List of Articles Natural gas

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  1 - Forecasting the Price of Natural Gas Using Developed Methods Based on Grays and Fractals
  Saeed Emami Koupaee Shiva Zamani A. Reza Heidarzadeh Hanzaee M. Reza Shahnazari
  The importance of predicting the price of energy carriers for the development of the economy and industry today is not overlooked. Meanwhile, predicting natural gas prices as one of the most important carriers of energy and an important role in providing clean energy ca More

  The importance of predicting the price of energy carriers for the development of the economy and industry today is not overlooked. Meanwhile, predicting natural gas prices as one of the most important carriers of energy and an important role in providing clean energy can be considered as an important tool in industrial development decision making. In this paper, we have investigated the nonlinear behavior of natural gas prices in a multi-year period, as well we have introduced methods for the development and synthesis of fractalization (FDGM) has been used to predict the price of natural gas. The results of the price forecast based on the introduced methods, Indicates the effectiveness of these methods. At the same time, given the fractal nature of the price of natural gas in the period under review, the results show that the forecast error using the FDGM method is always below 7%. And very good results were obtained using combination fractional and fractional methods. Manuscript profile
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  2 - Estimation of Natural Gas Demand Function in Residential and Commercial Sectors in Iran: a Nonlinear Approach
  علیرضا حاج ملاعلی کنی مجید عباسپور زهرا عابدی
  This paper attempts to model the demand function for natural gas in residential and commercial sectors in Iran using econometric approach of smooth transition regression in a continuous and nonlinear manner. To this end, the annual data of natural gas real price and ele More

  This paper attempts to model the demand function for natural gas in residential and commercial sectors in Iran using econometric approach of smooth transition regression in a continuous and nonlinear manner. To this end, the annual data of natural gas real price and electricity real price in residential and commercial sectors, revenue, the number of natural gas consumers and mean temperature for the period 1972 to 2009 have been utilized as the impact factors of natural gas demand in residential and commercial sectors. The results indicate that natural gas demand follows a two-regime pattern of LSTR1 considering the real price of natural gas in residential and commercial sectors as the transition variable. The LSTR1 model estimated the regime switching point, or the threshold extreme, to be at 60.95 Rials-Cubic Meter of real price of natural gas, and determined the slope parameter to be 27.6. Variables such as revenue, real price of gas, and the number of consumers affect the natural gas consumption positively in residential and commercial sectors and their effectiveness increase as the threshold extreme is passed. Natural gas demand. On the other hand, it maintains an inverse relation with the real price of natural gas whose effectiveness increases with entry into the second regime. Manuscript profile
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  3 - TAPI1: Project Background and Challenges Ahead
  Maryam Baei lashaki Ezatolah Ezati
  Natural gas, having less polluting effects on environment as well as easier accessibility and transferability, has been enjoying the highest demand growth among the fossil fuels for the last few years. The world's largest gas reserves are located in Persian Gulf and Cas More

  Natural gas, having less polluting effects on environment as well as easier accessibility and transferability, has been enjoying the highest demand growth among the fossil fuels for the last few years. The world's largest gas reserves are located in Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea regions and the countries of South and East Asia are considered the largest markets for the consumption of gas coming from the regions. There are alternate routes to transport the gas from Persian Gulf and Caspian Sea. One of the options is the transport of natural gas from Turkmenistan through Afghanistan and Pakistan to India.This paper seeks to answer the question that "what are the Background, challenges and the obstacles of Turkmenistan-to-India Pipeline Project known as TAPI? The findings of the research show that there are many factors involved in the pipeline project implementation and there are also many challenges and problems within the project construction and transport processes. Such problems, if not solved properly, will surely interfere with the construction and transport processes. Manuscript profile
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  4 - Experimental Study of the Effect of Using Fin on the Fire Tube of Gas Pressure Reduction Station Heater on Thermal Efficiency and and Reducing the Emission of Greenhouse Gas
  Saeed Rastegar Hadi Kargarsharifabad Nader Rahbar Mohammad Behshad Shafii,
  10.22034/jest.2020.51771.5041
  Background and Objective: The pressure of the natural gas at the pressure reduction station is reduced by the regulator and by the general law of the gases, the gas temperature is reduced by decreasing in constant volume. If the gas temperature falls below the dew point More

