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Open Access Article
1 - Enhancing Community Resilience to Floods in Iran: The Case of Post-Disaster Neka
Pooya Alaedini Mehrdad Javaheripour Elham Houminfar -
Open Access Article
2 - Evaluating the effect of supplying drinking water and agriculture water of Sari-Neka aquifer on the salinity movement with the utilization of Gelvard dam
mina nasiri mehdi hamidi Hamid Kardan moghaddamWith the fast-growing economy in the coastal regions, the demands for water resources and the exploitation of groundwater have been increased. Consequently, the established balance between freshwater and seawater has been disturbed and hence resulted in extensive seawat MoreWith the fast-growing economy in the coastal regions, the demands for water resources and the exploitation of groundwater have been increased. Consequently, the established balance between freshwater and seawater has been disturbed and hence resulted in extensive seawater intrusion into groundwater. In this paper, the flow model and saltwater intrusion in the Sari-Neka aquifer is simulated using the GMS model. The model is calibrated for four years Between October 2010 and September 2014, both in terms of groundwater levels and TDS concentration. The calibrated model is validated for the next year in terms of groundwater levels and TDS concentration with the available data for October 2014 and September 2015. The values of the correlation coefficient in the steady-state model, transient model and validation model in the flow model are obtained 0/99, 0/98 and 0/97 respectively. The values of the correlation coefficient in the transport model are obtained 0/83 and 0/87 in the transient model and validation model, respectively. After the validated model and assuming all the hydrogeologic conditions remain, a predictive 6-year simulation run indicates that further seawater intrusion into the coastal aquifer can occur in the study area. The effects of the Gelvard dam on the quality of groundwater in the Sari-Neka aquifer in normal, drought and wet conditions also were investigated. The results show that under drought conditions the 50% iso-concentration contour movement for TDS will increase by 5/98 %. In wet conditions, the 50% iso-concentration contour movement will be reduced by 2/94%. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Effects of Distance from Pollutant Sources on Heavy Metal Concentrations around Neka cement Factory Soil
Somayeh Darivasi Keivan Saeb Maryam MollashahiIntroduction: Air pollution is one of anthropogenic aspect in 20th century especially cement factories have important role on air pollution. Pollutant material cement factories contain carbon bearing components, heavy metals, sulfur oxide, N oxide. Material and methods: MoreIntroduction: Air pollution is one of anthropogenic aspect in 20th century especially cement factories have important role on air pollution. Pollutant material cement factories contain carbon bearing components, heavy metals, sulfur oxide, N oxide. Material and methods: This research aimed to investigate the heavy metal concentrations (Al, As, Cd, Co, Cr, Cu, Fe, Hg, Mn, Ni (in soil samples of Neka cement dust deposition. The sampling was done on October of 2012. For this aim, 4 sample points were chosen with 100, 400, 800 intervals of cement factory. The protected area from the pollutant material was selected as control point. To ensure of samples sufficiency in each sample point, 4 soil samples were collected. .Then samples were dried and measured for heavy metals concentrations using digestive method with ICP. Results and discussion: Our results showed that there is a high level of heavy metal concentrations at 10 meters interval from factory and heavy metal concentrations decrease parallel to distance increase. Also in more cases, measuring of heavy metals concentration, is more than the world standard and this indicates the big polluting role of Neka cement factory. Between the studied elements, Co, Cr, Cu, Cd, Mn, Ni and Zn have most different rate compared with world standard. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Environment Risk Assessment of Sand and Silt Exploitation from Tonekabon river
Mojgan Rowshantabari Bahram Kiabi Abdolah Solimanroudi Fariba Vahedi Asieh Makhlogh Rahimeh RahmatiThis research was carried out during 1382-83 on a monthly scale. The effect of sand and silt mining on Tonekabon river aquatic organisms was studied. One station was selected in sand and silt mining area and two stations were selected in upstream and downstream. The lea MoreThis research was carried out during 1382-83 on a monthly scale. The effect of sand and silt mining on Tonekabon river aquatic organisms was studied. One station was selected in sand and silt mining area and two stations were selected in upstream and downstream. The least abundance and biomass of benthic organisms was obtained in station 2 as 5%. This was also observed in estuary, as there were 21% and 74% of benthic organisms respectively in estuary and upstream of the reiver which have lost their habitates due to destruction of this area. Study on fish showed that Cyprinidae had the highest diversity and abundance. Fish abundance was 65% in station 1, 6% in station 2 and 29% in station 3. Station 2 had the least abundance. Migration and artificial propagation of Salmo truta caspius and Rutilus frissii kutum in this river are of high importance. Finally, destabilisation of river substrate and increase of suspended solid have led to reduction in diversity and abundance of species. The negative effects of sand and silt mining were not restricted to the sampling position and have affected other littoral parts of the river. This can result in degredation of river substrate and littoral parts Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Biourbanism urban design: Human bio-based approach to urban design (Case study: Cheshme kile Riverside of Tonekabon)
