Naturalism

Open Access Article

1 - Evaluation of Components of Environmental Quality in Hospital, From a Naturalistic Perspective (Case Study of Shariati Hospital, Tehran)
masoomeh Alereza Amiri Farah Habib Azadeh Shahcheraghi

Introduction: The physical environment of the hospital includes elements that are upgraded, from a naturalistic perspective improves the quality of the treatment environment as well as better perception and satisfaction of users. Therefore, this study aims to improve th More

Introduction: The physical environment of the hospital includes elements that are upgraded, from a naturalistic perspective improves the quality of the treatment environment as well as better perception and satisfaction of users. Therefore, this study aims to improve the environmental quality of therapeutic spaces with a naturalistic approach to health and satisfaction. Case study (Shariati Hospital of Tehran) whose physical changes over a period of one year have been in accordance with physical-environmental criteria in order to benefit from green nature Methods: Content analysis method, survey of theoretical perspectives, and in-depth interviews with professionals, practitioners and architects. Finally, a conceptual model was presented regarding factors, physical and non-physical (socio-psychological) environment affecting the quality of public hospital environment. Statistical population was selected by Cochran sampling method with 0.1 coefficient and questionnaire based on Likert's five-choice spectrum. SPSS software and LISREL software, one of the most used structural equation modeling software, were used for data analysis. Result: The results of the research indicate the effects of the components on improving the quality of the environment with naturalistic approach. The inferential statistics section of the present study is used to investigate the research hypothesis and to generally test the conceptual model of research based on data collected from path analysis. Conclusion: The results of the questionnaire survey indicated that physical-environmental factors play an important role in the quality of the environment. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

2 - Identity & Good in Charles Taylor's view
Shahla Eslami

Charles Taylor has a distinctive status among contemporary philosophers. Taylor’s important concerns are “identity” and the “lack of meaning”. He thinks that modern moral philosophy is lacking in strong evaluation of “identity”. What is dominant in the modern age is a n More

Charles Taylor has a distinctive status among contemporary philosophers. Taylor’s important concerns are “identity” and the “lack of meaning”. He thinks that modern moral philosophy is lacking in strong evaluation of “identity”. What is dominant in the modern age is a naturalistic view, which, as Taylor puts it, destroys the meaning of life; individualism and instrumentalism are consequences of this view. In his historical account, Taylor shows that individualism leads us to authenticity and relativism. Taylor thinks that “identity” is to know who I am and where I stand. Our identity is defined by commitments and identifications. Moreover, identity is formed by our dialogical and social character. Also the Good is shaped in association and dialogue. One of Taylor’s concerns is restoration the meaning to our life. He speaks of frame or horizon within which human beings receive meaning for living. According to Taylor, it is possible to make a relation between “identity” and “good”. One major criticism against Taylor’s thought is that there is an inconsistency between “identity” and “good” in it. In other words, we cannot believe in an identity as formed by dialogue and, at the same time, speak of similar moral intuitions. Manuscript profile

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3 - Maddy’s Naturalistic Approach to Philosophy of Mathematics
Omid Mohammad Heydar

Naturalism is an approach to the world phenomena from perspective ofnatural sciences. This approach avoids any kind of a priori philosophy and, ingeneral, any alleged knowledge of what is supernatural. In ontology,epistemology and methodology, naturalism by no means rel More