  Background and Objective: The pressure of the natural gas at the pressure reduction station is reduced by the regulator and by the general law of the gases, the gas temperature is reduced by decreasing in constant volume. If the gas temperature falls below the dew point temperature, it can form hydrates, freeze, and eventually blockage and clogging of the gas passage. Therefore, indirect water bath heater is used to increase the gas temperature before the pressure reduction. At present, the thermal efficiency of these heaters is very low and a large amount of fuel is wasted in the heaters. Material and Methodology: In this paper, using fin in the gas pressure reduction station heater fire tube on its thermal efficiency and greenhouse gas investigated experimentally and and the thermodynamic and heat transfer characteristics of the heater are compared in the usual case and in the fin state. Findings: The results showed that using fin in the heater fire tube increased the thermal efficiency of the heater and the heat transfer coefficient by 14% and 19%, respectively. Discussion and Conclusion: If the results of the increasing in efficiency were applied to all gas pressure reduction station heaters, the energy saving and the reduction of greenhouse gas emissions over one year were estimated to be 40 million cubic meters and 76.75 thousand tons, respectively. Manuscript profile
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  5 - مطالعه و مقایسه تجربی سوخت دوگانه فقیر (بنزین - گاز طبیعی) بر اساس آوانس بهینه جرقه
  سیدکاظم یکانی ابراهیم عبدی اقدم مهرداد سرابی
  10.30495/ijim.2022.19651
  وابستگی جدی زندگی روزمره‌ی به خودروهای موتوری، افزایش آلودگی محیط زیست بالاخص در مناطق شهری و تقلیل منابع نفتی جهان، چالش‌هایی را برای اتخاذ تصمیمات مناسب بمنظور بهبود بازده، کاهش آلاینده‌ها، اقتصاد سوخت و انتخاب سوخت‌های جایگزین بوجود آورده است. در کار حاضر ایده‌ی فقیر More

  وابستگی جدی زندگی روزمره‌ی به خودروهای موتوری، افزایش آلودگی محیط زیست بالاخص در مناطق شهری و تقلیل منابع نفتی جهان، چالش‌هایی را برای اتخاذ تصمیمات مناسب بمنظور بهبود بازده، کاهش آلاینده‌ها، اقتصاد سوخت و انتخاب سوخت‌های جایگزین بوجود آورده است. در کار حاضر ایده‌ی فقیرسوزی بهمراه بهره‌گیری از حالت سوخت ترکیبی بنزین - گاز طبیعی بعنوان بهبود در توسعه‌ی موتورهای اشتعال جرقه‌ای درنظر گرفته شده است. بطور تجربی عملکرد و آلایندگی یک موتور پژوهشی تک‌سیلندر با استفاده از چهار ترکیب مختلف بنزین-گاز طبیعی (با سوخت غالب بنزین) بر پایه­ی جرمی شامل 100%، 5/87%، 75% و 5/62%  بنزین و مابقی گاز طبیعی (نامگذاری شده بصورت G100، G87.5، G75 و G62.5 مورد بررسی قرار گرفته است. مطالعه در محدوده‌ی شرایط غیرکوبشی تحت شرایط فقیر با نسبت هم‌ارزی 9/0 و سرعت rpm 1800 در حداقل هفت آوانس جرقه دنبال شده است. از تحلیل تغییرات فشار درون­سیلندری ملاحظه شد که با افزایش درصد حضور گازطبیعی در ترکیب، مقادیر انحراف معیار و ضریب تغییرات، COV، کاهش یافتند. به طور ضمنی مشاهده شد که ، برای سوخت های ترکیبی، توزیع غیر یکنواخت هر سوخت می تواند به عنوان منبع جدیدی برای تغییرات سیکلی باشد. در شرایط فقیرسوزی در نظر گرفته شده در آوانس بهینه امن، گشتاور خروجی و imep برای مخلوط های سوخت حاوی گازطبیعی قابل مقایسه با بنزین خالص است.  Manuscript profile
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  6 - An Experimental Analysis of the Knock Response of Different Stoichiometric Mixtures of Gasoline-Natural Gas to Various Engine ‎Speeds
  رضا بهراد ابراهیم عبدی اقدم هادی غائبی
  10.30495/ijim.2023.20734
  بنزین به دلیل داشتن دمای اشتعال خود­به­خودی پایین­تر باعث کوبش موتور در نسبت تراکم بالاتر می­شود. گاز طبیعی (NG) عدد اکتان بالاتری دارد و از نظر خواص ضدکوبشی سوخت مناسبی است. با این حال، استفاده از آن به عنوان سوخت موتور منجر به افزایش انتشار برخی از گاز More

