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Open Access Article
1 - Defining a Method for Measuring and Enhancing Urban Resilience to Climate Change based on Landscape Ecology Theories (Case study:Yousef Abad Neighborhood,Tehran)
Elmira Shirgir Mostafa Behzadfar Reza KheyroddinThe growing number of cities in the world face a wide range of hazards, which are affected by factors such as the increased urban population and climate change. Urban development and climate change are closely related and interlinked. Today, the direct and indirect effe MoreThe growing number of cities in the world face a wide range of hazards, which are affected by factors such as the increased urban population and climate change. Urban development and climate change are closely related and interlinked. Today, the direct and indirect effects of climate change can be seen in countries with the lowest effect on global warming and climate change. Cities that are exposed to the risk of climate change are very vulnerable. Climate change is a globally widespread phenomenon. These cities can be said susceptible. In recent years, to cope with the adverse challenges caused by climate change, the concepts of urban ecological resilience, specifically, climate resilience have been introduced. Climate resilience is a type of urban ecological resilience, which is defined as urban resilience to climate change. In this respect, in recent years, two urban resilience concepts have been introduced to reduce these negative effects. Resilience is the ability of a system to absorb the disturbances while maintaining the basic structure in the same way and the functional methods, the capacity for self-organization and the capacity to adapt to stress and change and the capability to build back the system into its condition before a shock or intense change. Adaption to climate change focuses on reducing the vulnerability to these negative changes. Resilience has different aspects, among which climate resilience as a subcategory of urban ecological resilience is considered in this study, which includes the adaptation to and mitigation of the risks and adverse effects of climate. However, urban green infrastructure has various vital functions, including environmental, social, etc. The urban green infrastructure (UGI), according to research, has been effective in reducing the impacts of climate change in cities and enhancing climate resilience. Reviewing existing literature on the urban green infrastructure related to its role in creating urban (climate) resilience, it seems that the features of green infrastructure and which one is effective based on the development, analysis, and evaluation of urban resilience to climate change. These have not been properly addressed so far, and in general, no exact factors have been provided to assess this kind of resilience. It seems that the characteristics of urban green infrastructure can be used as an important factor affecting climate resilience in cities to achieve such factors for assessing the quality of climate resilience. Moreover, the neighborhood scale has not been fully studied in the existing literature. Given the theoretical gap existing in this field, this question arises: "How and based on which features of the green infrastructure can we assess and analyze climate resilience in a city?” To answer this question, landscape ecology principles and the relationship between them and green infrastructure in cities were studied. The relationship was developed in the Yousef Abad neighborhood of Tehran and was qualitatively tested using aerial images, field surveys, and preparation of basic and analytical GIS maps. Finally, ‘effective qualities in assessing climate resilience in cities using UGI based on landscape ecology were obtained. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - Presenting a New Method in Ecological Design of Urban Green Landscape (Case Study: Kish Island)
Maryam Moinifar Behnaz AminzadehCities are places for diverse hierarchies of natural inhabitants, and thus designing their ecological landscapes is a complex process. Landscape design is more important than form creating. Landscape ecology is a science of dynamic reactions between nature and society. MoreCities are places for diverse hierarchies of natural inhabitants, and thus designing their ecological landscapes is a complex process. Landscape design is more important than form creating. Landscape ecology is a science of dynamic reactions between nature and society. Disturbance in urban landscape may cause simplification of landscape system resulted in degradation of life quality in living areas. Therefore urban development without consideration on ecological process will damage ecosystems in urban and regional scales. A good ecological design in built areas can improve ecological functions of the whole system. In this study, the application of landscape ecology together with land compatibility has been studied. The result is creating an efficient method in ecological design of urban green spaces. Urban green spaces are the most important parts of urban