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Open Access Article
1 - Identification and differentiation of vaccinal and virulent Newcastle disease virus in Iran by HRM analysis
Dibazar, Sh., Sheikhi, N.*, Hemmatzadeh, F., Charkhkar, S., Pourbakhsh, A. .To control of outbreaks caused Newcastle disease, it is necessary to distinguish virulent virusesfrom vaccine strains, in minimum possible time and with high accuracy. The aim of this studywas using High-Resolution Melting-Curve Analysis (HRM) for detection and differen MoreTo control of outbreaks caused Newcastle disease, it is necessary to distinguish virulent virusesfrom vaccine strains, in minimum possible time and with high accuracy. The aim of this studywas using High-Resolution Melting-Curve Analysis (HRM) for detection and differentiation ofIranian Newcastle disease virus (NDVs) isolates from vaccine strains. In this study, 5 virulentisolates along with 2 vaccine strains, including B1 and Lasota were used. Based on thenucleotide sequence of F gene, 8 primers (A - H) were designed for the analysis of HRM. At thefirst stage, one virulent and 2 vaccine virus was analyzed by 8 primer pairs. Based on thepreliminary results of both RT-PCR HRM, 3 sets of the primers have been selected for finaltesting of the samples. The patterns obtained from wild viruses were compared with vaccinegroup. The melting temperatures for vaccine strains were higher than virulent isolates by A, B,C, F and H primer pairs; despite D, E and G. In this study, B and H primer pairs could separatevaccine strains from each other and from virulent isolates, better than other primers. Based onthese results, HRM analysis and correct primer selection can determinate and differentiatevirulent NDVs from vaccine strains. This technique is able to do this in short time and with highaccuracy in comparison with previous conventional approaches such as pathogenicity indicestests, RT-PCR and nucleotide sequencing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Plaque formation by Newcastle virus strain V4 on cell culture and characterization with RT-PCR
Sobhani, S., Mehrabanpour, M.J. .. Cloned vaccines are used in many countries nowadays. One of the ways for cloning a virus is propagation of the virus on cell culture to obtain discrete different plaques in order to study their morphology and genetics. In this study monolayer Madin-Darby Canine Kidne More. Cloned vaccines are used in many countries nowadays. One of the ways for cloning a virus is propagation of the virus on cell culture to obtain discrete different plaques in order to study their morphology and genetics. In this study monolayer Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) cell cultures were prepared by standard method. Various dilutions of the viruses were inoculated into monolayer MDCK cell cultures that were supplemented with magnesium sulfate and trypsin, and over laid with agar medium. The viruses could reproduce on these cells and caused cytopathic effect and plaques. At 10-6 virus dilution, 6 various shape and size discrete plaques were obtained and inoculated into allantoic fluid 9-11 days embryonated eggs. After 48 hrs, the allantoic fluids contain plaques were harvested and their RNA extracted. Cleavage site of fusion protein, with RT-PCR test was performed and the PCR products were purified and sequenced. The sequences of nucleotides and amino acids for each plaque were compared with those of the registered strain at gene bank as well as with each other. Molecular studies showed that all plaques are lentogenic strain of Newcastle disease virus and has about 97% to 99% homology with the strain V4 in the gene bank. The aim of this study is produce clear plaque by V4 strain of NDV on MDCK cell line and studies the molecular variations among them. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Evaluation of innate immune responses to Newcastle disease vaccines in broiler chicken