  بنزین به دلیل داشتن دمای اشتعال خود­به­خودی پایین­تر باعث کوبش موتور در نسبت تراکم بالاتر می­شود. گاز طبیعی (NG) عدد اکتان بالاتری دارد و از نظر خواص ضدکوبشی سوخت مناسبی است. با این حال، استفاده از آن به عنوان سوخت موتور منجر به افزایش انتشار برخی از گازهای آلاینده­ی خروجی و کاهش قدرت موتور می شود که دلیل آن کاهش سرعت سوختن و طبیعت گازی سوخت است. استفاده از مخلوط بنزین و NG با سوخت غالب بنزین می­تواند کاهش قدرت موتور را جبران کرده و از وقوع کوبش موتور جلوگیری کند. با در نظر گرفتن این موضوع، در مطالعه حاضر، 4 ترکیب مختلف بنزین و NG شامل 100%، 90%، 80% و 70% بنزین و مابقی NG (به ترتیب GA100، GA90، GA80 و GA70) با استفاده از یک موتور تحقیقاتی SI تک سیلندر با نسبت هم­ارزی 1.0، نسبت تراکم 11، و سرعت موتور 1500، 1800 و 2100 دور در دقیقه به صورت تجربی مورد بررسی قرار گرفت. Manuscript profile
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  7 - A Fuzzy Goal-Programming Model for Optimization of Sustainable Supply Chain by Focusing on the Environmental and Economic Costs and Revenue: A Case Study
  Mohammad Reza Zamanian Ehsan Sadeh Zeinolabedin Amini Sabegh Reza Ehtesham Rasi
  10.22034/amfa.2019.578990.1134
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  8 - Studying the effects of Gas and Liquid velocities in modeling of the simultaneous removal CO2 and H2S using MEA in a hollow fiber membrane contactor
  E Amirahmadia M Talaghat
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  9 - A dynamic model for the optimal and sustainable development of the use of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) buses in Tehran
  Seyed Jamalaldin Razavinasab Mahdi Fadaei Ashkiki Mahdi Homayounfar Maryam Ooshaksaraie
  10.30495/imj.2022.1943498.1703
  Energy consumption management is essential because the natural resources should be preserved for the future people, and environment, the economy and the energy security of the country are also considered. Air pollution in Tehran has increased very much and thousands of More