ecosystems, providing many social and environmental services and promoting the quality of living conditions in cities. The application of landscape ecology in urban design and consideration of urban green spaces as green networks or green infrastructures help to improve the quality of natural areas in cities. It seems that determination of an optimal method in urban landscape and green space design based on landscape ecology principles is a necessary task for landscape and urban designers. Also, recognition and introducing the interdisciplinary method in green landscape design results in positive ecological function and provides a basis for sustainability. The Kish island is selected as a case study because of its ecological sensitiveness, rapid growth development of tourism, and demand for green spaces. The main objectives of this research are as follows: a) creating a method for designing ecological urban green spaces, and b) zoning for developing, conserving or rehabilitating of green spaces in Kish island. To do this, reviewing existing ecological theories and methods and comparison of existing methods in landscape ecology are applied. The proposed method which has been nominated Ecological Land Suitability Analysis (ELSA) is based on land suitability analysis and landscape ecology principles, using GIS VER 9.2, and AHP techniques. The process of using the method is as follows: 1-Explaining of effective criteria in selection of green areas and their priorities; 2-Determination of criteria values; 3- Providing spatial layers of the selected criteria; 4- Classification of layers based on their special purpose; 5-Quantifying of quality classes using Phasy values; 6-Applying AHP weight and quantitative values in layers and determination of final weight layers; 7- Changing spatial layers from vector to raster; 8- Overlaying the spatial layers; 9-Preparing of land compatibility and suitability map; 10-Extraction of unvalued layers from total spatial layers; 11-Final layer classification and evaluation of different outputs. 12- Zoning the urban green areas in Kish Island. Results have been shown in land suitability GIS maps. The efficiency of the proposed method has been proved, using quality comparative criteria including: comprehensiveness, clearness, completeness, and flexibility, reliability, efficiency, easiness, generalizing, rapidity, necessary technology, being up to date, and fitness with the principles of theory making. It was concluded that, this method (ELSA) could be generalized in the same environmental conditions. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - Using the Component Model of Sustainable Landscape for the Quality Assessment of Urban Natural Public Spaces: A Case Study from Tehran’s River-valleys
Shahindokht Barghjelveh Nima Sayad -
Open Access Article
4 - Planning and Design of Urban Sustainable Riparian Park (Case Study: Kan River- Valley)
Hassanali Laghai Seyedeh Maryam Gilani -
Open Access Article
5 - Land cover changes Assessment in Malayer using landscape metrics
Mohammad Javad Amiri Afsaneh Asgaripor Mahmoud ZoghiBackground and Objective: Due to the negative effects caused by the inappropriate use of land and land use changes, it is necessary to be aware about the variability process in the environmental impacts assessment witch arising from different developments to have the be MoreBackground and Objective: Due to the negative effects caused by the inappropriate use of land and land use changes, it is necessary to be aware about the variability process in the environmental impacts assessment witch arising from different developments to have the best planning and sustainable management of land. This study was conducted to check the effects of landscape changes in the city of Malayer. Malayer city due to various factors such as population growth, modernization of suburban neighborhoods and etc. is experiencing changes in land cover but among them the most effective factor is policies managers. Method: For achieving the studies objectives first step was mapping land cover change analysis, Landsat satellite images were used in the period between 2000 and 2014 and metrics were: class area (CA), number of patches (NP), patch density (PD), largest patch index (LPI) and landscape shape index (LSI). Findings: Findings like landscape metrics analysis shows wide replacement of open lands in the area with green and built lands. This means that from 2000 to 2014 green space is nearly doubled and open land also have decreased about 50%. Also the increase of number of patches was more than double that shows the microlithic landscape in the region. Discussion and Conclusion: The final results show that the changes of green lands are promising and improving and behind of this improvement there is nothing except management focus on green space which should continue in the future for sustainable development. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Analyzing of Urban Green Space Changes in Gorgan City Using Landscape Metrics