Naturalism is an approach to the world phenomena from perspective ofnatural sciences. This approach avoids any kind of a priori philosophy and, ingeneral, any alleged knowledge of what is supernatural. In ontology,epistemology and methodology, naturalism by no means relies onmetaphysics or any kind of knowledge beyond the framework of empiricalsciences neither on any method and criterion except scientific methodologyand criteria. Naturalism, in one of its readings, considers philosophy as abranch of empirical science or a field of enquiry within the framework of sucha science. Penelope Maddy’s works on naturalism, especially in philosophy ofmathematics which this thesis intends to expound, are the continuation ofQuine’s works. Quine, as a prominent naturalist philosopher, is thepropounder of effective and thorough theories regarding naturalism, realismand other relevant areas. Unlike the past philosophers and epistemologists, hedoes not seek any basis, for empirical sciences, stronger than science, so thathe always relies on findings of empirical sciences. Penelope Maddy startsfrom Quine’s naturalism and, in response to the questions posed by othernaturalists in philosophy of mathematics, looks for a fundamental method,emphasizing on the set theory as a crucial basis in her arguments. Maddybelieves that if a conflict arises between philosophical explanation andsuccessful mathematical practices, it is philosophy that should retreat from itsposition. Neither philosophy nor science can annul or change methodologicalprinciples of mathematics, both science and philosophy being metamathematicaltrials for mathematics. Maddy’s important achievement innaturalistic philosophy of mathematics is heterogeneous naturalism to whichhe referred as the Second Philosophy. She recommends only mathematicalmethods and issues, and believes that other disciplines are not in the positionto be able to criticize mathematics. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - The Role of Art in Human Evolution from the Perspective of Evolutionary Naturalistic Aesthetics
Roja Alizadeh

10.30495/pi.2022.19563

On evolutionary naturalist approach, human desire for art and beauty, is the product of his evolution and one of the many adaptations that has been gained through natural and sexual selection during the struggle for survival. Accordingly, the modern man desire for art a More

On evolutionary naturalist approach, human desire for art and beauty, is the product of his evolution and one of the many adaptations that has been gained through natural and sexual selection during the struggle for survival. Accordingly, the modern man desire for art and beauty is the result of a genetic planning that remains of its oldest ancestors. In support of this claim, this approach relied on such things as universality, ancientity, and the ancient history of art as well as its instinct enjoyment. Evolutionary aesthetics utilizes the achievements of various sciences, in particular evolutionary psychology, to seek to justify, from a scientific and naturalistic point of view, the constant companion of arts to humans and to find logical and theoretical reasons for it. From the perspective of the theorists in this field of art and aesthetics, the result of the mechanism of natural and sextual selection, and therefore arising from human instincts, is rooted in human nature. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

5 - Divine Love and the Meaning of Life according to Ibn ‘Arabi’s Worldview
مهدیه سادات کساییزاده

The meaning of life has been perpetually the subject of humancontemplaion and due to current spiritual crisis, recently has beenpsychologically, philosophically and theologically analyzed. "Thevalue of life" is one of the three concepts which could be extractedfrom this More

The meaning of life has been perpetually the subject of humancontemplaion and due to current spiritual crisis, recently has beenpsychologically, philosophically and theologically analyzed. "Thevalue of life" is one of the three concepts which could be extractedfrom this subject, and as the other two concepts, it could bephilosophically analyzed either from naturalistic or supernaturalisticpoints of view. In a theocentric viewpoint, which is considered assupernaturalistic, the relation between the value of human life and Godcould be studied from different angles including the Divine Love. Thepresent article firstly attempts to study the relation between God andthe value of human life by focusing on Divine love and following thisissue in mystical works of Ibn Arabi, and secondly tries to compare theviewpoints of this well-known mystic on the value of human life withthat of western scholars. Ibn Arabi, who believes that the creation ofhuman being has been indebted to God’s love, defines the amorousrelation of God and humans in two levels: a general level and a specificlevel. The first level proves the life value and the second levelstrengthens the sense of meaningfulness of life by using value-basedinterpretation. Through this analysis it will be understood that love hasdifferent aspects and God is the only origin of them. Each of theseaspects could play a significant role in making the life meaningful. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

6 - Common motifs of realism in Sa’di and Walt Whitman’s Poetry
Monireh Ahmad Soltani

Realism is a literary theory in which the poet expresses the social realities in his poetry. Although Sa’di and Walt Whitman are different chronologically, they were successful in expressing the common social subjects and retelling such issues; issu More