Parisa Ghobadi Reza Jafariha Ali Niknama Alireza AaliBackground and Objective: Urbanization in the past, due to a coherent view of the city and not distinguishing between nature and urban context, left positive effects that are seen today. Experts are seeking to apply new practical approaches in the design and reconstruct MoreBackground and Objective: Urbanization in the past, due to a coherent view of the city and not distinguishing between nature and urban context, left positive effects that are seen today. Experts are seeking to apply new practical approaches in the design and reconstruction of urban spaces, so that they can solve the existing problems. Material and Methodology: The current research is descriptive-analytical in terms of method and applied research in terms of purpose. Findings: The achievement of this research in theoretical foundations is the introduction of bio-urbanism as a new approach in urban design that considers the urban environment as a very complex living object and tries to connect natural elements and human needs and sees urbanism as inseparably linked with biology. By analyzing three selected case examples based on the components of biourbanism, how the solutions based on them were investigated, and finally, the edge of the Kileh Tankabon spring river as a domestic and local research case, was analyzed and parts of it were designed as a sample of the selected projects. Discussion and Conclusion: This new type of urban approach and its application in Iran may face a large number of limitations, such as: high maintenance costs, low public awareness of its benefits, and diverging interests of the real estate market. But it is possible to gradually overcome the problems through a broad concept promotion and by raising the level of awareness about the usefulness of ecosystem services and the interaction of larger target groups. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Obstacles to sustainable development of tourism in the coastal city Tonekabon
Soda Mohamadi Delband Sara Ghahri Lalkallo Frahnaz Khadem Fasghandis -
Open Access Article
7 - Comparison and prioritization of flooding in Nekarood sub-basins using morphometric method in GIS
Mehrab Zali Karim Solaimani Mahmoud Habibnejad Roshan Mir Hassan MiryaghoubzadehBackground and Objective Floods are one of the most catastrophic and dangerous natural hazards because they are sudden and unpredictable and lead to the destruction of infrastructure, and a threat to human life and property. Identifying areas with high flood potential i MoreBackground and Objective Floods are one of the most catastrophic and dangerous natural hazards because they are sudden and unpredictable and lead to the destruction of infrastructure, and a threat to human life and property. Identifying areas with high flood potential is one of the most important tasks in flood control and reducing the damage caused by it. Floods are one of the most serious natural hazards that pose serious threats to residential areas and also pose financial and human risks. Floods rank first in terms of damage caused by earthquakes, volcanoes, and landslides. Cited. Floods can occur not only in the plains but also in mountainous environments. Flood analysis and its relationship to explanatory variables can help water managers identify the most effective variable in floods. Communities, countries, and pcontinents have suffered severe human losses and economic costs due to the increasing severity and frequency of these natural disasters). In the world due to the increase of these natural disasters, human death in the coming period is probably doubled. Floods are one of the most serious natural hazards that pose a serious threat to residential areas. Climate change and the steady increase in urbanization that occurs with increasing population, followed by an increase in man-made structures, ultimately reduce permeability and possibly further increase the risk of floods and the potential for socio-economic damage. Confirming the growing risks and increasing frequency of flood events, a paradigm shift in flood risk management is observed in many countries, such as Europe. Flood management and mitigation require comprehensive perspectives that take into account a diverse set of flood risk management measures, including active stakeholder engagement, communication, and awareness raising. The present study was conducted in the Neka Rud watershed in Mazandaran province. The use of geographical systems can identify flood-sensitive areas with high accuracy in the shortest time using information layers. This watershed is one of the most important watersheds in the province and its study is of great importance in terms of flood risks