (Bandar Boushehr, Bandar Abbas , Bandar Chabahar)
shirin valipour Pargol Ghavam Mostafavi Mohammadhassan Shahhosseiny Farhad KaymaramInroduction & Objective: King soldier bream is one of the species of family Sparidae, which is commercially and ecologically very important in the Iranian waters of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. The species of this family are morphologically very similar to each ot MoreInroduction & Objective: King soldier bream is one of the species of family Sparidae, which is commercially and ecologically very important in the Iranian waters of the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. The species of this family are morphologically very similar to each other and they may be mistakenly known as another species. Therefore, molecular identification of them has to be considered. Materials and Methods: In this study, the phylogenetic relationship of king soldier bream fish based on mitochondrial region(CO1) was investigated using DNA sequencing method. For this purpose, 90 samples were collected from the soft tissue of the caudal fin using Ammonium acetate, and its quantity and quality were determined by Spectrophotometry and Electrophoresis. Optimal DNA samples for Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) and sequencing were examined. After gene amplification and sequencing, Bio Edit version 7.0.1, BLAST, MEGA 7.0.2 and DnaSP 5.10.01 software were used to draw phylogenetic trees. Results: Based on the phylogenetic tree obtained from the sequences, king soldier bream was divided into two main branches in Bandar Abbas, Bandar Bushehr and Bandar Chabahar areas. All samples of the first branch showed a sister relationship with the second branch and all the samples of branches one and two showed sisterhood with samples KJ012292 and kJ012291 from the Gene Bank in Italy with 82, 67 and 86% accuracy. Conclusion: The results can provide useful information on the conservation and management programs, for the preservation, revitalization, and resource of the population this valuable species. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Use of Intestinal Tissue of Pomadasys kaakan and Lutjanus johnii as Biomarkers of Contamination in The Oman Sea
parvin sadeghi mohammad mansour Tootooni sima molaeiInroduction & Objective: Tissue lesions is one of the reliable biomarkers of present contaminants in aquatic environments and aquatic body. The aim of the present study was to investigate the histopathology of intestine tissue as a marker of environmental contaminat MoreInroduction & Objective: Tissue lesions is one of the reliable biomarkers of present contaminants in aquatic environments and aquatic body. The aim of the present study was to investigate the histopathology of intestine tissue as a marker of environmental contamination in Pomadasys kaakan and Lutjanus johnii in the Oman Sea. Material and Methods:Nine Pomadasys kaakan (average length 35.5±4.35 cm and mean total weight 512.6±58.5g) and 9 Lutjanus johnii (mean length 22.5±3.41 cm and mean total weight (205.6±22 g) of the three stations of Konarak, HaftTir and Ramin were caught using by gillnet in winter 2016. The intestine tissue of fish was separated and fixed in Bowen's solution to observe the type and severity of tissue lesions. After routine histological procedures, 5 microns thick sections of intestinal tissue were prepared using microtome cutting device and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. Then, tissue lesions were evaluated using a light microscope equipped with a digital camera. Results: Lesions such as necrosis, pyknotic nuclei formation, hemorrhage, vacuolation, hyperplasia and cell swelling were observed in fish intestine tissue at the studied stations. The lowest tissue lesions were observed in fish caught at the Konarak and Ramin stations and the highest at Haft Tir station. Conclusion: Which could be due to the increased traffic and catching of fishing boats, cargo ships and commercial vessels in the semi-closed waters of these harbours Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Gatan Mud Volcanoes, Oman Sea Coast in Southwestern Hormozgan, Iran
Mohammadsadegh Dehghanian Zahra Abedpour Seyed Mohammad MirhosseiniIran's mud volcanoes are clearly visible on the coastal plains of the Oman and Caspian Seas. There are 30 Gatan Mud Volcanoes located in the southeast of Iran: 15 of which are located between Jask and Minab in Hormozgan province, nine are between Chabahar and Jask Ports MoreIran's mud volcanoes are clearly visible on the coastal plains of the Oman and Caspian Seas. There are 30 Gatan Mud Volcanoes located in the southeast of Iran: 15 of which are located between Jask and Minab in Hormozgan province, nine are between Chabahar and Jask Ports, and another six are between Chabahar and the Iran-Pakistan border in Sistan and Balouchestan Province. After some studies and investigations, research was performed on some of the mud volcanoes in the western Jask city located in the west of lower Gatan village. Gatan is located in the eastern coast of Hormozgan Province between the counties of Jask and Minab and on the coastal region of Makran. Being located on the entrance of the Strait of Hormuz and due to marine currents, it has certain sedimentology circumstances. Formation of Gatan Mud Volcanoes is a result of rising muddy water along the faults and cracks in the crust to the earth's surface. Results of mineralogical studies indicate that clay and limestone samples contain fossils and abundant minerals include quartz, albite, illite, calcite and dolomite. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Genetic comparison of Persian Gulf and Oman Sea populations of the Cobia, Rachycentron canadum by means of microsatellite technique