P. Mirzai, G. Nikbakht Brujeni, A. Nazaktabar, A. Vatankhah,Adaptive immune response in broiler chicken varies against each type of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine. These variations could be explained by the observed differences in the level of humoral and cell components of adaptive immunity during inflammation and acute MoreAdaptive immune response in broiler chicken varies against each type of Newcastle disease virus (NDV) vaccine. These variations could be explained by the observed differences in the level of humoral and cell components of adaptive immunity during inflammation and acute phase response. A total of 150 day-old Ross 308 broiler chicks were randomly assigned into the five treatment groups. First group was intramuscularly vaccinated with inactivated Lasota strain of ND, the second and the third groups vaccinated with Vitapest and Lasota by intraocular route. Two groups kept as the controls only received PBS by intramuscular and intraocular routes. Blood sample was taken before vaccination and two consecutive days after vaccination. Serum amyloid A (SAA) and alpha-1 Acid glycoprotein (AGP) were measured by ELISA kits for chicken acute phase proteins. White blood cell count and the ratio of heterophils to lymphocytes were measured as indicator of stress. The results indicated that injection of the vaccine increased the acute phase protein (SAA) and caused stress in treatment groups but no significant change in AGP level. Inactivated ND vaccine had the highest effects on adaptive immunity which also caused monocytosis and mild basopenia in white blood cells. By identifying the effects of each vaccine on adaptive immunity, it is possible to decide on the proper vaccine required for each flock. Understanding the significant effects of vaccines on the level of acute phase proteins and stress could be used for vaccine design the vaccine and poultry flock managements. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Molecular detection of Ornithbacterium rhinotracheale and Newcastle disease virus in ostriches of Isfahan province
A.A. Shabani Majid Gholami-Ahangaran H. MomtazWith the purpose of identifying Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) and Newcastle disease virus in acute death of ostriches, 40 tracheal samples from 22 ostrich farms with acute mortality were collected from all over the Isfahan province with the history recorded. Aft MoreWith the purpose of identifying Ornithobacterium rhinotracheale (ORT) and Newcastle disease virus in acute death of ostriches, 40 tracheal samples from 22 ostrich farms with acute mortality were collected from all over the Isfahan province with the history recorded. After RNA and DNA extraction from tracheal tissue, the cDNA was prepared using reverse transcriptase kit. The extracted DNA was evaluated for amplification of 16srRNA gene of ORT using specific primers and cDNA was amplified by Newcastle disease specific primers based on M gene. The 16srRNA gene was amplified in positive control and a 784 bp fragment was reached but it was not amplified in any of the collected samples. Furthermore, in 24 of the 40 collected samples (60%) a 1097 bp fragment of the M gene of Newcastle disease virus was amplified. From a total of 22 evaluated flocks with acute mortality, 22 flocks (68.18%) were infected with Newcastle disease virus. By considering the results of this study, currently there is no infection with ORT in ostrich flocks of Isfahan province, but Newcastle disease virus has the main role in acute deaths in ostrich farms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Evaluation of antibody titers from vaccination against influenza virus subtype H9N2 in Japanese quails using dual Newcastle-Influenza vaccine
Golara Mardani Mehdi Rezaei Saman MahdaviAvian Influenza (AI) is one of the most destructive viral diseases of poultry flocks, and vaccination can be one of the most important ways to control the disease. The aim of this research was to evaluate the antibody titer obtained from vaccination against H9N2 influen MoreAvian Influenza (AI) is one of the most destructive viral diseases of poultry flocks, and vaccination can be one of the most important ways to control the disease. The aim of this research was to evaluate the antibody titer obtained from vaccination against H9N2 influenza virus in Japanese quails using Newcastle-influenza dual vaccine. For this purpose, 108 one-day-old Japanese quails were tested in 3 groups with 3 replicates. From day one to the end of the rearing period, the conditions were the same for all quails and the only difference was in the influenza disease vaccination program. The first group received killed ND/AI vaccine (CEVAC-NEW FLU H9 K) on day 7, the second group received the same type of vaccine on day 10 and the third group received no vaccination as the control group. The HI (Haemagglutination Inhibition) test was performed after two separate blood collection from the wing vein on days 25 and 35, following vaccination. Statistical analysis by Tukey's test showed that the mean titer of anti-influenza virus antibody in the serum of vaccinated birds was significantly different from the control group (p<0.05), so that in these groups, its amount was higher than its amount in the serum of birds of the control group. Also, the mean antibody titer in the serum of birds that received the vaccine at 7 days old was higher. Based on the findings of the present research and the low age of slaughter in broiler quail flocks, it seems necessary to carry out rapid vaccination against the influenza disease agent in the first week of rearing, to achieve the desired level of protective antibodies. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Study on the effects of essential oil of Thymus vulgaris after administration of the LaSota vaccine on histopathological status of the trachea, humoral immune system and the performance of broilers
saman faramarzi arash khaki Thyme is a herb with effects on the respiratory system. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of thyme essence on trachea, humoral immunity, and the performance of broilers following LaSota vaccination. In this study, 300 Ross 308 broi More Thyme is a herb with effects on the respiratory system. The aim of the current study was to investigate the effects of thyme essence on trachea, humoral immunity, and the performance of broilers following LaSota vaccination. In this study, 300 Ross 308 broiler chicks were divided into 3 groups of 100 chicken. The first group received 50 ppm thyme essence 2 days prior to and after LaSota vaccination. In the second group only LaSota vaccine was used, and in the third group B1 vaccine was used to compare its severity to the LaSota vaccine. Finally at the end of production period (42 days) samples were taken from trachea for histopathology and also titer of Newcastle vaccine and the performance of chicks were investigated. Results of this study showed that thyme essence decreased histopathologic changes due to vaccination reaction in the trachea. Histopathologic alteration was not observed in B1 vaccination group. In view of feed conversion ratio, feed consumption and final body weight in thyme group there was significant improvement in comparison to LaSota group (p<0.05). But use of thyme essence did not have any effect on titer of LaSota vaccine, although mean antibody titer in B1 vaccine group was significantly lower than the other two groups (p<0.05). Based on the results of our study, thyme essence improved the performance of broiler chicks and decreased hemorrhage, necrosis, and edema of the trachea due to LaSota vaccine reaction. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Concurrent outbreak of Newcastle disease and Trichomoniasis in pigeons of Tehran
nariman sheykhi saeid Rasoulinezhad alireza barati Newcastle disease is the most important viral disease that affected pigeons. The disease is characterized by sudden onset of anorexia and neurological symptoms in pigeon. Trichomonas gallinae causes trichomoniasis of pigeons in the upper gastrointestinal tr More Newcastle disease is the most important viral disease that affected pigeons. The disease is characterized by sudden onset of anorexia and neurological symptoms in pigeon. Trichomonas gallinae causes trichomoniasis of pigeons in the upper gastrointestinal tract and the respiratory system. The symptoms of this disease include yellowish green fetid discharge from the mouth, diarrhea, emaciation, severe weakness and death. In the first 6 months of 1392, from a total of 32 suspicious cases from Tehran and its surrounding, swab samples of the mouth, pharynx and larynx of birds were prepared. The samples were studied for trichomonas infection. At necropsy, foci of white to cream color in the oral mucosa, pharynx, larynx and pharyngeal and tracheal mucous congestion associated with the presence of fetid fluid in the crop were observed. Also, general congestion of the carcass, urate deposition in the ureters, and the emptiness gastrointestinal tract was observed. For detection of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), samples of the trachea and spleen were collected and RT-PCR experiments were performed on the samples. Trichomonas was observed in the samples under the microscope. All of the 19 samples studied were considered positive to the presence of high virulence strain of the virus. Metronidazole and supportive therapies were used for treatment. Adherence to the principles of biosecurity, treatment or removal of trichomoniasis infected birds, and annual Newcastle disease vaccine are essential for the prevention of concurrent outbreak of these two diseases. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Comparative study of antibody titers obtained from Avinew and La Sota vaccines in broiler chicks with ELISA test