  Energy consumption management is essential because the natural resources should be preserved for the future people, and environment, the economy and the energy security of the country are also considered. Air pollution in Tehran has increased very much and thousands of people die every year because of it. In addition, the supply of diesel fuel under the current political circumstances of the country and the allocation of high value of subsidies to it have become a big problem for the government; the use of Compressed Natural Gas (CNG) buses for public transportation can be a solution to this problem. However, the CNG buses are not widely used in recent years. Based on historical approaches and using system dynamics (SD), the factors and feedback affecting the sustainable increase in the number CNG buses are identified in this paper and a dynamic model is introduced for the optimal and sustainable development of CNG buses. The model was validated and a 10-year period was simulated; according to the results, if the government does not increase the rate of its purchased CNG buses, the rate of the CBG buses being used now will be reduced from 38 percent to 14 percent in 2032. If 282 new CNG buses are purchased annually, the number of CNG buses and the number of diesel buses will be almost the same in 2032. Accordingly, fuel pollution produced by the buses and the fuel subsidies will be reduced. Manuscript profile
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  10 - Prediction of Residual Gas Consumption using Temperature and Population of ConsumersUse case : Residual Consumers of Karaj
  Masoud Akbari Mahdi Asghari Aliakbar Imami Satlou Parham Davari Shahnaz Salamat Thani Nahid Taherian Mansour Gholinejda
  Natural gas has a vital role as energy supplier in Iranian residual regions. According to reports of manager of dispatching department of National Iranian Gas Company, residual consumers had a share of 70 percentage of all manufactured natural gas, on cold days of 2021. More

  Natural gas has a vital role as energy supplier in Iranian residual regions. According to reports of manager of dispatching department of National Iranian Gas Company, residual consumers had a share of 70 percentage of all manufactured natural gas, on cold days of 2021. Also about 88 percentage of the country's electricity is supplied by fossil fuels, based on the report of Water and Electricity Industry. All of these statistics warn us about the importance of residential gas management. In this article, a nonlinear regression model was produced based on temperature and population of residential consumers in different periods of year. Also consumptions of residential consumers of Karaj city used to evaluate performance of the model. Results show that there is a meaningful correlation between selected features and consumed amount of natural gas that can help us to predict consumption more accurate in future. Manuscript profile
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  11 - Feasibility study of influence of Abshirin and Deh-nar fault on salt structure of Nasr-Abad of Kashan In order to establishment of natural gas storage
  Maryam Keshavarz Safiei Mohammad Ali Ganjavian Mohammad Ali Kavoosi Abbas Bahroudi
  In order to balance between gas produce and gas consumption in cold seasons which accounts as peak time, Gasstorage is as fundamental approaches which guarantee gas of country. In this regard, salt structure of Nasr Abadin Kashan has suitable potential and can be used a More

  In order to balance between gas produce and gas consumption in cold seasons which accounts as peak time, Gasstorage is as fundamental approaches which guarantee gas of country. In this regard, salt structure of Nasr Abadin Kashan has suitable potential and can be used as the largest site of natural gas storage in central Iran scope.Feasibility study with purpose of determining fault mechanism around the salt structure is an essential thing. Inorder to eliminate ambiguities, field operation is with analysis of the structure and kinetic geometry of faults ,right on the diversion channel , analysis of stereo graphic images, gravity interpretations such as documents ofstrike- slip activity with reverse component of Abshirin fault. Abshirin fault with a length of about 10 km, withapproximate distance of 2-3 km in salt structure is depreciated, which stands in a separation about 3.5 km towardDeh-nar fault as right stepping pattern arrangement . According to the obtained results, finally we concluded thatAbshirin faults and Deh-nar faults are not so significant impact on gas storage site. Manuscript profile
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  12 - Pricing Model of National Gas Exports via Pipeline on the Base of Game Theory
  Ali Akbar Naji Meidani Gholam Ali Rahimi
  One of the most important issues in the field of natural gas export via pipeline is the lack of pricing strategy, and providing an optimum pricing mechanism has always been one of the biggest challenges for gas export contracts. In this paper a pricing mechanism based o More

  One of the most important issues in the field of natural gas export via pipeline is the lack of pricing strategy, and providing an optimum pricing mechanism has always been one of the biggest challenges for gas export contracts. In this paper a pricing mechanism based on Game theory provided. The pricing mechanism has been developed based on cooperation among producing countries, consumers and gas transmitters that in the case of gas-exporting countries' commitment to it, the interests of these countries will be supplied. So, taking into account the realities of the market and according to the conditions of transmitter country, different scenarios have been compiled and according to it, the modeling is accomplished. The results of the different models in determining price, quantity and optimum tariff for two cooperative and non-cooperative games is that the interest of member countries in cooperative game is far greater than non-cooperative game. Manuscript profile
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  13 - Cross-Border Gas Pipelines and Energy Security of Islamic Republic Of Iran
  Hojjat Salimi
  Abstract: Nowadays   the security of energy is one of the most important dimensions of national security and focus of attention of all states. Iran for the reason of having rich natural gas resources and special geopolitical location has great potential in int More