M.A. Salari Aliabadi S. Rezvani Gilkolaei A. Savari H. Zolgharnian S.M.B. Nabavi In this study genetic diversity of Cobia, Rachycentron canadum populations were assessed using microsatellite technique in the northern coasts of Persian Gulf (Booshehr, Dayer Port, Lengeh Port & Ban More In this study genetic diversity of Cobia, Rachycentron canadum populations were assessed using microsatellite technique in the northern coasts of Persian Gulf (Booshehr, Dayer Port, Lengeh Port & Bandarabass) and Oman Sea (Pozm & Beris of Chabahar). Polymerase chain reactions (PCR) were conducted on the target DNA using 10 paired microsatellite primers. PCR products were electrophoresed on polyacrylamid gels (8%) that were stained using silver nitrate. Diagram of genetic distance was calculated using the UPGMA method in TFPGA version 1.3 for any level of the hierarchy. The results showed that the mean of observed and effective allele number was 12.357 and 8.319 respectively. Mean observed and expected heterozygosity was 0.655 and 0.874 respectively. Based on Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA) the highest Fst (0.063) was observed when comparing specimens from Dayer Port zone and Pozm of Chabahar zone (Nm=3.7). The highest genetic distance (0.815) was observed between specimens from Dayer Port zone and Beris of Chabahar zone. The result obtained from the present study shows that at least 3 different population of R. canadum are found in the northern coasts of Persian Gulf and Oman Sea, which are including: Booshehr region population, Bandarabass region population, and Chabahar region population. Specific markers were also identified for of the Booshehr zone population identified. The Booshehr population zone can be identified using primers Rca 1B-E08A, Rca 1B-F07, Rca 1B-H09 and Rca 1-A04. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Health risk assessment of some toxic trace metals in captured shrimps from the northern coasts of Oman Sea
A. Gholamhosseini N. Shiry Siyavash Soltanian M. AliHeavy metals contamination is one of the most serious problems around the world. Regarding the increasing trend of the tendency for seafood consuming in Iran, assurance to the health of these foods would be of great concern for the consumers. Accordingly, the present st MoreHeavy metals contamination is one of the most serious problems around the world. Regarding the increasing trend of the tendency for seafood consuming in Iran, assurance to the health of these foods would be of great concern for the consumers. Accordingly, the present study was conducted in order to assess the concentrations of some toxic metals in the captured shrimps from the northern coasts of Oman sea as well as to investigate their health risk for the eaters. For this purpose, 40 samples were obtained at two times from each station (Hormoz, Jask, and Chabahar). Samples preparation and measuring of heavy metals (Cr, Pb, Zn, Cd, and Ni) have been accomplished via wet digestion method and atomic emission spectroscopy (AES), respectively. Results showed a significant difference (P<0.05) was observed between the cadmium concentrations of shrimps captured from Jask port (0.08 µg/g) with Strait of Hormuz (0.022 µg/g) and Chabahar Bay (0.021 µg/g) samples. Moreover, white Indian shrimp (Fenneropenaeus indicus) contained significantly (P<0.05) more cadmium residues (0.448 µg/g) than other species including Jinga (Metapenaeus affinis), kiddi (Parapenaeopsis stylifera), and banana shrimp (F. merguiensis). Heavy metals contents in all shrimp samples were below the acceptance limit of WHO and FAO standards. Furthermore, total THQ for children (0.258) and adults (0.147) were found less than 1. Consequently, continuous and even daily consumption of the Oman sea shrimps is not a health hazard for the consumers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Scientometric study of Iranian Marine Science researchers’ outputs on three water Bodies Caspian Sea, Persian Gulf and Oman Sea in Web of Science during 1992 to 2013