adel feyzi peyman bijanzad kamrouz kaboliAbstract Newcastle disease is an important viral disease and its occurrence and virulence in Iran has increased in recent years. Therefore control of this disease through effective vaccination programs is very important. The objective of this study was to MoreAbstract Newcastle disease is an important viral disease and its occurrence and virulence in Iran has increased in recent years. Therefore control of this disease through effective vaccination programs is very important. The objective of this study was to compare the effectiveness of La Sota and Avinew vaccines in broiler chicks. In this study, 270 day old Ross broiler chicks were divided into 3 groups with 3 replicates in each group and 30 chicks in each replicate. Avinew and lasota vaccines were used in groups 1 and 2 respectively. Group 3 was the covered group and Newcastle vaccine wasn't used in this group. Breeding conditions were the same in the 3 groups and blood samples were collected the 3 groups and blood samples were collectd on days 1,14,24,34 and 44 for determination of antibody titers obtained from Newcastle vaccines using the ELISA serologic test. The results indicated that in the vaccinated groups, antibody titers increased significantly (v<0.05) after day 14 in comparison to the control group. In the control group, the antibody titer belonging to maternal immunity decreased significantly (p<0.05) after day 14 and the chicks became susceptible to Newcastle disease. Antibody titers obtained from the two vaccines significantly different (p<0.05) but due to less adverse reactions following vaccination, the Avinew vaccine is preferred over the lasota vaccine. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - اثرعصاره ی آویشن (Thymus vulgaris) بر پاسخ ایمنی در برابر ویروس واکسن بیماری آنفلوانزا و نیوکاسل در جوجههای گوشتی
فروغ طلازاده منصور میاحی حسین نجف زاده ورزی حدیث نوروزی زادهمقدمه و هدف:مطالعه حاضر به منظور بررسی تاثیر عصاره آویشن بر پاسخ ایمنی علیه واکسن بیماری آنفلوانزا و نیوکاسل انجام شد. روش تحقیق: دویست و چهل و پنج قطعه جوجهی یک روزهی گوشتی خریداری و بیست قطعه جوجه برای تعیین میزان پادتن مادری خونگیری شده و بقیه­ی جوجه&s Moreمقدمه و هدف:مطالعه حاضر به منظور بررسی تاثیر عصاره آویشن بر پاسخ ایمنی علیه واکسن بیماری آنفلوانزا و نیوکاسل انجام شد. روش تحقیق: دویست و چهل و پنج قطعه جوجهی یک روزهی گوشتی خریداری و بیست قطعه جوجه برای تعیین میزان پادتن مادری خونگیری شده و بقیه­ی جوجه­ها به طور تصادفی به 5 گروه مساوی تقسیم شدند. جوجه­های گروه A،B وC عصاره­ی آبی آویشن را به ترتیب به میزان 1/0 درصد، 15/0 درصد و 2/0 درصد در آب آشامیدنی در طول دوره­ی پرورش دریافت نمودند. جوجه­های گروه E، عصاره­ی آویشن را دریافت نکردند اما علیه بیماری نیوکاسل واکسینه شدند. جوجه­های گروه F به عنوان گروه کنترل، عصاره­ی آویشن و واکسن نیوکاسل دریافت نکردند. جوجه­های گروه­های A، B، C و D، با واکسن زندهی B1 به روش قطره­­ی چشمی و واکسن کشتهی دوگانه نیوکاسل-آنفلوانزای تحت تیپ (H9N2)، به روش زیر پوست پشت گردن واکسینه شدند. در روزهای صفر (قبل از واکسیناسیون)، 14، 28 و 35 بعد از واکسیناسیون، از 10 قطعه جوجه از هر گروه، به طور تصادفی، خونگیری به عمل آمد و عیار پادتن ویژه­ی نیوکاسل به وسیله آزمایش ممانعت از هماگلوتیناسیون تعیین گردید. نتایج و بحث:نتایج این مطالعه نشان داد که عصاره­ی آویشن، تاثیری برپاسخ پادتن ویژه­ی ویروس واکسن نیوکاسل ندارد اما دریافت 2/0 درصد عصاره آویشن در 14 روز بعد از واکسیناسیون، عیار پادتن ویژه­ی ویروس واکسن آنفلوانزا را در مقایسه با سایر گروه ها به طور معنی داری افزایش داد. توصیه کاربردی/ صنعتی: گیاهانی مانند آویشن که سرشار از فلاونوئیدهامی باشد فعالیت ویتامین C را توسعه می دهند، به عنوان آنتی اکسیدان عمل می کنند و بنابراین ممکن است عملکرد سیستم ایمنی بدن را افزایش دهند. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - اثرات تغذیه سطح بالای سلنیوم و مس بر عملکرد رشد، برخی فراسنجههای بیوشیمیایی خون و تولید آنتی بادی علیه ویروس بیماری نیوکاسل در جوجههای گوشتی