  Abstract: Nowadays   the security of energy is one of the most important dimensions of national security and focus of attention of all states. Iran for the reason of having rich natural gas resources and special geopolitical location has great potential in international gas trade through pipeline. The purpose of the present paper is to explain the challenges that Iran is facing for providing security of energy through cross border pipelines. The basic point is what are the most important challenges which Iran is facing in natural gas trade through cross border pipelines and what are the solution for managing these challenges? The descriptive-analytical examination of the issue shows that Iran is facing challenges in three sectors. These challenges are the security of supply, demand and transit, but the most important among these three is the security of demand. In the direction of maintaining demand and diversification of it, the suitable solution is the increase in attraction of foreign investment and transfer of technical know-how, readiness to increase supply in emergency situation when the demand suddenly increases and subsiding the international disputes in supply of natural gas. Manuscript profile
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  14 - Non-oxidative conversion of methane to aromatics over modified zeolite catalysts by transitional metals
  Elmira Yaghinirad Hassan Aghdasinia Ali Naghizadeh Aligholi Niaei
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  15 - The evaluation of effective risk management criteria in the of natural gas distribution network projects implementation with fuzzy SWARA and fuzzy best- the worst method approach
  Ammar Rostami Najafabadi Mehrdad Nikbakht Atefeh Amindoust Mehdi Karbasian
  Gas distribution networks are considered essential. Therefore, considering the importance of the implementation of such projects and the challenges raised in this field, the present study tries to evaluate the key criteria of risk management in the implementation of net More

  Gas distribution networks are considered essential. Therefore, considering the importance of the implementation of such projects and the challenges raised in this field, the present study tries to evaluate the key criteria of risk management in the implementation of network projects by comparing two fuzzy multi-indicator decision-making techniques. Pay for the distribution of natural gas. For this purpose, by selecting a number of 36 experts and experts in the field of natural gas industry, using a researcher-made questionnaire, Lawshe method and multi-indicator decision- making techniques based on fuzzy SWARA and fuzzy best- the worst method were used. The obtained results indicate that, out of 32 risk management criteria, 17 criteria were identified as key risk management criteria. Also, based on the results, it is concluded is consistent that the final and definitive weight of the criterion of inadequacy or lack of technical information for design in carrying out the fuzzy best- the worst method multi-indicator decision-making technique with the second rank of the final and definitive weight obtained in the fuzzy SWARA multi-indicator decision-making technique and has been evaluated with the highest importance and the final and definitive weight of the criterion of the inappropriate evaluation process and the selection of suppliers and contractors in two multi-indicator decision- making techniques has been evaluated with the least importance. They share meaning with each other. Manuscript profile
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  16 - A review on modern odorants for natural gas: Structural investigation, synthesis methods, and applications
  Nahal Majdodin Sahar Baniyaghoob کامبیز تحویلداری امیر وحید
  Improving safety and increasing efficiency of utilization of natural gas is very important issue due to its wide use as one of the main energy sources for industry and home consumers all around the world. On the other hand, utilization of this clean fossil energy is too More