Masoumeh Dalvand Maryam Keshvari Homira AgahPurpose: The aim of this study is investigating Iranian marine science outputs based on Science Citation Index-Expanded published by the Thomson Reuters and determination of the co-authorship Iranian marine researchers related to scientific outputs between 1992 to MorePurpose: The aim of this study is investigating Iranian marine science outputs based on Science Citation Index-Expanded published by the Thomson Reuters and determination of the co-authorship Iranian marine researchers related to scientific outputs between 1992 to 2013 on three water bodies Caspian Sea, Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. Methodology: Scientometrics indicators were used. The data were extracted in plain text format from SCIE, analyzed using HistCite software and counted in MS office Excel program. Findings: The results of this study demonstrated that 749 scientific documents were recorded in the SCI by Iranian marine researchers during 1992-2013, which are consisted of 323, 368 and 58 documents relevant to the Caspian Sea, Persian Gulf and Oman Sea, respectively. The highest participation rate belonged to the documents with three or five authors, While the highest co-authorship rate (99%) in the three water bodies occurred in 2013. Our study on the three water bodies data based on Bradford’s and Lotka’s laws indicated the rejection of Lotka’s laws and confirming Bradford’s rule. Among the three water bodies during the study period, the Caspian water basin allocated the highest authors (819) and authors with highest publications (17 papers). Our findings demonstrated that Malaysian and German authors took the leading position of participation (48%) with Iranian researchers in scientific marine productions. Iranian Journal of Fisheries Sciences allocated the highest number of Iranian marine science output in comparing with other studied journals. Conclusion: The literature and co-authorship factor on the Caspian Sea, Persian Gulf and Oman Sea have grown exponentially during the sutdy period. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - The Effect of Cold and Warm Seasons on Accumulation of Nickel, Cadmium and Lead in Muscle of Acanthopagrus latus and Platycephalus indicus from Oman Sea (Chabahar)
E. Shahri M. VelayatzadehThis study was done in order to determine the concentration of heavy metals Nickle, Cadmium and Lead in the muscle of Acanthopagrus latus and Platycephalus indicus from Oman Sea (Chabahar Bay) in spring, summer and fall of 2013. In this study 48 samples of fishes were o MoreThis study was done in order to determine the concentration of heavy metals Nickle, Cadmium and Lead in the muscle of Acanthopagrus latus and Platycephalus indicus from Oman Sea (Chabahar Bay) in spring, summer and fall of 2013. In this study 48 samples of fishes were obtained from coastal and marine regions of Oman Sea (Chabahar Bay). Metals were extracted from the tissues using wet digestion method and concentration of heavy metals were measured by Younglin AAS8020 Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. The highest concentration of Cd, Pb and Ni were found in the muscle of Platycephalus indicus which were 0.052±0.02, 0.047±0.02 and 1.768±0.96 mg kg-1. The lowest concentration of Cd, Pb and Ni were obtained in the muscle of Acanthopagrus latus which were 0.019±0.01, 0.010±0.01 and 0.466±0.02 mg kg-1. Concentration of Cd, Pb and Ni in the two fishes from coastal zone was higher than marine area. Concentration of heavy metals in the muscle of Acanthopagrus latus and Platycephalus indicus in summer was higher than spring and fall. Concentration of Ni in the two fishes was higher than Cd and Pb. Concentration of Cd and Pb in the muscle of Platycephalus indicus from coastal and marine zone in spring, summer and fall was higher than Acanthopagrus latus, but concentration of Ni in the muscle of Acanthopagrus latus was higher than Platycephalus indicus. Concentration of Cd and Pb was lower in comparison with levels recommended by FAO, WHO, UKMAFF, NHMRC and FDA, but concentration of Ni was higher in comparison with international standards. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Investigation of Morphometric Characteristics of Sagitta Otolith inFour Species of Fishes in the Coral Reefs of Persian Gulf and Oman Sea
.N Javadzadeh حدیده Maboudi . M.T AzhirThis study aimed to Comparison of morphometric characteristics of otolith in Lutjanus lutjanusLutjanus malabaricusLutjanus erythropterusPomacanthus asfur in the coral reefs of Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. Sampling lasted from March 2014 to April 2015. During this period 6 MoreThis study aimed to Comparison of morphometric characteristics of otolith in Lutjanus lutjanusLutjanus malabaricusLutjanus erythropterusPomacanthus asfur in the coral reefs of Persian Gulf and Oman Sea. Sampling lasted from March 2014 to April 2015. During this period 6 specimens of Lutjanus lutjanus, 8 specimens of Lutjanus malabaricus, 5 specimens of Lutjanus erythropterus and 5 specimens of Pomacanthus asfur were cut with diving method. All the fish were identified and their otolith was extracted to verify them. Investigation of otolith morphometric characteristics (length, breadth, weight, perimeter and area) was conducted. Data indicate high correlation between otolith length and otolith weight, fork length and otolith length and between fish length and weight in most of species, The highest correlation was observed in L. malabaricus. The results show significantly different between otolith length and Otolith width in all species (pL. malabaricus and P. asfurbut not in L. lutjanus andL. erythropterus(p>0.05). Otolith weight had no significantly different in L. lutjanus and L. malabaricus and also in L. erythropterus andP. asfur(p>0.05) but had significantly different between those group (p Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Phylogenetic Relationship of Yellowtail Scad (Atule mate) in the Persian Gulf and Oman Sea Using Cytochrome Oxidase I Gene