ترکی م. م. حبیبیان ط. رستمی آ. مرادییک آزمایش جهت ارزیابی اثرات تغذیه سطوح بالای سلنیوم (به شکل سلنیت سدیم) و مس (به شکل سولفات مس) بر عملکرد رشد، پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی سرم و تولید آنتی ­بادی علیه ویروس بیماری نیوکاسل در جوجه­های گوشتی انجام شد. مجموع 160 جوجه گوشتی یکروزه راس 308 از مخلوط دو جنس Moreیک آزمایش جهت ارزیابی اثرات تغذیه سطوح بالای سلنیوم (به شکل سلنیت سدیم) و مس (به شکل سولفات مس) بر عملکرد رشد، پارامترهای بیوشیمیایی سرم و تولید آنتی ­بادی علیه ویروس بیماری نیوکاسل در جوجه­های گوشتی انجام شد. مجموع 160 جوجه گوشتی یکروزه راس 308 از مخلوط دو جنس به صورت تصادفی بین چهار گروه تیماری (40 جوجه در هر گروه) و هر کدام شامل چهار تکرار (10 جوجه به ازای هر تکرار) تقسیم شدند. گروه 1 به عنوان شاهد در نظر گرفته شد و جوجه­ها در این گروه یک جیره استاندارد بدون مکمل سلنیوم و مس را دریافت کردند. جوجه­ها در گروه 2 یک جیره حاوی مکمل سلنیوم به میزان 1 میلی­گرم/کیلوگرم، در گروه 3 یک جیره حاوی مکمل مس به میزان 200 میلی­گرم بر کیلوگرم و در گروه 4 یک جیره مکمل شده با 1 میلیگرم/کیلوگرم سلنیوم و 200 میلی­گرم/کیلوگرم مس را دریافت کردند. استفاده هم زمان از مکمل­های سلنیوم و مس مصرف خوراک و وزن بدن را کاهش و ضریب تبدیل خوراک را افزایش داد (05/0P<). این اثرات هنگام استفاده از سلنیوم یا مس به تنهایی مشاهده نشد (05/0P>). غلظت سرمی اسید اوریک با تغذیه مس کاهش یافت (05/0P<) و غلظت تری­گلیسریدها با تغذیه سلنیوم تمایل به افزایش داشت (11/0P=). علاوه بر این، غلظت سرمی آلبومین به طور معنی ­داری در جوجه­های دریافت کننده مکمل مس افزایش یافت (05/0P<)، اما این اثرات با استفاده هم زمان از مس و سلنیوم دیده نشد (05/0P>). تیتر آنتی­بادی علیه ویروس نیوکاسل در 28 روزگی تحت تأثیر گروه­های آزمایشی قرار نگرفت (05/0P>)، اما در 42 روزگی در گروه دریافت کننده ترکیب سلنیوم و مس کاهش یافت (05/0P<). این نتایج به روشنی بیانگر برهمکنش منفی بین استفاده از سلنیت سدیم و سولفات مس بر عملکرد رشد جوجه­های گوشتی است. لازم است مطالعات بیشتری جهت مشخص کردن سازوکار این اثرات انجام شود. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Effect of live and inactivated Newcastle disease vaccines alone or in combination on humoral immune response in broiler chickens
zahra boroomand Ramezan Ali Jafari Mansour Mayahi Alireza MoradiBiosecurity and vaccination are two important tools for prevention of Newcastle disease. This study was conducted to compare the immunogenicity of live and killed Newcastle disease vaccines by measuring the hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies in the sera of broiler c MoreBiosecurity and vaccination are two important tools for prevention of Newcastle disease. This study was conducted to compare the immunogenicity of live and killed Newcastle disease vaccines by measuring the hemagglutination-inhibiting antibodies in the sera of broiler chicks. For this, 270 day-old chicks (Ross) were allocated to 6 match-weighted groups (A through F). Group A was non-vaccinated control; group B received B1 and Clone 30 live vaccines by eye-drop at days 10 and 31, respectively; groups C and D were injected subcutaneously with killed vaccine at days 3 and 10, respectively; groups E and F received killed vaccine at days 3 and 10, respectively, and were also given live vaccines according to group B. From each group, four chicks were randomly selected and bled on day 3, and also 12 chicks on days 10, 17, 24, 31 and 38. Then, the collected sera were assessed by hemagglutination-inhibition (HI) test. The results show that up to day 17, there was no significant difference in HI titers among experimental groups; compared with groups which received killed vaccine only, groups given live vaccines had a significantly higher antibody level at days 31 and 38. In conclusion, live Newcastle disease vaccines, even if not repeated, give better immunity when compared to killed vaccine, and if they were used together the immune response would be stronger. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Isolation and Pathotyping of Newcastle viruses by RT-PCR and MDT methods from broiler chickens in Fars province
Setareh Khoobyar Mohammad Bagher Nazari Abdollah Rahimian Mohammad Javad MehrabanpourAbstract Background and objective: Newcastle is an acute and contagious disease in poultry that has irreparable economic detriments in the poultry industry. Due to many deaths in broiler chicken flocks, it is vital to detect and characterize the viral circulation. The MoreAbstract Background and objective: Newcastle is an acute and contagious disease in poultry that has irreparable economic detriments in the poultry industry. Due to many deaths in broiler chicken flocks, it is vital to detect and characterize the viral circulation. The aim of this study was to isolation and pathotyping of Newcastle virus by RT-PCR and MDT (Mean death time) methods in broiler chickens in Fars province. Material and Methods: In this study 300 tracheal tissue and cloacal swab samples from 30 infected poultry farms with a high mortality and respiratory disease were collected in Fars province. The samples were inoculated in the allantoic cavities of 9-11-day-old embryonated chicken eggs. After 72 hours incubation, the allantoic fluids were tested by hemagglutination, RT-PCR and MDT methods for the present of Newcastle virus and their pathotyping. Results: 10 out of total samples investigated by molecular method showed a 535bp amplification band fragment and were identified as Newcastle viruses. Also, among these samples, Velogenic, Mesogenic and Lentogenic strains identified in 6, 3 and 1 sample respectively by MDT method. Conclusion: Based on isolation of velogenic and mesogenic viruses in broiler chickens flocks, it is essential to continues survey vaccine strains and their effectiveness. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Evaluation of Antibody Titer from Newcastle Vaccine and Histological Effect in Sebright Chickens