Realism is a literary theory in which the poet expresses the social realities in his poetry. Although Sa’di and Walt Whitman are different chronologically, they were successful in expressing the common social subjects and retelling such issues; issues like congeniality, prorogation of justice, picturing cheerfulness, life and its avail. The present article attempts to mention the above issues. Manuscript profile

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7 - Naturalistic view of Chubak and Zola in “Assomoir” and “Purple shirt”
Mahboobe Fahimkalam Mohammad Reza Mohseni Behzad Hashemi

Emile Zola is one of the prominent French writers in the 19th century and one of the famous figures in the field of fiction who is highly interested in describing the facts of his community and in presenting the documented and evil effects of social corru More

Emile Zola is one of the prominent French writers in the 19th century and one of the famous figures in the field of fiction who is highly interested in describing the facts of his community and in presenting the documented and evil effects of social corruption, especially among the vulnerable. Among Iranian novelists, Chubak also tends more to show the ugliness of society.We aim in this study to deal with the main themes of these two writers’ works as well as their preferred language,their writing style and finally the outstanding features of their fiction characters to show the naturalistic view of both authors especially in the “Assomoir” and “Purple shirt”. Manuscript profile

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8 - Walt Whitman and Ahmad Shamloo
shamsi parsa Golnaz peyvandi

Abstract Both Walt Whitman and Ahmad Shamloo are modernist poets who have commonalities in form and content in their poems. Common poetic contents such as being naturalism, humanism, paying attention to social and political issues and human body along with the soul and More

Abstract Both Walt Whitman and Ahmad Shamloo are modernist poets who have commonalities in form and content in their poems. Common poetic contents such as being naturalism, humanism, paying attention to social and political issues and human body along with the soul and spirit are seen in their works. Regarding poetic styles, both of them believe in freedom from the rhyme restriction and they use rhythmic speech and make a new way in poetry. Like Whitman Shamloo brought in colloquial and conversational language to the poetry. But Shamloo paid special attention to the rich, poetical and epic language and his epic and mythical tone is affected by the texts of holy book. There are also some confrontations in their works. Most of the time Shamloo praises the heroes.This hero is sometimes a warrior and sometimes his beloved. But Walt Whitman praises not only human but also plants, animals and inanimate. Sufism in Whitman's poems is seen more than Shamloo's Manuscript profile

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9 - Signs of naturalism in “Sange Sabour” and “Zoqaq Al-Madaq”
Vahideh Norouzzadeh Chegini Elham Maryami

Every literary movement forms under certain circumstances such as social, economic, political and historical. Nineteenth century in the West is the development of science and industrialism. In the nineteenth century, humans thought that can answer all your questions onc More

Every literary movement forms under certain circumstances such as social, economic, political and historical. Nineteenth century in the West is the development of science and industrialism. In the nineteenth century, humans thought that can answer all your questions once through science. Even the writers were trying to deal with literature scientifically. Then naturalism entered to literature. Naturalism is close to Realist and their diagnosis is difficult. One of the problems of critic of Choubak’s novels, especially “Sange Sabour”, is it. Some know realistic and some say naturalistic. Literary movements effect on Arabic contemporary literature too. “Zoqaq Al-Madaq” is a realistic work that has sign of naturalistic. In this paper, we introduce two novels, match them and find signs of naturalism in them. Manuscript profile

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10 - The Comparative Study between Nima Yushij's Letters and Jean-Jacques Rousseau’ Emile
Maryam Haghi

Nima Yushij (1276-1338) is one of the most famous and influential contemporary poets. In addition to the poem and literary works, Nima Yushij has also a collection of letters containing Nima's comments on various topics. One of the important issues found in the Nima&rsq More