Mahzad Shakouri Pargol Ghavam Mostafavi Mohammad Pourkazemi Seyyed Mohammadreza FatemiGenetic analysis of fish populations is essential for conserving biodiversity and increasing knowledge about the survival of species, and finding the factors threatening or contributing to the survival of these populations. The present study is aimed at investigating ph MoreGenetic analysis of fish populations is essential for conserving biodiversity and increasing knowledge about the survival of species, and finding the factors threatening or contributing to the survival of these populations. The present study is aimed at investigating phylogenetic relationship of Yellowtail Scad in the northern Persian Gulf and Oman Sea by sequencing mitochondrial Cytochrome Oxidase I gene. Ninety yellow tail Scad have been collected from Bandar Abbas, Bushehr, and Chabahar port. Genomic DNA was extracted using Ammonium acetate method. After electrophoresis on 1% agarose gel, Cytochrome Oxidase I (COI) gene was amplified by Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR), using pair of primers. After sequencing of PCR product, the phylogenetic tree was drawn by MEGA7 software with different methods (Maximum Likelihood, Maximum Parsimony, and Bayesian) using (Esox lucius) as an extraspecific group. All samples from Bandar Abbas, Bushehr, and three samples from Chabahar port were located in the same clade. Chabahar sample with a little more distance was located in separate clade and due to high supportive degree (bootstrap) showed sister group relationship. Moreover, these two clades were located with more evolutionary distance from extraspecific group. Consequently, COI gene sequencing was an appropriate and reliable method for phylogenetic relationship of Yellowtail Scad, providing useful information about protection and management of this valuable species. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - The Food Safety Risk Potential of Heavy Metals in Northern Persian Gulf and Sea of Oman Fish: A Systematic and Meta-Analysis Review
Mohammad Hosein Sinkakarimi Nooshin GashmardiThe Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea are habitats for a variety of aquatic species, especially fish. Heavy metals are crucial pollutants in aquatic ecosystems and can be among the major factors influencing the health of consumers. The purpose of this essay is to conduct a MoreThe Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea are habitats for a variety of aquatic species, especially fish. Heavy metals are crucial pollutants in aquatic ecosystems and can be among the major factors influencing the health of consumers. The purpose of this essay is to conduct a systematic review of studies that have assessed the concentration of heavy metals in the muscle tissue of certain fish species in these waters, spanning from the year 2006 to 2018. This meta-analysis study was performed on 1182 muscle tissues of Pampus argenteus, Platycephalus indicus, Lutjanus johnii, javelin grunter, Johnius belangerii, Otolithes ruber, Scomberomorus commerson, Scomberomorus guttatus, Epinephelus coioides, caught from the Persian Gulf and the Oman Sea, in order to investigate the amount of these metals. Also, the safety of food intake and the comparison with the standards were investigated. The THQ and HI indices were found to be less than 1 in the all species of fish for adults, but for children only in Scomberomorus commerson in HI index is more than one. The amount of mercury, zinc and lead in the all pecies of fish, cadmium in Lutjanus johnii and javelin grunter and nickel in Scomberomorus guttatus and Epinephelus coioides were lower than all standards. The daily and weekly absorption rates for all studied metals were lower than the authorized JECFA Committee due to fish consumption. Also, the lowest amount of allowance for studied metals was found mercury in Scomberomorus commerson, lead in Johnius belangerii and cadmium in Platycephalus indicus. It seems that high use of the Platycephalus indicus in terms of the studied metals has led to health risks in children. Therefore, environmental protection, which it has been influential in creating nutritional health problems, is considered a necessity. Manuscript profile
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