Bibi Sara Daz Ata Ghaffari Gilandeh Ali AziziBackground and Objective: Rapid urbanization and vast changes in land cover have disrupted the urban green patches environmental structure and functions. Identifying and understanding these changes is necessary to improve the urban green patches situation in any place. MoreBackground and Objective: Rapid urbanization and vast changes in land cover have disrupted the urban green patches environmental structure and functions. Identifying and understanding these changes is necessary to improve the urban green patches situation in any place. Accordingly, the aim of this study is to evaluate the changes of green patches of Gorgan City using landscape metrics, remote sensing and geographical information system techniques. Method: In this research, Landsat satellite images for 1987, 2001, and 2014 have been used to provide land use/cover maps of Gorgan City. After conducting the preprocessing, classification of the images was done using the supervised method and the maximum likelihood algorithm. Then the maps were reclassified in three classes namely built-up areas, green patches and other land uses. Afterwards, in order to investigate the changes in urban green patches, landscape metrics including Class Area, Number of Patch, Mean Patch Size, Mean Size Index and Edge Density was used. Findings: Findings show that from 1987 to 2014, green patches, especially agricultural and forest lands, has been decreased and built-up areas has been increased. During these 27 years, built-up areas have increased approximately 15/86 km2 and green patches have decreased approximately 6/53 Km2. Also, the analysis of landscape metrics shows a decrease in the number and size of green patches due to fragmentation and disintegration. Discussion and Conclusion: The results of 27 years’ green patches dynamic in Gorgan City show that the green patch of the city has been significantly reduced and fragmented. Therefore, studying urban green patch changes using new ecological approaches and methods, is necessary in any urban planning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Assessment and monitoring of land use degradation around the urban river valley using landscape ecology approach (Case study: Gheshlagh river valley)
Morteza ghobadi alireza sepahvand Masumeh AhmadipariBackground and Objective: Assessment of the resilience threshold based on the characteristics of landscape causes an appropriate management for vulnerability and identifying resilience areas. This study assessed the resilience threshold with the landscape ecology approa MoreBackground and Objective: Assessment of the resilience threshold based on the characteristics of landscape causes an appropriate management for vulnerability and identifying resilience areas. This study assessed the resilience threshold with the landscape ecology approach by using quantitative methods in the Gheshlagh river valley.Material and Methodology: The study area was classified into five homogeneous zones based on the characteristics of the composition and distribution of the landscape structure, and the vulnerability and resilience of the zones were determined. The vulnerability was calculated based on the status of the signs and their changes, and the resilience of the zones was determined based on 5 resilience criteria including ability of resilience, speed of resilience, maximum resilience, amount of resilience, and possibility of resilience. The method of recording the quantitative characteristics of the landscape was completed using moving windows in the fragstat environment during the two periods of 2000 and 2018.Findings: The results of the vulnerability assessment of the zones showed that the vulnerability of the zones were 33%, 25%, 23% and 20% for A, D, C and B, respectively. The results of the resilience of zones showed that the zones A and D are not resilience against the changes, and also the amount of resilience B is more than all zones, the speed of resilience C is also more than the other zones.Discussion and Conclusion: The characteristics of the composition and distribution of the landscape structure have significant effects on the environment and the resilience threshold with the landscape ecology approach is a suitable tool for assessing and monitoring of urban land use. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - Quantification Visual Criteria of Land Cover Using Landscape Metrics (Case Study: Tonekabon Forests of Dohezar-Sehezar )