Nima Yushij (1276-1338) is one of the most famous and influential contemporary poets. In addition to the poem and literary works, Nima Yushij has also a collection of letters containing Nima's comments on various topics. One of the important issues found in the Nima’s letter series is the educational issues. Nima, who has taught for several years, is closely acquainted with the issues and problems of this field and has criticized many of the country's educational systems, including poor school conditions, weaknesses in textbook writing, teachers' lack of motivation, etc. Nima appeared to have been influenced by Jean-Jacques Rousseau (1778-1778), a French author and philosopher, and especially his "Emile", in expressing some of his educational ideas. Nima, like Rousseau, prefers the nature and the countryside to the city life and believes that children should be raised as much as possible in nature and away from the city, and the most important childhood education is physical education and stimulation of curiosity. The aim of this study is to analyze Nima’s ideas in his letters concerning education and how he was affected by Jean Jacques Rousseau, especially his Emile. Manuscript profile

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11 - Critical Study of Ethical Conflicts from David Ross Point of View Based on Verses and Traditions
Samereh Shahedi Mohammad Reza Zamiri

One of the most important applied ethics and ethics philosophy issues is the "ethical conflict". Because human being would face conflicts between attainment and failure in doing his duties. According to David Ross, the doer of the ethics may meet several and differemt d More

One of the most important applied ethics and ethics philosophy issues is the "ethical conflict". Because human being would face conflicts between attainment and failure in doing his duties. According to David Ross, the doer of the ethics may meet several and differemt duties which can play vital role in doing the main duties in special conditions. Duty is a must duty at first glimpse; when there is a duty, the assumption is that the task should be done unless there is a stronger ethical consideration for it. Ross's view point is not proper for solving this problem because of a defection in expressing the duties chain and series and its unlogical order. Manuscript profile

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12 - New tendency to nature Nima's
Ali Mohammad Batavani

About two-third of hundred eighty five poems of Nima's is directly driven from nature. So, nature is whole-length mirror of his spirituals, mental and meditations. Among three kinds of naturalism writing – descriptive, imitation and compilation (interpretation) - More

About two-third of hundred eighty five poems of Nima's is directly driven from nature. So, nature is whole-length mirror of his spirituals, mental and meditations. Among three kinds of naturalism writing – descriptive, imitation and compilation (interpretation) - Nima's natural desiring is to compile. In this kind of naturalism, poet inclined to nature; whether in case compilation, namely like and become familiar nature or in case interpretation that is paraphrase and comment on it. Therefore Nima is poet that he is mixed with nature as doesn’t imagine from nature himself. Manuscript profile

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13 - Compare the effects of teaching environmental issues by participatory image-concept method and conventional method on learning, retention and nature relatedness (NR) of fifth grade students
farokh faizi Hossein Mahdizadeh Shirzad Aghaei

This study aims to investigate and compare the effect of implementing the teaching model of partnership image concept and common method of teaching on learning and retention of environmental concepts and the amount of naturalism among students of elementary school fifth More

This study aims to investigate and compare the effect of implementing the teaching model of partnership image concept and common method of teaching on learning and retention of environmental concepts and the amount of naturalism among students of elementary school fifth grade. The methodology of a survey was semi-experimental with pretest and posttest carried out for the control group. The population included elementary fifth-grade students in the city of Mahidasht, Kermanshah in the school year of 1391-92 and the sample included 38 persons in two classes and was chosen according to principle random assignment of subjects in groups. In both groups (treatment and control) the subjects witnessed the concept of human relation and the environment using the method of concept image based on based on partnership and common methods, respectively. To collect data, the teacher-made test of learning, retention and the scale of having relation with nature by Nesbit and et al (2009) were used. The validity was confirmed based on the idea of experts’ and the reliability was calculated according to a retesting method as well as correlation equal to 79%. The survey results showed that the learning and retention functionality of students taught with partnership image concept model were higher than other group and in terms of naturalism; the treatment subjects had the more positive viewpoint on nature than the control group. Manuscript profile

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14 - Image processing of "tree" in Naderpoor’s poems
behrooz roomiyani alireza shahraki

In Persian and universal literature, particular tent to nature is found. Byliving in nature, people can beaccustomingwith nature. We can see this kind of attention in national verses. Natural components are: flowers, trees, rivers, seas, birds. In the verses or three fa More