due to its high rainfall. Enjoys. The overall purpose of this study is to prioritize sub-basins concerning flooding based on morphological analysis and also to use GIS software as an efficient and cost-effective tool. In this study, the morphometric study of the watershed was investigated and flood sub-basins were identified. The purpose of this study is to identify areas with high flood potential in the Neka River watershed of Mazandaran province to prevent the risks of this natural disaster and prevent financial and human damage.Materials and Methods Seventeen Morphometric parameters were determined to describe the watershed and prioritize the sub-basins of the Neka watershed according to the sensitivity to sudden floods. The basic parameters were measured directly from the DEM using GIS techniques and include basin area, basin length, environment, number of streams, and flow lengths for each flow rating. In this study, very important morphometric parameters were quantitatively selected and used for this analysis. These parameters are directly or inversely related to runoff hazards, peak discharge, and soil erosion. These parameters were divided into three parts: linear, uneven, and surface. Finally, sub-basins were prioritized using this method. To assess the morphology of the watershed, a digital elevation map (DEM) with a resolution of 12.5 m was loaded. Morphological parameters are directly or inversely related to the outbreak. After morphological ranking, the values of each sub-basin were collected to classify and determine their susceptibility to flash floods. The values of the sum of morphometric parameters summarized from 0 for the lowest rank value and 1 for the highest rank value to obtain the flood sensitivity index for each sub-basin were normalized and finally evaluated. Clear changes are observed in the basic parameters of watersheds such as area, environment, and length of the basin. These basin parameters are a very remarkable hydrological feature. The watershed area varies from 484.37 square kilometers under the N1 basin to 48.18 km2 under the N8 basin. The environment can also be used as an indicator of the shape and size of the watershed. According to the obtained results, there is a high correlation between the area and the watershed environment.Results and Discussion The Neka Basin was divided into 12 sub-basins using the Hydrology Toolbox from ArcGIS. According to the obtained results, it was found that sub-basins N8 and N9 have a high priority for flooding. The results show that these two sub-basins are very prone to flooding. Also, sub-basins N11 and N12 have a much lower risk of flooding. The total number of 12 sub-basin flows for the watershed is 366681 and for the first time, it constitutes 52% of the total watershed flows. Geometric values for 12 watersheds are shown in the form of a graph and a straight line, where the log values of the flow number are plotted on a graph.Conclusion Because there are insufficient historical climatic and hydrological records for hydrological modeling, morphometric analysis has been used to assess sub-watershed susceptibility to flooding. The results and analysis obtained in the present study have several fields for practical application and future development. Morphometric analysis of the Neka basin has shown that the watershed is a six-stage drainage system that is very sensitive to flooding. According to the results, sub-basins N8 and N9 have a high risk of flooding. In contrast, the N12 sub-basin has a much lower rate of flooding. The study of the basin showed that the reason for the low flooding below the N12 basin is the shape of the basin and the amount of slope, which has an elongated shape and the area is almost flat in terms of unevenness, which reduces the risk of floods. This study showed that the protection of the region against sudden floods should be the main priority of the competent authorities to protect human lives and agricultural farms and ultimately prevent flood disasters. In this study, it was proved that integration and morphological analysis with GIS can provide a significant tool for understanding the characteristics of watershed sub-basins related to flood management. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The relationship between cadmium levels inmuscleand body weightOf farmed rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) inTonekabonsDohezar River
Mohammad Reza Ghomi Seyyed Mohsen HosseiniInroduction and Objective:This study aimed to assess the heavy metal cadmium in muscle tissue of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchusmykiss)in Tonekabon'sDohezarRiver and its main purpose was to examine the correlation between weights cadmium.Material and Methods:In this study,tw MoreInroduction and Objective:This study aimed to assess the heavy metal cadmium in muscle tissue of rainbow trout(Oncorhynchusmykiss)in Tonekabon'sDohezarRiver and its main purpose was to examine the correlation between weights cadmium.Material and Methods:In this study,twenty two rainbow trout (from 25 to 584 g) were caught and after tissue digestion, the cadmium amount was measured using the voltammetry method.Results:Based on the results, the average concentration of cadmium in muscle tissue of farmed rainbow trout in Tonekabon'sDohezar River was 1.01 microgram per gram, which shows higher rate than the standard accepted by the World Health Organization (WHO) (0.2 micrograms per gram). Also, byelevating in body weight of fish, cadmium levels are significantly (P Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Development of a location-based solution for flood risk analysis and reducing its effects in agriculture (case study: Neka Roud)