Kimia Karimi Sani Mehdi Rezaei Mohammadreza HossenchiNewcastle disease (ND) is one of the most important viral disease which make lots of casualty in poultry flocks. Therefor vaccination against ND is the main way to prevents the damages. The aim of this research was evaluation of antibody titer from ND vaccines and histo MoreNewcastle disease (ND) is one of the most important viral disease which make lots of casualty in poultry flocks. Therefor vaccination against ND is the main way to prevents the damages. The aim of this research was evaluation of antibody titer from ND vaccines and histopathological effects in Sebright chickens. In this research, 72 one-day-old Sebright chickens were tested in a completely random format in two groups (with three replications). From day one to the end of period, the breeding conditions were the same for all quails and the differences between the groups were only in the Newcastle disease vaccination program. Vaccination in the first group was based on using: Clone ND vaccine in day old (eye drop), injection of ND/AI + Clone ND (eye drop) in day 8 and using Avinew vaccine (drinking water) in day 15. The second group was considered as the control group (without vaccination). Blood samples were taken at day 25 and 35 and evaluated by HI test. Also, a sample was taken from the intestine and a histopathology specimen was prepared. The results of statistical analysis by Tukey test showed that the mean titer of Newcastle antibody in the vaccinated groups was significantly different (p < 0.01). Also, the results of morphometry and morphology of Newcastle vaccine in the intestinal tissue in the vaccinated groups showed a significant difference compared to the control group (p < 0.05). This study presents as a strategy in terms of antibody production and histological effects after vaccination in Sebright farms. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Investigation of Newcastle Disease viruses Antibody in rural Poultries of the Northern Provinces of Iran
abbas alemian seyied ali pourbakhsh Abdul-Hamid Shoushtari hadi keyvanfarRural poultry like commercial poultries are susceptible to most of infectious diseases. In addition, by increasing the density of poultry farming, the probability of disease occurrence has been increased. Among the most important diseases, Newcastle disease has most of MoreRural poultry like commercial poultries are susceptible to most of infectious diseases. In addition, by increasing the density of poultry farming, the probability of disease occurrence has been increased. Among the most important diseases, Newcastle disease has most of importance. Newcastle disease is endemic in Iran, and causes incidence of outbreaks among commercial and rural poultries, every year. The present study is conducted with the objective of figuring out the prevalence status and virus circulation among rural poultries of Northern provinces of Iran. In the study, 70 villages in 3 provinces (20 villages in Mazandaran, 20 villages in Golestan and 30 villages in Gilan Province) and a total of 1374 birds (600 birds in Mazandaran, 400 birds in Golestan, 374 birds in Gilan province) were sampled. A village considered as epidemiological unit. In the study, birds of 67 villages (96%) were found positive ( presence of antibodies against NDV) including Golestan Province, 28 villages (93.3%), Mazandaran Province, 19 villages (95%) and 20 villages of Gilan province (100%) Moreover, out of 1374 birds, 616 (45%) of them were seropositive against NDV. According to the results of this study, the rate of titer is very high in both levels of villages and level of birds. Such high rate of titer is indicative of continuous exposures of rural poultry of the mentioned provinces to Newcastle virus and high virus circulation rate of these viruses in the studied provinces. Manuscript profile
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