List of Articles Lemon balm

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  1 - Evaluation of Growth Inhibition of Food Spoilage Yeasts by Lemon Balm Essential Oil (Melissa officinalis) and Extract of Pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium)
  S. Esazadeh Razelighi M. Khamiri A. R. Sadeghi M. Kashaninejad H. Mirzaei
   Introduction: The essential oil of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) and pennyroyal extract (Mentha pulegium) are widely used for food flavoring and beverages due to the pleasant spicy flavour. The antibacterial activities of these plants have been proven in severa More

   Introduction: The essential oil of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis) and pennyroyal extract (Mentha pulegium) are widely used for food flavoring and beverages due to the pleasant spicy flavour. The antibacterial activities of these plants have been proven in several studies. The aim of this study was to investigate the growth inhibition of food spoilage yeasts by lemon balm essential oil and extract of pennyroyal. Materials and Methods: The chemical compounds of the essential oils were analysed and identified by GC apparatus connected to the mass spectrometer detector. The total phenolic compounds of the extract of pennyroyal were determined by Folin-Ciocalteu method. The anti yeast activities of (minimum inhibitory concentration and mortality) lemon balm essential oil and extract of pennyroyal against yeasts causing food spoilage were assessed by using microdilution. Results: The results showed that geranyl acetate (25.29%), sytral )12.38%(, z-sytral )14.3%(, e- sytral (9.45%) and geraniol (9.55%) were the main constituents of the essential oil of lemon balm. The total amount of phenolic compounds in pennyroyal extract based on gallic acid was 252.48±0.2 mg/gr. Minimum inhibitory concentrations of lemon balm essential oil against Saccharomyces cerevisiae, Rhodotorula glutinis and Kluyveromyces marxianus were 1.562, 3.125 and 0.195 µL/mL, respectively and the minimum inhibitory concentrations of pennyroyal extract, for the above mentioned microorganisms were 17.500, 14.583 and 14.583 mg/mL, respectively. Conclusion: The lemon balm essential oil and the extract of pennyroyal have shown antimicrobial activities and might be employed as natural products in food industry successfully.   Manuscript profile
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  2 - Effect of Foliar Application of Chitosan and Salicylic Acid on Morphological Traits and Essential Oil Quality of Lemon Balm (Melissa officinalis L.)
  Negin Safari Kamal Abadi Nasser Mohebalipour Mehdi Oraei Hasan Nourafcan Asad Asadi
  10.30495/JCEP.2021.1927610.1791
  Lemon balm is an aromatic and perennial bushy plant with interesting pharmacological and biological properties, which extensively distributed in the Mediterranean region and Asia. The effects of salicylic acid (50, 100, 150 and 200 mg.L-1) and chitosan (50, 100, 150 and More

  Lemon balm is an aromatic and perennial bushy plant with interesting pharmacological and biological properties, which extensively distributed in the Mediterranean region and Asia. The effects of salicylic acid (50, 100, 150 and 200 mg.L-1) and chitosan (50, 100, 150 and 200 mg.L-1) foliar application on plant parameters, essential oil and chemical compositions of lemon balm at two different harvest stages (seedling and flowering) were evaluated. The results showed that the highest values of chlorophyll index obtained from foliar application of 150 and 200 mg/L chitosan. Application of chitosan (all concentration levels except 50 mg.L-1) significantly improved the plant height of lemon balm compared with the control. Leaf and dry weight of aerial parts per plant increased with increasing in salicylic acid and chitosan concentrations. The essential oil compounds of lemon balm (citronellal, caryophyllene, linalool, carvacrol, α-pinene, geraniol) at flowering harvest stage were significantly higher than the seedling harvest stage. Foliar application of chitosan was more effective than salicylic acid in increasing essential oil compounds of lemon balm. The essential oil content ranged between 0.07% and 0.09% in the seedling harvest stage and between 0.30% and 0.52% in the flowering harvest stage. The highest value of essential oil (0.52%) was recorded from the flowering harvest stage with foliar application of 200 mg.L-1 chitosan. The findings of the current study showed that both elicitors possess strong potential in biomass production and enhancement of essential oil compounds in lemon balm. Manuscript profile
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  3 - Effect of Vermicompost and Nitrogen Fertilizers on Morphological Traits, Percentage and Essential Oil Yield of Melissa Officinalis
  hossein rezvani nastaran hemmati
  10.30495/iper.2021.679516
  In order to study the effect of organic (vermicompost) and chemical (nitrogen) fertilizers on the quantitative and qualitative yield of Melissa Officinalis, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block Design (RCBD) with three replications in More