Rogheyeh Kamali Kefrati Hossein Aghamohammadi Saeed BehzadiFloods are among the most devastating and widespread natural disasters, resulting in loss of life and significant financial damage. Therefore, flood control poses a significant challenge worldwide, including in our country. One effective approach to mitigating this risk MoreFloods are among the most devastating and widespread natural disasters, resulting in loss of life and significant financial damage. Therefore, flood control poses a significant challenge worldwide, including in our country. One effective approach to mitigating this risk is through the implementation of zoning strategies. Consequently, the objective of this study is to conduct a spatial analysis of flooding in the Nekarud region. For this research, a 2-kilometer stretch along the downstream section of the Nekarud River, near Neka city, was selected. Spatial data, including geographical maps and reference land information, were utilized and processed to facilitate the analysis. The study focused on simulating flood-prone areas along the main route for return periods of 10, 25, 50, 100, 200, and 500 years. The resulting flood map illustrates the spatial extent of potential flooding under different scenarios. The study employed elevation data at a scale of 1:1000, as well as river discharge data specific to the study area, to construct a base map. In a GIS environment, topographic data was extracted and used to generate a triangulated irregular network (TIN). Additionally, by utilizing a database that incorporates information on agricultural land use and flood zoning within the study area, the researchers calculated the extent of damage caused by flooding. Based on the land use map within the GIS environment, the study estimated that, during different return periods, the affected land area within the study region would measure 144.17 hectares, 175.14 hectares, 182.56 hectares, 190.14 hectares, 193.97 hectares, and 198.298 hectares, respectively Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - mountaineer natives of western mazandaran (the Galesh)
alaedin azareIn the beginning of third millennium A.D, there are some people and clans living in our ancient country who are mostly dependent on their natural environment and have little tendency to leave it, they live either in the borders of dry deserts, or in mountains, mountains MoreIn the beginning of third millennium A.D, there are some people and clans living in our ancient country who are mostly dependent on their natural environment and have little tendency to leave it, they live either in the borders of dry deserts, or in mountains, mountainsides and forests. These people are loyal to their ancestors heritage, and respect the ceremonies, folklore and religions beliefs of them . But, in the course of time, some manifestation of modern civilization has been appeared among them, and they will soon forget whatever obtained from generation to generation, or those beliefs will disappear little by little. And, this is the coercion of history , and maybe the issue of GLOBAL VILLAGE, proposed by marshal mc luhan turns into reality. The galesh are one of the native people of Iran who have already kept most of their ancient ceremonies and beliefs, but their simple life is being quickly developed in the recent decades, and there is the fear that in the near future they will forget their beliefs. The author intends to briefly bring up the Galesh and specifications of their life, converse with them and retell what they remember from their ancestors. Therefore, this is rather a field (practical) research than a library one. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Effect of the Satellite Channel Programs on Value System of the Students in Islamic Azad University( Neka Branch)
Mohammad Hajizad Mona Mahdizadeh حسین باقری -
Open Access Article
12 - The Effect of Critical Thinking on Reading and Writing Skills of Islamic Azad University Students in Third Area
Ali Asghar Razavi Fatemeh Noshinfard Fahimeh BabolHavaeji Sedigheh Mohammad Esmaeil -
Open Access Article
13 - land use change modeling using LCM module (Case study: NEKA region)
seyede massoomeh fathollahi roudbary Kamran Nasirahmadi mehrdad khanmohamadiLand use/cover changes, especially human urbanization Cause destruction of natural habitats and threaten biodiversity. Regularly, Land use/cover models are one the most important methods for evaluating this trend. The objective of this study is the investigation of land MoreLand use/cover changes, especially human urbanization Cause destruction of natural habitats and threaten biodiversity. Regularly, Land use/cover models are one the most important methods for evaluating this trend. The objective of this study is the investigation of land use/cover change and modeling in the Neka city using Land Change Modeler (LCM). Landsat TM (١٩٨8), ETM+ (٢٠٠2), and OLI (2016) data was used for land use/cover classification and change. In