In Persian and universal literature, particular tent to nature is found. Byliving in nature, people can beaccustomingwith nature. We can see this kind of attention in national verses. Natural components are: flowers, trees, rivers, seas, birds. In the verses or three famous poets , Nima Ushij and Naderpoor, we can find purports about nature. Because of living in nature, these three poets use natural figures and outlooks. We select these three poets because of their common trait about using natural scenes in their verses, it’s important to know that nature in Nima’s verses has symbolic purports but in Naderpoor’s verses we can find mystic in natural scenes. This research tries to peruse nature in verses of Nima Ushij and naderpoor. Manuscript profile

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15 - Naturalistic features "The Sea is still calm" of Ahmed Mahmoud
reza Jalili

since literary schools represent a component of social, political and cultural cycle, they can be considered as one of the most important criteria for understanding: the style, the literary characteristics and the critical points of the literary works in different perio More

since literary schools represent a component of social, political and cultural cycle, they can be considered as one of the most important criteria for understanding: the style, the literary characteristics and the critical points of the literary works in different periods. the first appearance of "Naturalism" in the persian literature con be found in the comstitution ages. Ahmad Mahmood is one of the best representive of naturalism whose style shows that he successed to Illustrate the principles of Naturalism in his works what are the most important principles of Naturalism in "The Sea is still calm"?, is the main question in this article and the research method is an analystic – descriptive one. Ahmad Mahmood's attention to: "physiological aspects", "breaking the false respect of words & phrases", "denial of freedom", "descriptive and colloquial style", "detailed descriptions and detail" "the limitation of physical abilities", "the human characters with animal habits", and "the tragic end of the story", cause a naturalism atmosphere and show the undesired situation of his society. so, "The Sea is still calm," is a literary reaction to economic weaknesses and shortcomings. Manuscript profile

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16 - Examining naturalistic effects in Dolatabadi and Dervishian short stories
roonak samadi khalil baygzadeh Roqieh sadraie

The literary school of naturalism emerged from the point of realism that considered nature as an influential element in the structure of life, and its purpose was expressing the painful facts of society.The author's style Dolatabadi and Darvishian is Realism and is one More

The literary school of naturalism emerged from the point of realism that considered nature as an influential element in the structure of life, and its purpose was expressing the painful facts of society.The author's style Dolatabadi and Darvishian is Realism and is one of the most talented writers among the third-generation story writers of Iranian fiction literature. Short stories Despite the differences in writing style, in the dimension of thought there are similarities in the aspect of thought that the two authors' naturalistic thoughts in their short stories are one of these similarities, as many naturalistic theories in the short stories of Dolatabadi and Darvishyans which is generally related to the atmosphere of Iran that has seen during the Second Pahlavi era.These writers depict the ugliness of the Iranian society of the 1990s clearly under certain conditions of the political and social conditions of the Pahlavi era.Therefore, the research has been conducted with the aim of explaining the naturalist effects in the works of Dolatabadi and Darvishian with a descriptive-analytical approach. Its achievement is analyzing the common features of naturalism:poverty and unemployment, violence against women, ignorance and superstition, lack of love and Beauty, the function of colloquial language, detailed descriptions the details, death and a sad ending describing the suffering and difficulties of life. Failure to respect the words and concepts is a dark and annoying atmosphere in the short stories of these two writers. Manuscript profile

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17 - Comparing Characterization of women in stories of Chubak with stories of Daneshvar
mahmoud sadeghzadeh Maryam shams

Sadegh Chubak(1377-1295) and Simin Daneshvar(1300) are among the most technical novelists with special style in south school, who each have addressed personalities ,characteristics and problems of women with Specific expression. in this quaere, while short introduction More