  In order to study the effect of organic (vermicompost) and chemical (nitrogen) fertilizers on the quantitative and qualitative yield of Melissa Officinalis, a factorial experiment was conducted based on randomized complete block Design (RCBD) with three replications in the Research Field of Golestan Research and Training Center of Agriculture and Natural Resources. Experimental factors included vermicompost at four levels (0, 2.5, 5, and 7.5 tons ha-1) and urea fertilizer with 46% nitrogen at four levels (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1). Results showed that vermicompost had a significant effect on morphological characteristics and percentage of essential oil of Melissa Officinalis. The highest plant height, number of branches, leaf length and width, fresh weight, dry weight, and percentage of essential oil was obtained in application of 7.5 ton/ha vermicompost. Also, there was a significant difference between different levels of urea fertilizer so that the percentage of essential oil significantly increased when the fertilizer was applied. The highest amount of essential oil (0.49%) was obtained in simultaneous application of vermicompost (7.5 tons ha-1) and nitrogen fertilizer (100 kg ha-1) which was 38% higher than control. In general, the results showed that application of vermicompost with nitrogen increases shoot growth and dry matter production, ultimately increases the yield quantity, and significantly improves the yield of Melissa Officinalis essential oil. Manuscript profile
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  4 - The effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on sterilization, establishment, and proliferation of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.)
  Ehsan Soraya Gholamreza Gohari Alireza Motallebi Azar Saeedeh Alizadeh Saleteh
  Plant tissue culture is one of the most important techniques for the production of secondary metabolites. Plant cells are an important and appropriate source for the production of various valuable secondary metabolites. Melissa officinalis L. is an important medicinal p More

  Plant tissue culture is one of the most important techniques for the production of secondary metabolites. Plant cells are an important and appropriate source for the production of various valuable secondary metabolites. Melissa officinalis L. is an important medicinal plant with applications in treatment and alleviation of heart, nervous system, and gastrointestinal diseases, and particularly in memory enhancement and Alzheimer. This study investigated the effect of various concentrations of zinc oxide nanoparticles (0, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg l-1) on disinfection stages, establishment, and proliferation of the lemon balm. Also, in order to study the effects of zinc oxide nanoparticles on establishment and proliferation of the lemon balm, explants were cultivated in murashige and skoog media containing zinc oxide nanoparticles at four different concentrations (0, 25, 50 and 75 mg L-1). Results showed that application of 200 mg l-1 zinc oxide nanoparticles significantly reduced fungal and bacterial infections and the number of healthy plantlets was more compared to the other treatments. Also, the second experiment showed that with an increase in the concentration of zinc oxide nanoparticles, the growth and proliferation decreased. Among different concentrations of zinc oxide nanoparticles, 25 mg L-1 had the maximum effect with significant increase in chlorophyll content while 25 and 50 mg L-1 zinc oxide nanoparticle concentrations had the maximum effect on increasing carotenoid contents. According to the findings,خطای ترجمه application of zinc oxide nanoparticles at low concentration (25 mg L-1) improved water and mineral uptake and eventually resulted in an improved growth and proliferation of Melissa officinalis L. plants Manuscript profile
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  5 - The effect of mycorrhiza fungus and different levels of humic acid and salicylic acid on physiological characteristics and essential oil content in three cultivars of Melissa Officinalis L.
  Mehdi Hamzeh Mohamadabadi alireza ladanmoghadam Elham Danaee Vahid Abdossi
  10.30495/iper.2022.690254
  This study was performed to investigate the effect of mycorrhiza fungus and different levels of humic acid (zero, 200 and 400 mg/l) and salicylic acid (zero, 100 and 200 mg/l) on physiological characteristics and essential oil content in three cultivars Lemonella, Citro More