addition, transition potential modeling was conducted using an artificial neural network. In this method, 5 sub-models and 9 variables were used. Then calibration period (1988-2002) was used by Markov chain and hard prediction for extrapolating the 2016 land use/cover changes. Finally, land use/cover maps for 2002 and 2016 were used for land use/cover map extending prediction to the year 2030. The accuracy assessment of model was conducted by Error Matrix. The results of this study showed the annual rate of decline in the forest was 2297 Hectare during the period 1988-2016. The biggest changes were in the conversion of forest lands to agriculture. Modeling results using artificial neural network also showed acceptable accuracy (69%). The results of modeling for 2030 also showed that the area of the forest is decreasing, Agricultural lands and urban areas are increasing. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Land Use Conflict Analysis with Using the Model of Land Use Conflict Identification Strategy (LUCIS) in Tonekabon County
banafsheh pirasteh Mojtaba Rafieian Reza AhmadianIn recent decades, rapid changes in land use, especially in coastal areas has been associated with important implications as destruction of natural resources, environmental pollution and … In Tonekabon city, development of physical settlements as a result of rapi MoreIn recent decades, rapid changes in land use, especially in coastal areas has been associated with important implications as destruction of natural resources, environmental pollution and … In Tonekabon city, development of physical settlements as a result of rapid population growth, without any planning and environmental considerations lead to the expansion of cities into the vulnerable areas, that if not controlled and correct guidance, will cause destruction of many lands with priority to agricultural lands and their protection will be. The aim of this study was to identify factors and drivers of changes in land use in Tonekabon and also make benefit of Analysis Model of land use conflicts identification Strategic (LUCIS) in determining the user conflicts of the interest area. In this study, the analytical method (Statistical- Spatial) data used in processing and analyzing data using spatial analysis techniques have been combined. After preparing the data layers, weighting and combining them, the results showed that agricultural priority accounted for the largest share in zones without conflict, which was distributed in the western half of the North Strip, on the other hand agricultural- Conservation zones covers over 30 percent of conflict moderate zone and scattered throughout the area. Finally, based on reached results intervention strategies were provided in the framework of an integrated management approach to control and reduce conflict, create compatibility and make Suitability between the Land uses with each other and balance of loaded ground. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - The methods and insight into the historiography of Seifi heravi
mahmoud alvari mahboobeh sharafiThe Tarighname- Harat‚The compiled by Seifi Heravi is one of the most important local historical books of Iran in Ilkhanian era thate has been written in Persian. This research aims to provide biography‚ works‚the sources of information of historiograp MoreThe Tarighname- Harat‚The compiled by Seifi Heravi is one of the most important local historical books of Iran in Ilkhanian era thate has been written in Persian. This research aims to provide biography‚ works‚the sources of information of historiographer in writing of the work‚his religious tendencies‚ the compilation motives‚the content of works‚his historiographical chracterstics shows through the narration. In order to understand the historiographers intellectual system‚ he can show his method of historiography in this regard. The findings of the present study‚ based on historical method and use of the library method‚ indicate that Heravi by writing Gheyasis collection and dedicates parts of Haratś history to political ethics‚dose not regard history as atransmitted science and brings it closer to practical wisdom‚ and it has set the stage for reflection of practical wisdom. He has used the critical and casual approach to his histography‚but has not been able to base it on his work and use it extensively.the reflecting on social issus is the one of the most important features of the historiographerś work and expressivs the serious approach to sociological issues. Tarighname- Harat is also worthy of menton for some poets‚scholars‚andelders. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Isolation and identification of Arcobacter butzleri from poultry meat during slaughterhouse and retail stores in Tonekabon