Sadegh Chubak(1377-1295) and Simin Daneshvar(1300) are among the most technical novelists with special style in south school, who each have addressed personalities ,characteristics and problems of women with Specific expression. in this quaere, while short introduction Daneshvar and Chubak's life and refer to kinds of story’s characters , through the reading and analysis of their fiction, has been tried to Review, compare and evaluation similarity aspects and difference methods of characterization, positive and negative attributes of women and their main components. quantitative results has been presented as charts and graphs too. Daneshvar has allocated more than 65 percent of her stories to the female’s character, And chubak has allocated 17 percent.has. Daneshvar has acted more realistic and natural in reconstruction and retrieve female character, while chubak (terms of Naturalistic perspective) has shown most detestable woman's face with reckless expression. Passive women in tight Hesar of inheritance, who are in Environmental determinism and instinct. Key words: Fiction, Sadegh Chubak, Simin Daneshvar, Characterization of women, Realism ,Naturalism. Manuscript profile

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18 - A Survey on Ideological views of a Novelist: Naturalistic Analysis of Mahmoud Dowlatabadi’s Stories
Kiumars Rahmani

Naturalism was a literary movement taking place from the 1880s to 1940s that used detailed realism to suggest that social conditions, heredity, and environment had inescapable force in shaping human character. Naturalism is the outgrowth of literary reali More

Naturalism was a literary movement taking place from the 1880s to 1940s that used detailed realism to suggest that social conditions, heredity, and environment had inescapable force in shaping human character. Naturalism is the outgrowth of literary realism, a prominent literary movement in mid-19th-century France and elsewhere. Naturalistic writers were influenced by Darwin’s theory of evolution, philosophical-literal ideas of Taine and experiments of a physiologist named Claude Bernard. Also, philosophical opinions of Kant and Taine which were based on interpretations of social life and relationships influenced the principles of naturalism importantly. Thus, Naturalists believe that people’s behavior has the tendency to be objectified and treated like a machine and it would be impossible to judge it morally because of heredity, environment and moment is inevitable. Hence, we can have knowledge of the mechanisms of natural phenomena in man to define rational and emotional parts of his being which are under the influence of heredity, environment, and the moment. This paper aimed at identifying and describing the naturalistic aspects of Mahmoud Dowlatabadi stories. Naturalistic analysis of his stories can help us to have better in depth insight of his ideology. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

19 - Critical matching of the story "The sea is still calm" from Ahmad Mahmoud with the components of the school of naturalism
reza JALILI

  Literary schools are considered important criteria for understanding the literary qualities of different periods because they represent the social, political and cultural components of each period. One of these schools is naturalism, which was originally introduc More

  Literary schools are considered important criteria for understanding the literary qualities of different periods because they represent the social, political and cultural components of each period. One of these schools is naturalism, which was originally introduced to Persian fiction literature through the translation of the works of American and European writers during the Constitutional Revolution. Ahmad Mahmoud, as one of the prominent representatives of naturalism, has involved the rules and components of this school with the intention of recounting social critique and explaining the attitudes of the people in his stories. The descriptive-analytical study of the most important naturalistic features of "the sea is still calm" shows that with regard to elements such as "physiological aspects", "breaking the false vocabulary", "negation of freedom and belief in historical and social algebra", "conversational style", "Detailed descriptions and detailed descriptions", "limitation of physical capacity", "creation of animal characters" and "tragic end of the story", the story referred to a literary reaction to the main weaknesses and deprivations of the Iranian society in the thirties and forties Solar is considered. In some cases, according to the cultural and religious context of the target group, Mahmood left some of the components of naturalism that "the lack of attention to the genetic impact on people's lives", "the lower frequency of taboo vocabulary" and "addressing issues beyond nature at a limited level" of That sentence is. Manuscript profile

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20 - The formation of sustainability literature (sacred defense) according to the influence of the Islamic revolution
Kowsar Danesh Abdolhosseyn Farzad Ahmad Khatami

The literature of stability and sacred defense is a fruitful branch of Persian literature after the Islamic revolution, which was formed based on Islamic principles and resistance against the invading enemy. Our aim is to analyze the evolution of this type of sustainabl More