  This study was performed to investigate the effect of mycorrhiza fungus and different levels of humic acid (zero, 200 and 400 mg/l) and salicylic acid (zero, 100 and 200 mg/l) on physiological characteristics and essential oil content in three cultivars Lemonella, Citronella and Varigated. Lemon balm (Melissa Officinalis L.) was implemented in 1397 in a greenhouse in northern Iran. The experiment was performed as a factorial in a completely randomized statistical design with 3 replications. Mycorrhiza and humic acid treatments were applied at the time of seed sowing and salicylic acid was sprayed in two stages (second and third weeks of pot cultivation). The results of this experiment showed that all treatments had a significant effect on the measured variables. The highest proline content was obtained in Citronella cultivar and control treatment and The highest phenol, carbohydrate, essential oil percentage in the treatment of mycorrhiza fungus+ humic acid 400 mg/l + salicylic acid 100 mg/l were obtained in Varigated, Citronella and Lemonella cultivars, respectively. Also the highest amount of flavonoids in the treatment of mycorrhiza fungus+ humic acid 400 mg/l + salicylic acid 200 mg/l in Citronella cultivar and the highest total antioxidant activity in the treatment of mycorrhiza fungus+ humic acid 200 mg/l + salicylic 200 mg/l in Lemonella cultivar was observed. In general, the results of this experiment showed that the application of mycorrhiza fungus with humic acid 400 mg/l and salicylic acid 100 mg/l in Lemonella, Citronella and Varigated cultivars improved the physiological characteristics and essential oil of Lemon balm. Manuscript profile
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  6 - Investigation of antioxidant activity, total phenol and flavonoid content of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis L.) in different media under hydroponic condition
  elham farrokhi abbas samadi amir rahimi
  Hydroponic culture has several advantages such as higher yield, product uniformity improvement, and better control of elements absorption than soil condition. The hydroponic is a method which organic or inorganic substrates are used for plant cultivation. In order to in More

  Hydroponic culture has several advantages such as higher yield, product uniformity improvement, and better control of elements absorption than soil condition. The hydroponic is a method which organic or inorganic substrates are used for plant cultivation. In order to investigate the effect of different growing media on antioxidant properties of lemon balm (Melissa officinalis), an experiment was done based on completely randomized design using 11 treatments with three replications at Experimental Greenhouse of Urmia University. Growing media tested were: perlite substrate with grads: <0.5, 0.5-1 ,1-1.5 ,1.5-2 and >2 mm as 100% and mixed grades of perlite with peat moss (50:50) and pure peat moss (100% V). The total phenolic content, total flavonoid, and antioxidant activity were measured by using folin ciocalteu reagent, aluminum chloride, and 2, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) methods respectively. The results showed that significant differences were observed the measured parameters in inorganic (perlite with different sizes), organic (peat most), and mixture of organic and inorganic substrates. The highest content of total phenol (0.63mg GAA/100g), total flavonoid (0.07 mg Q/100g), total anthocyanin (1.7 mg/gdw), superoxide radical scavenging activity (55.3%) and radical scavenging activity DPPH (67.8%) were observed in pure peat moss medium, while the lowest nitric oxide radical scavenging activity (67%) was in peat moss medium. In conclusion different culture media which possess different physical and chemical characteristics, can affect the plant antioxidant properties. According to the results, peat moss substrate increased the antioxidant properties of lemon balm compared to other culture media Manuscript profile
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  7 - Investigating the antimicrobial effects of lemongrass and lavender extracts and essential oils with antibiotics on some food bacteria
  Mehrdad Ataie Kachouei Elham Fakhri fatemeh khodaverdipour
  In recent years, the increase in drug resistance against bacteria and the increased dosage of common drugs and antibiotics, as well as the side effects caused by these drugs, have brought natural factors such as medicinal plants with fewer side effects, which have recei More