زهرا پور عباس قلی مسعود قانع mehdi ghimi radArcobacters are gram-negative and curved-shaped which are differentiated from campylobacter genus by growing up in presence of oxygen and low temperatures. Arcobacter butzleri is the most prevalent species of this genus known as zoonotic and new pathogen. With the aim o MoreArcobacters are gram-negative and curved-shaped which are differentiated from campylobacter genus by growing up in presence of oxygen and low temperatures. Arcobacter butzleri is the most prevalent species of this genus known as zoonotic and new pathogen. With the aim of identification of the A.butzleri from poultry meat supplied in the slaughterhouses and retail stores, this study was conducted in the Tonekabon city. 140 samples of the poultry meat, including hen (97 samples), duck (25 samples), Turkey (18 samples) were collected, studied and tested in two levels of slaughterhouse (45 samples) and retail stores (95 samples) full randomly. For the purpose of isolation, preT-KB Technique was used and, in order to identify, phenotyping tests were applied. Out of 140 tested samples, 20 samples, at the rate of 14.28%, were infected with the A.butzleri all of which belonged to the samples of hen meat. The highest rate of infection was observed in skin followed by that in the abdominal contents and, finally, in the meat. Rate of frequency in the slaughter house samples was 17.77% and in the retail stores was 12.63%. The poultries are considered as the main reservoir of the Arcobacters. Presence of this bacterium in the poultry meat of the researched region can increase probability of transfer of this pathogenic agent to human through consumption of the feeding products. Thus, it appears that, in order to control infection with this bacterium in the cycle of production and consumption of the poultry meat, it must be careful sufficiently. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Investigating the factors affecting the social functions of urban parks: Study of Javan and Madar Parks in Tonekabon
Mehdi Abbaszadeh soorami Vahid Pouraman HirAbstractIn addition to enabling the relationship between city dwellers and nature, urban parks enhance social interactions, and even affect the social functions of adjacent public spaces. Factors affecting the social functions of urban parks can be divided into two cate MoreAbstractIn addition to enabling the relationship between city dwellers and nature, urban parks enhance social interactions, and even affect the social functions of adjacent public spaces. Factors affecting the social functions of urban parks can be divided into two categories; internal features such as the size, facilities and physical characteristics of the park; and external features, i.e. the park's relationship with the surrounding public spaces. This article examines the two Tonekabon urban parks, which are markedly different in terms of these characteristics, to explain how these distinctive features affect their social functioning.This is a descriptive study and data collection was done by survey and field observation. The statistical sample includes 400 park users, which are selected exclusively from the residents of this city, and Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, t-test, correlation and regression were used to analyze quantitative data. According to the findings, the higher the relationship between parks and activities in the surrounding public spaces, the higher their security and vitality. In the Javan Park, the effect of the interrelationships of the parks with the surrounding activities and public spaces on user satisfaction, and in the Madar Park, the effect of physical quality and facilities on user satisfaction is higher. Although the social functions of urban parks are influenced by various physical factors and characteristics, but parks are integral part of public spaces and activities in it, and even the effectiveness of these factors and characteristics is more influenced by the specific spatial-social context in which the functions of the park are performed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Analysis of Socio-Economic and Physical Environmental Effects of Second Home Construction in Tourism Villages, Based on Host Community point of view (Case Study: Barase Village - Tonkabon Township)
gharib Fazelniya akbar kiani mehdi ramezan zadeh elham afsharIntroduction The second home is one of the reasons that tourists notice to villages. Also, those often built because of spending leisure time in rural areas. The second home phenomenon is growing in developing countries rapidly. Also, it is a respond to r MoreIntroduction The second home is one of the reasons that tourists notice to villages. Also, those often built because of spending leisure time in rural areas. The second home phenomenon is growing in developing countries rapidly. Also, it is a respond to rural crises that caused by change in agricultural methods. In addition, this phenomenon augmented by the climatic and geographic differences, Rural and urban migration, Environmental Pollution, Population and overcrowding in cities, improve of way communications, Increase the benefit of personal car. Over all, developing of such kind of tourism has social, economical and environmental consequences. Research Methodology The aim of this study is to analyze the effects of second home on tourism rural structure of Baraseh village in Tonkabon Township. This study focused on economic, social and physical environment aspects. The descriptive analytic research method was based on documental library studies, documental resources, finding fields and questionnaire surveying. Results The results indicated that the host community satisfaction was less than average, in economic domain, social and physical-environment factors. In this study accounted significant level of alpha 0.05 considered and it was equal to 