The literature of stability and sacred defense is a fruitful branch of Persian literature after the Islamic revolution, which was formed based on Islamic principles and resistance against the invading enemy. Our aim is to analyze the evolution of this type of sustainable literature during the last four decades. Therefore, based on the theoretical framework of "Literary Flowology" and the use of historical analysis method, we have tried to periodize the evolution of the sacred defense literature into four periods, and examine the important works of each period, in terms of thematic and thematic aspects, by identifying the "superior frequency"Among them, let's identify the existing literary trends. Our findings show that the dominant literary stream from the beginning of the war to the present time is the stream of Islamic and religious revolution literature, which has a realist approach, but this approach has undergone changes during the past four decades. Manuscript profile

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21 - Analysis of the Educational and Emotional Themes of Nasser Keshavarz's Children's poems
Farzaneh Farazmand Mahmoud Sadeghzadeh Hadi Heidarinia

10.30495/pars.2022.699736

Nasser Keshavarz is one of the contemporary poets who wrote children's poetry. The main goal of the present research was to explain the prominent and frequently used themes in the children's poems of Nasser Keshavarz. Therefore, the most important themes, sub-themes and More

Nasser Keshavarz is one of the contemporary poets who wrote children's poetry. The main goal of the present research was to explain the prominent and frequently used themes in the children's poems of Nasser Keshavarz. Therefore, the most important themes, sub-themes and messages of the Keshavarz’s children's poems have been investigated and evaluated in the form of a qualitative research approach by using the method of descriptive analysis and inductive analysis. The statistical community and the scope of the current research was Nasser Keshavarz's children's poems. Among the numerous books of the poet, eleven poems have been selected as samples. The criterion for determining the sample size was to reach theoretical saturation. Data analysis was done through using Stirling (2006) coding. The findings of the research show that Nasser Keshavarz raised four organizing themes in his children's poems. These four themes were obtained in the methodological path of the current research and by combining and summarizing 53 basic subjects. It can be said that Keshavarz is one of the successful poets of contemporary Iran who has preserved the narrative mode and story flow in his works. He has shown his ability in writing children's poems and mixing children's language with the world of childhood and imagination. The main themes of Nasser Keshavarz's poems include: education, enjoyable and entertaining topics, naturalism, emotional and emotional. In the meantime, emotional and sensational themes are considered to be the most important and prominent themes of Nasser Keshavarz's children's poems,     Manuscript profile

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22 - Matching The Components of Naturalism With Works of Sadegh Choubak
Latifeh Salamat Bavil Fattaneh Ghomlaghi

Sadegh Choubak is an author who describes the life of the lower classes of society in his books. He uses the language and tune them to illustrate the bitter realities of their ugly life with extreme details and attention. His realistic view of life depicts a world of mi More

Sadegh Choubak is an author who describes the life of the lower classes of society in his books. He uses the language and tune them to illustrate the bitter realities of their ugly life with extreme details and attention. His realistic view of life depicts a world of miserable people - who have no choice over their lives- for the readers. The school of naturalism considers nature as a primary concept which concerns every event in the world. After a little time excitement in the behavior of followers of this school overcomes imposed censorships and expresses the ugliness and disasters of the society in which no other author had mentioned before him. Sadegh Choubak as a naturalistic writer has utilized these disorders to the advantage of his works. this article, Reviews the impact of naturalism on his works with an analytical – descriptive method. Manuscript profile

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23 - Manuchehri and the impact of Pre-Islamic Literature on his Poetry
Laila Hallaj zadeh

In this article attempt is made to investigate the impact of Jahili poetry on Manouchehri’s poetry.  Since many themes in Manouchehri’s poems are taken from the poetry of poets in this period of ignorance, this question arises that if this genre of Arab More

In this article attempt is made to investigate the impact of Jahili poetry on Manouchehri’s poetry.  Since many themes in Manouchehri’s poems are taken from the poetry of poets in this period of ignorance, this question arises that if this genre of Arabic poetry was not at his disposal, would we have witnessed such expressions in Manoucheri’s poetry or not? Meanwhile that this article answers the above question, it provides evidences to show the influence of subject matters used by Arab Poets on Manouchehri’s poetry. Manuscript profile

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