Kobra Melhosseini Darani Samar Mortazavi Seyed Mohsen Hosseini Kamran Shayesteh Samereh FalahatkarBackground and Objective: Despite the increasingly trend of developmental activities that are likely to change the structure and change or eliminate landscape functions and processes in Iran ultimately, it seems necessary to consider the visual effect in EIA studies esp MoreBackground and Objective: Despite the increasingly trend of developmental activities that are likely to change the structure and change or eliminate landscape functions and processes in Iran ultimately, it seems necessary to consider the visual effect in EIA studies especially in northern ecosystem of the country. Methods: This study aimed to quantify the visual criteria of naturalness and complexity using SHDI, SHEI, PLAND, LPI, PR, PD, and NP measurements in the area of Tonekabon's Dohezar-Sehezar watershed from two viewpoints. The visible range, after land use mapping and production of DSM and transmitting of visibility points to GIS, was obtained using the Visibility instruction in GIS, which analyzed the visible range at two points. Findings: According to the PLAND index, the highest amount pertained to forest land use, and their amounts for forest, agriculture, and rangeland land uses found 0.1499, 0.0001, and 0.0021 respectively that detected the naturalness in the first- viewpoint was more than the second viewpoint, and this area has been less affected by human interferences. At the second point, except for the SHEI value which was less than the first point ( 0.0927), the amount of SHDI (0.0927), PR(7000), PD (2.507), and NP(2058000) indices grater than second point obtained. Discussion and Conclusion: The use of landscape metrics with regard to their capabilities can be a useful step to early identification of the impacts of development on the structure of landscape. The proposed approach can be the basis for developing a new method to understanding the effects of landscape changing in planning and management fields. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Urban-rural Gradient Landscape Analysis of Tehran Metropolitan in 2008 and 2018
Golazin Radyn Majd Seyed Ali Jozi Rokhshad Hejazi Mohammad Javad Amiri Hamidreza GhaffarzadehBackground and Objective: Urban expansion causes fundamental changes in the ecological landscape structure and function and a gradual change in the spatial structure and pattern of the landscape. Due to the importance of understanding the components of urban environment MoreBackground and Objective: Urban expansion causes fundamental changes in the ecological landscape structure and function and a gradual change in the spatial structure and pattern of the landscape. Due to the importance of understanding the components of urban environment and how to understand the interactions between these components, the aim of this study is the urban-rural gradient analysis of Tehran using landscape metrics to quantify the landscape pattern.Method: Research data were collected in 2019 and the combination of gradient analysis and landscape metrics has been used to quantify the pattern of Tehran landscape. Land use maps of Tehran were classified using Landsat 7 and 8 satellite images related to 2008 and 2018 in ENVI 5.3 in categories of built-in land, open land, vegetation land and water. For the gradients analysis, a number of 4km×4km transects were designed in the four main directions, and passing through region 12 of Tehran. To calculate the mestrics of Number of Patches, Patch Density, Edge Density, Percentage of Landscape, Mean Patch Size and Mean Shape Index on both landscape and class levels used the moving-window technique.Findings: From 2008 to 2018, urban development has increased the Patch Density in the landscape. So in the central transect the continuity of the landscape has decreased and the fragmentation of the structural components has increased. At the level of the landscape, the Number of Patches and the Edge Density have increased dramatically. However, the Mean Patch Size and the Mean Shape Index have decreased. At the class level, the Mean Patch Size of open lands and built-in land has increased.Discussion and Conclusion: Along transects in addition to land use changes, Shape and Patch Density have also changed, and the process of these changes along transects is different. The percentage of built-in lands is the dominant matrix in transects near the commercial center of Tehran, and the area of vegetation lands and water has decreased from 2008 to 2018. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
10 - Presenting Ecological Design Strategies to Restore Vernacular Landscapes Based on Analyzing Natural Pattern
Ferial Ahmadi Maria KordjamshidiBackground and Objective: Intervention of vernacular communities in natural patterns forms vernacular landscapes. Consequences of climate solutions and use of vernacular materials can be observed in development of settlements in these landscapes. However, agreement betw MoreBackground and Objective: Intervention of vernacular communities in natural patterns forms vernacular landscapes. Consequences of climate solutions and use of vernacular materials can be observed in development of settlements in these landscapes. However, agreement between natural and man-made pattern has not been investigated so far. Therefore, the current study assesses level of matching the mentioned issues. Method: In this study, qualitative method along with interference approach is used based on analysis of Iranian vernacular landscapes (Abyaneh, Masouleh, Kandovan and Oraman vernacular landscapes). Finding: The results indicate that the development patterns of urban services such as public streets, settlements, and similar cases matches with natural growth patterns. Discussion and Conclusion: Results of this study emphasize that landscape designers should recognize natural patterns associated with natural disturbances, and thence set their design strategies. For the sake of simplicity, the mentioned process is called as ecological design, which results in agreement between natural and man-made patterns. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Examining changes in the ecological structure of four hills in Sanandaj using object-oriented method and metrics of continuity and complexity