  In recent years, the increase in drug resistance against bacteria and the increased dosage of common drugs and antibiotics, as well as the side effects caused by these drugs, have brought natural factors such as medicinal plants with fewer side effects, which have received more attention. increase. For this reason, in this study, we prepared alcoholic extracts and essential oils from lemongrass and lavender plants and then serially diluted them to obtain the minimum growth inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) against Shigella Flexnerl, Salmonella typhimuriom, Esherichia coli and Staphylococcus aureus bacteria were prepared. Zones of inhibition of bacterial growth were also measured and compared using the disc diffusion method. The results obtained showed that the halo diameter of the essential oil was larger than that of the extract, indicating a higher susceptibility of the sample to the Gram-positive bacterium Staphylococcus aureus. The amount of MIC and MBC in essential oil and extract, respectively, against each of the four bacteria tested was measured by microdilution method, which showed that the concentration of MIC and MBC in essential oil was lower than in extract. Analysis of compounds in each essential oil and extract was performed using a GC-MS device, essential oils contain more compounds than extracts and therefore have more antibiotic properties. Therefore, the results of this study demonstrate that lemongrass and lavender essences and extracts have antibacterial effects. Therefore, they can be used as natural plant products to combat bacterial infections. Manuscript profile
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  8 - Selenium enhances nutrient uptake and rosmarinic acid biosynthesis in Melissa officinalis L. under salinity stress
  Sara ghasemian Nahid Masoudian Fatemeh Saeid Nematpour Akbar Safipour Afshar
  10.30495/ijpp.2020.677290
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  9 - Comparison of bio-fertilizers and manure on properties of lemon balm herb farm.
  Reza Tahmasebi Omran Hormoz Falah Amoli Joseph Niknejad Jaber Mehdiniya Afra2
  In order to study the effects of organic fertilizers and biological growth characteristics, and quantitative and qualitative performance lemon balm herbs factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with 12 treatments and 3 replications has done in the 139 More

  In order to study the effects of organic fertilizers and biological growth characteristics, and quantitative and qualitative performance lemon balm herbs factorial experiment in a randomized complete block design with 12 treatments and 3 replications has done in the 1393 crop year in Mahmud Abad city in the Mazandaran province .The first factor in the 3 levels of use of sheep manure at 5 and 10 tonnes per hectare and the use, or control, of the second factor at four levels of bacteria Azotobacter and B. respectively from the strains (chrococcum and pobilis), combining bacteria and consumption respectively.The results showed that the use of biological fertilizers and manure to Root length, root Weight, root volume, root dry weight, essential oil, Oil yield and Total dry weight than the control treatment and the most effective combination of sheep manure and bacteria to increase yield were studied. Sheep manure and bacteria interactions revealed that the highest elevation in the treatment of bacteria with an average consumption of 10 tons and the combination of the average 43.66 cm and the lowest average 24 cm in the treatment of non-use of sheep manure and bacteria,respectively.Using a combination of bio-fertilizer and animal treatment, leads to an increase of 55 percent compared to other control, that is total dry weight of the plant.   Manuscript profile
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  10 - Effect of temperature, drought and salinity stresses on germination of ten medicinal plant seeds
  Mehrab Yadegari Abdollah Ghasemi
  To study the effects of salinity, temperature and drought stresses on germination indices in seeds of alyssum, dill, borage, marigold, saint john's wort, lemon balm, purslane, feverfew, thyme, and fenugreek, factorial experiments in laboratory conditions were performed More

  To study the effects of salinity, temperature and drought stresses on germination indices in seeds of alyssum, dill, borage, marigold, saint john's wort, lemon balm, purslane, feverfew, thyme, and fenugreek, factorial experiments in laboratory conditions were performed in laboratory conditions in completely randomized design with 4 replication. The treatments contained of salinity at 4 NaCl concentrations (0, 0.25, 0.5, 0.75 mM), Drought (PEG in 0, -0.6, -0.9, -1.2 bar) and Temperature (10/20, 15/25, 20/30, 25/35 °C night/day). The results showed that the treatments had significant effect on germination indices. By comparisons between species, the greatest seed vigour and germination percentage were made in seeds of purslane, then purslane seeds were the most tolerant to drought and salinity and other hand, the seeds of lemon balm and thyme in most of measured characters had the minimum values. By increasing salinity and drought levels, root dry/fresh weight, stem dry/fresh weight, root/stem length and vigour of seeds were decreased in all species. Germination percentage was increased by higher level of temperature but decreased by upper levels of salinity and drought stresses. The highest seed vigour was made in temperature of 20/30°C night/day and no salinity and drought stress (control) and the least related to the temperature degrees of 10/20°C night/day and concentration of 0.75 mM of NaCl and -1.2 bar of PEG.  Then the seed of plants for example purslane can introduce for planting in salinity and drought regions, and seed of plants such as thyme and lemon balm ought not to suggest for sowing in this regions. Manuscript profile