  Improving safety and increasing efficiency of utilization of natural gas is very important issue due to its wide use as one of the main energy sources for industry and home consumers all around the world. On the other hand, utilization of this clean fossil energy is too risky without considering safety cautions regarding gas leakage, explosion, and flammability. Due to the above mentioned facts and to overcome the problems, it is vital to inject proper compounds to natural gas to make it easily detectable by any person. So far, various types of compounds as "odorant" have been formulated and produced to inject to natural gas. In case of gas leakage, these compounds at low concentration are easily detectable by any person, due to their specific and pungent stink odor. Odorants are classified into classical and modern categories. In this article, a comprehensive study on different aspects of modern natural gas odorants and their odorization process has been performed. In addition, with studying basic chemistry and history of these compounds, the most important properties of odorants have been presented in order to help to recognize the most proper odorant for a specific application and its synthesis methods. Manuscript profile
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  17 - Measuring the Economic Efficiencies and Productivity of Natural Gas Refineries in Iran
  علی امامی تیمور محمدی عارف بهروز
  Abstract This paper has been tried to measure technical, allocative and economic efficiency of natural gas refineries of Iran during 2003-2009 with using non-parametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) and Malmquist index.For this purpose, the input based method with th More

  Abstract This paper has been tried to measure technical, allocative and economic efficiency of natural gas refineries of Iran during 2003-2009 with using non-parametric data envelopment analysis (DEA) and Malmquist index.For this purpose, the input based method with three inputs and two output is used. The results showed that the average technical, allocative and economic efficiency, of provinces of the country during 2003-2009, respectively is 95 percent, 98.1 percent and 93 percent. Among natural gas refineries for calculation of the productivity, two refinery, on average, have experienced during 2003-2009 positive growth, and  4 other refinery, have experienced negative growth in productivity. During the year, interest in total factor productivity refineries growers an average of 8.2 percent had negative growth, negative growth of 8 percent due to changes in Technology efficiency .   Manuscript profile
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  18 - Studying the Possibility of Replacing Petrochemical Products with Natural Gas in Public Transport Sector (In case of the taxis of the city of Tehran )
  Marjan Damankeshideh Emelia Akhlaghi
  The rapid increase in petrol consumption in years, as well as the current restrictions regarding meeting the increasing demand for petrol with production or via import, has made executive officials, including the Ministry of Oil, warn about the current trend. They have More

  The rapid increase in petrol consumption in years, as well as the current restrictions regarding meeting the increasing demand for petrol with production or via import, has made executive officials, including the Ministry of Oil, warn about the current trend. They have announced that if the current situation goes on, we will be faced with a crisis. Meeting such a demand is not possible both technically and financially, and we will soon encounter a dead lock situation while the increasing import of petrol is a burden to the annual budget. The availability of rich resources of natural gas in the country as an alternative to petrol to be used in public transport has made this issue one of the priorities of the energy sector. The were five scenarios assumed for the plan and the plan was studied in terms of whether or not implementing the plan would be economically beneficial in either of those scenarios. The current study analyzed the scenario in which the modification the taxis of Tehran(into running on natural gas) has been taken into consideration. Model results were analyzed according to the main scenario and the results showed that replacing natural gas with petrochemical products in the public transport is considerably beneficial, and that such a plan is economically justifiable. Manuscript profile
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  19 - The Analysis of factor affecting the household and commercial demand for gas (A case study of Gilan Province)
  Abbas Ali Abounoori Teymoor Mohammadi Hadi Parhizi Gashti
  Natural gas enjoys a significant place among all energy sources and plays an important role in the economy of Iran in meeting the growing energy needs of country. Furthermore the household and commercial sector has the largest share in gas consumption. In this paper att More

  Natural gas enjoys a significant place among all energy sources and plays an important role in the economy of Iran in meeting the growing energy needs of country. Furthermore the household and commercial sector has the largest share in gas consumption. In this paper attempts are made to delineate factors affecting the household and commercial demand for natural gas with special reference to Gilan province. Towards this end this paper has measured the short run and long run price elasticity of demand for natural gas for household and commercial consumption sector respectively. The findings of this study have indicated that the short run and long price elasticity coefficient is in order of - 2354 and -23.6 respectively. The model has also estimated the short and long run cross elasticity of demand for household and commercial sector. Their respective coefficients are found to be in order of 2365 and 23.. Manuscript profile
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  20 - The Forecasting of Iran Natural Gas Consumption Based On Neural-Fuzzy System Until 2020
  Mahdieh Qanbari Shahram Javadi Reza Sabbaghi-Nadooshan
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