Milad Zandsalimi Bakhtiar BahramiBackground and Objective: Hills, as one of the main components of the ecological structure in a hilly town, are influenced by human actions and affect them. The landscape Ecology Approach examines diverse ecosystems at different scales and balances human actions and nat MoreBackground and Objective: Hills, as one of the main components of the ecological structure in a hilly town, are influenced by human actions and affect them. The landscape Ecology Approach examines diverse ecosystems at different scales and balances human actions and natural processes. In this study, changes in the ecological structure of four significant hills in Sanandaj (Tosonozar, Nishtman, Mellat, and Didgah) were investigated using Google Earth images and two ecological metrics over 16 years (2020-2004). Material and Methodology: The ecological structure of these hills was investigated by object-oriented method in six classification categories and their changes. Also, by using FRAGSTATS 4.2 software, the status of two ecological indicators, FRAC and CONTIGH, were calculated and checked in the hills until 6/20/2019. Findings: Man-made elements have increased (19%) in all hills, especially in Nishtman. Also, rangeland cover has decreased (32%), especially in Tusunozar and Nazgah hills. The complexity of landscape spots in all hills except Toos-Nozar has increased. Also, the continuity Toos-Nozar has decreased except Toos-Nozar hill. Discussion and Conclusion: The elimination of pastures and plant species, the increase in recent fires and droughts, and the increase in human interventions such as construction and motorways, the cohesion and ecological flows of these hills have posed a severe threat. Simplification while homogeneity of landscape components in Toos-Nozar hill indicates the distance of landscape components from their natural state. The decrease in continuity in the three hills, including Mellat, Didgah, and Nishtman, indicates an increase in fragmentation and discontinuity in these hills' natural landscapes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Investigation of Cover/Land Use Structure of Sefidrod Watershed by Landscape Ecology Metrics
Vahed Kiyani Jahangir FeghhiIntroduction: Awareness of the types of land cover and human activities as a data base of planning isimportant, which for optimum use of natural resources in sustainable development way to aware ofecological resources in limited time and minimum cost needed. The aim of MoreIntroduction: Awareness of the types of land cover and human activities as a data base of planning isimportant, which for optimum use of natural resources in sustainable development way to aware ofecological resources in limited time and minimum cost needed. The aim of this study has beenInvestigation of Cover/Land Use Structure of Sefidrood Watershed by Landscape Ecology Metrics.Material and method: In this study cover/land use maps of watershed with the goal Sefidrood paperusing Arc GIS 9.2 software maps the desired category and eventually became relevant measures usingsoftware Fragstat 3.3 were extracted. Measures used in the grade level (the user) in this studymeasures grade level, percentage area, the number of spots, total margin, shape, Land, the largestspots, the average level of spot, average spot shape index and mean nearest neighbor distances wereEuclidean.Results: Index numbers to measure tear stains classes used in this study, the largest number of spotsand tear, ie the most agriculture-related classes (691) and the lowest dissociation related to the forestclass (30), respectively. The highest rating land to grassland class (39/56) had the spots are moredispersed than classes and the lowest to the forest class (10/78) and in the forest of stain lessdispersion of have. The highest mean Euclidean nearest neighbor distance of the amount of disruptionpieces spots shows a class related to the agricultural class (6747/32 m) and the lowest value was to theforest class (908/32).Conclusion: User disruption in agriculture is the highest amount of fragmentation can therefore beconcluded their relationship with their collection has been discontinued and the notion that this isagricultural land have less integrity (fragmented more disruption) than other classes. The use ofrenewable resources should be a way that do not cause disturbs the balance of the environment, becusethe change in resources due to changes in ecological structure and function of Landscape is impressivein the area. However, applying principles of landscape ecology gives an initial assessment in thelandcape ecological scale that on the way for rapid assessment and scientific use and emphasizedservices of the nature, The prioritization each of the pathes is based on their quality. So suggestedutilization princpel of landscape ecology to provide structural information to design and landuseplanning. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Developing Sustainability Indicators of Greenways Network Based on Landscape Ecology Principles