0.000.this result shows that there is significant agreement between answers. The most important positive outcomes were an increase in job opportunities, sale of local products, improvement in the quality of the services and village's streets and reconstruction of the old houses and reconstruction. The negative consequences are increasing of land and house price, Conversion agricultural gardens to home gardens , increasing of the non-Native ownership of rural land and housing, destroying the rural landscape and the higher construction rate. Conclusion Tourist attractions in potential regions provide an opportunity to develop rural areas, especially tourism villages, which provide people for relaxation and comfort on one hand and on the other hand have deep consequences for the towns themselves and brings opportunities as well as dangers for rural societies. Tourism and second home construction in Berse rural area is Spontaneous and it has no predetermined plan. In fact, it has negative and positive consequences. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - Temporal and Spatial Prediction of Rainfall-Induced Landslides using the Specialized TRIGPS Model
Sahebeh Sadeghi Golam Reza Shoaei Mohammad Reza Nikudel -
Open Access Article
20 - Quality assessment of the public libraries services of Ramsar and Tonekabon by using LibQual from the viewpoint of users
Samaneh Ahmad Moazam mohammad hasanzadeh Sudabeh Shapouri Purpose: This study examines the Quality assessment of the public libraries services in public libraries of Ramsar and Tonekabon cities by using LibQual tools from the viewpoint of users. Methodology: In this survey, for collecting data we use LibQual questionn More Purpose: This study examines the Quality assessment of the public libraries services in public libraries of Ramsar and Tonekabon cities by using LibQual tools from the viewpoint of users. Methodology: In this survey, for collecting data we use LibQual questionnaires. This questionnaire is standard tool that assess quality service from the viewpoint of users. The statistical sample of this survey is 410 users of public libraries of Ramsar and Tonekabon cities (in study period) and the questionnaires were distributed between them. 382questionnaires were returned and after omitting incomplete questionnaires 365 questionnaires were analyzed. Findings: Findings indicate that the level of service received by users Is more than the minimum level they expect in some more items from the minimum level is expected,but Most of them have not met their expectations.The findings showed that the libraries in the information control are weaker than the other dimensions so that their minimum expectations are also not met in using their resources. their resources are not met minimum Conclusion: In addition To quality assessment of the studied libraries in two cities, there has been also meta-analysis of studies in the field of quality of services in public libraries that have been done in other cities. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Prevalence and intensity of parasitic infection from (Leuciscus cephalus) and ( Capoeta capoeta gracilis) of the Neka River
M. H. Gholami B. Mokhayer A. Bozorgnia H. Hosseinzadeh SahafiA total of 200 specimen of two fish species from NekaRiver in the winter and summer, 2009 of two differnt stations were caught by castnet. The fishes were transported alive to laberatory of Islamic Azad University of Ghaemshahr. They killed by cutting their spinal cord MoreA total of 200 specimen of two fish species from NekaRiver in the winter and summer, 2009 of two differnt stations were caught by castnet. The fishes were transported alive to laberatory of Islamic Azad University of Ghaemshahr. They killed by cutting their spinal cord and then measured and weighed. We found one protozoan species, Ichthyophthirius multifiliis on the branchia of Cacasian (Leuciscus cephalus) and Lenkoran (Capoeta capoeta gracilis). The isolated metazoan parasites are Dactylogyrus sp. and Diplozoon sp. from branchia, Gyrodactylus sp. from skin and the nematod Raphidascaris acus from intestine of the mentioned fishes. In this study, 39.58% of Cacasian and 45.19% of Lenkoran were infected with protozoan and metazoan parasites. Dactylogyrus sp. has the highest prevalence and intensity of parasitic infection of these fishes. According to the library investigations, Diplozoone sp. is recorded for the first time from cacasian, of Iran. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - The Study of Effects of Pollution on Macroinvertebrates Populations of Cheshmekile River of Tonekabon Based on Biological Indicators