Shahindokht Barghjelveh Naghmeh Mobarghaee DinanAbstractThis study examines the process of developing sustainability indicators for urban greenwaysnetworking process according to the principles of landscape ecology. The ecological approach towardsgreenways networking process is capable of providing a conceptual theor MoreAbstractThis study examines the process of developing sustainability indicators for urban greenwaysnetworking process according to the principles of landscape ecology. The ecological approach towardsgreenways networking process is capable of providing a conceptual theory and has a multitude ofdifferent aspects that can be studied in mega-urban, urban, and sub-urban scales. The purpose of thisstudy is not only to examine the principles of ecological approach, but also to explore the urban needsto provide green zones and leisure areas for citizens. This paper focuses on the relationship between“structure” and “function” which has a key role in this study.Based on the comparative-analytical research method, new ecological principles are provided for theprocess of planning sustainable urban green zones. Traditional indicators for qualitative evaluation ofgreen zones are not only inadequate for determining the structural value of green zones, but are alsoincapable of expressing their diverse ecological benefits. New ecological criteria provide a betteropportunity to evaluate and qualify greenways networking process and to raise the process oflandscapes networking. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Protection of Suburbs Gardens based on the Principles of Landscape Ecology Case Study: Sarab Qanbar Kermanshah
Sajjad ShamshiriBackground and Objective: Sprawl growth of the cities has different environmental impacts. This process leads to destruction of suburban agricultural land and marginal orchards. The devastation of suburb area not only influenced the area, but also it has different impac MoreBackground and Objective: Sprawl growth of the cities has different environmental impacts. This process leads to destruction of suburban agricultural land and marginal orchards. The devastation of suburb area not only influenced the area, but also it has different impacts on whole city. Sarab Qanbar gardens which located in the southern city of Kermanshah, is largely degraded as a result of urban Sprawl growth. While area protection is compulsory necessity due to the ecological services which provided by this area.Method: Landscape ecology framework were used to develop the area in order to achieve the mentioned goal. Therefore, first the appropriate landscape metrics were used. In the next stage, patches and corridors have been identified and analyzed based on field surveys. Ecological redesign was the final stage.Findings: The strategic design plan of the area was designed, which has been done based on strategic planning. Strategies were classified in four groups of protective, defensive, offensive and opportunistic. Each class determined based on patch and corridors characteristics and their interaction with context. Finally, actions and strategic plan were purposed protection and development of the area.Discussion and conclusion: The expansion of the city has led to the creation of disturbance patches in the region, On the other hand, natural patches tend to be crushed, Natural corridors face serious challenges. While the spread of disturbing corridors leads to changes in the structure of the landscape and the ecological fracture has intensified. The continuation of this process will lead to the destruction of these lands, which will have many consequences. Effective environmental design can be providing a proper framework based on the landscape ecology by defining the city's proper functions, it will protect these natural arenas. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Introduction to Seascape Ecology (Case Study: Coastal Line of Zone of Assaluye)