روح الله عباسپور مسعود هدایتی فرد جواد مسگران کریمی آزاده طوسیCheshmekileRiver in the southern Caspian Sea is an important and valuable habitat for migrating species and birth collect valuable fisheries such as salmon trutta caspius and Rutilus frisii kutuIn. In the present study, to assess the quality of river water Cheshmekile T MoreCheshmekileRiver in the southern Caspian Sea is an important and valuable habitat for migrating species and birth collect valuable fisheries such as salmon trutta caspius and Rutilus frisii kutuIn. In the present study, to assess the quality of river water Cheshmekile Tonekabon in the year 1389-1390 based on macroinvertebrates fauna River studies at four stations within twelve sampling intervals with surber level 0.1m2 and three replicate were performed.The study of 47 families belonging to 15 order and six category macroinvertebrate in the River was identified. Indicator of biodiversity in the River is among the highest diversity of aquatic insect larvae simultaneous sampling benthic some of physical and chemical factors such as water temperature of BOD5 and TDS were measured at stations that the above factors in the stations were significantly different at 0.05. Probability level (pandgt;0.05) did not show. Results show that the order Diptera and Ephemeroptera were organismsat all stations. Maximum abundance of organism at this time to a station 1 with 44% and minimum of 16% were related to the station 4.Kruskal Wallis test order index invertebrates order Plecoptera, Trichoptera, Ephemeroptera, Other in stations throughout is the year indicators a significant difference between the confidence level of 0.05(pandlt;0.05) but the family Chironomidae at four stations during the year showed no significant difference between stations. The investigation showed that the minimum mean EPT/CHIR owned station 4 with 0.79 and the maximum is 3.32 to station 1. Based on biological indicators Hinselhof (HFBI) during the years the station 1 has a very good quality condition, station 2 has a status of good quality, and station 3 has a with an average of stations 4 and the conditions were relatively poor. Results showed that the four stations due to pressure from domestic and municipal sewage and wastewater, machine shops, laundering, branch fish sales and discharge of urban waste in the river with a high pollution load sand and gravel plants, legal and illegal removal of sand from the river bed is relatively weak in terms of seasons creates. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Survey Effects of Benefited Gravels on Benthic Invertebrates in Tonekabon River
مژگان روشن طبریThis research was done for surveying effects of benefited gravels on benthic animals in Tonekaboon River in southern of Caspian Sea from 1382 to 1383. Seasonal sampling were done in two stations from upper and under the river and one station in benefited gravel area .th MoreThis research was done for surveying effects of benefited gravels on benthic animals in Tonekaboon River in southern of Caspian Sea from 1382 to 1383. Seasonal sampling were done in two stations from upper and under the river and one station in benefited gravel area .the samples catch from stations were included 14 families belong to 9 orders from benthic animals. The density of samples population, in first station between 1020 to 5740 N/m3, in second station between 47 to 1230 N/m3, and third station between 251 to 5577 N/m3, were counted in. The least of abundance and biomass were belong to second station and 5% of total benthoses in this area, were content. Because of subversion of habitat and unstable bed of the river and Seston increasing, abundance of benthoses was decreased extremely. The effects of bed destructed to bank of river were traced. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - Effluence of Aquaculture on Bioabundance of Macroinvertebrates in Dohezar River in Tonekabon
جواد مسگران کریمی قباد آذری تاکامی حسین خارا روح الله عباسپورThe present study aims to explore, the Dohezar river biological diversity and abundance of Macro benthos using demographic indicators from October 2010- 0ctober 2011. Samples of macroinvertebrates were collected monthly from 7 stations designated as station 1 (upstream MoreThe present study aims to explore, the Dohezar river biological diversity and abundance of Macro benthos using demographic indicators from October 2010- 0ctober 2011. Samples of macroinvertebrates were collected monthly from 7 stations designated as station 1 (upstream of the river course) to station 7 (downstream of the river course) for a period of 12 months. A combined total of 60 families and 18 orders and 7 class species of macroinvertebraits were encountered in the study. with the sampling of benthic fauna of some physic-chemical factors such as temperature, BOD5, DO, pH were also measured at the station in that the above factors does showed significant difference at the probable level of 5% (Pandlt;0.05) Except DO that does not showed significant difference at the above-mentioned stations.The fauna data surveyed with using SHANON and EPT andamp; EPT/Ch biological index. One-sided variance analysis test of index indicates existing a significant difference among the stations in probable level of 5 %( Pandlt;0.05).According to EPT index, the highest mean belongs to station 3with 70.66 score mean possibly due to minor contamination and the lowest score belongs to station 7 with 22 mean score which has the average level of organic contamination. The EPT/Ch index, the highest mean belongs to station 1with 1.11 score mean possibly due to minor contamination and the lowest score belongs to station 7 with 0.31 mean score which has the average level of organic contamination. . The SHANON index, the highest mean belongs to station 2with 2.27 score mean possibly due to minor contamination and the lowest score belongs to station 7 with 1.77 mean score which has the average level of organic contamination. Manuscript profile
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