Maryam Farrahi Farimani Mehdi HaghighatbinEcology and specially landscape ecology is a relatively new field in the world of biology science. Landscape ecology studies the relationship between ecological functions and spatial patterns in the terrestrial systems. Recently many of manuscripts in this field are abo MoreEcology and specially landscape ecology is a relatively new field in the world of biology science. Landscape ecology studies the relationship between ecological functions and spatial patterns in the terrestrial systems. Recently many of manuscripts in this field are about aquatic ecosystems for example marine ecosystems named seascape ecology and they have allocated so high proportion themselves. Existence of variety aquatic ecosystems in Iran specially coastal line with 6700 Kilometers long emphasizes attention to this category. The high sensitivity of marine ecosystems and specially coastal lines are very important. Because nowadays communities are migrating to coastal cities and using marine resources fast. So creating normal interaction and equilibrium among marine Eco, human Eco and city Eco is vital and hard. The aim of this study is introducing marine- coastal environmental factors and components that can encompass physical factors (such as water and land) and non- physical factors (such as culture, history and view). At this research based on explaining method, it is described the branch of ecology science with method of collecting information by studying papers and books, surfing the Net and field visit to open view for Iran’s scientific community. Then it is discussed about two important features in seascape, composition and configuration. In analyzing the first feature with the help of SWOT technique, strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats are dumped. In the second feature with the help of overlaying maps and boundary the patches, corridors and matrix, ecological integrity and connectivity of components are dumped. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - Design and organize a conservation- tourism in fringe gardens, (Case study: Sarab Qanbar Kermanshah)
Sajjad Shamshiri Hassan DarabiMost of Iranian cities are located beside productive lands which are proper for gardening andagricultural activities. Therefore, there exist many gardens and farmlands in marginal areas.Development of cities has decreased the rural quality of these lands. Obviously, und MoreMost of Iranian cities are located beside productive lands which are proper for gardening andagricultural activities. Therefore, there exist many gardens and farmlands in marginal areas.Development of cities has decreased the rural quality of these lands. Obviously, under thesecircumstances we must take a more sensitive responsibility for the value of marginal areas. On theother hand, with the increase in population of cities like Kermanshah and in the resident’s demand forgreen and open spaces for spending leisure times and making social interactions, the need fordeveloping new spaces proper for spending leisure times in marginal areas is strongly felt in the city.The role that gardens and farmlands have in respect of recreation and aesthetic might prevent the actsof construction in these areas. In this study, by applying landscape ecology for establishing newactivities and practices, we firstly evaluate the existing condition of gardens in Sarab-e-Ghanbar. Thenthe region is zonation visually. Identification of these zone is made to implement practical solutionsfor improving total condition of the region as well as to determine features, potentials and issuesrelated to each zone. Finally, with developing aims for design and organize, these studies are made inthe form of a strategic plan. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - Monitoring space - time in Karaj from the perspective of landscape ecology ecological green network
FAEZE CHEHRAZAR حمید رضا جعقری faeze chehrazarIncreasing rate of population growth through past three decades has created more built areas and destroyed landscape structural patterns of ecosystems in Karaj city and adjacent areas. Karaj, which was known as a “garden city”, now is a metropolitan area wit MoreIncreasing rate of population growth through past three decades has created more built areas and destroyed landscape structural patterns of ecosystems in Karaj city and adjacent areas. Karaj, which was known as a “garden city”, now is a metropolitan area with limited remnants of green spaces. This research aims to study trend of green space changes by landscape ecological approach.Monitoring of landscape changes is based on the comparison of the Landsat images of 2000 and 2013. The satellite images were classified and then landscape metrics was calculated using synoptic method. Our results indicate that overall landscape of Karaj has been more fragmented. Broad scale changes of green spaces in Karaj landscape show decreasing proportional area and mean patch size, and increasing patch edge density and more irregularity in shape, and shrinkage and fragmentation of green space patches.esults indicate th metrics was calculated using synoptic method. Our results indicate that overall landscape of Karaj has been more fragmented. Broad scale changes of green spaces in Karaj lands Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - Investigating the Conformity of Shohada-ye Khalij-e Fars Lake in Tehran with the Eco Place Model
Nima Sayad Hossein Zabihi Zahra Sadat Saeideh ZarabadiGiven the global deterioration of environmental conditions and its critical relevance to urban issues, this research aims to establish a model for advancing the theoretical underpinnings of urban spaces through the lens of landscape ecology. Research data have been syst MoreGiven the global deterioration of environmental conditions and its critical relevance to urban issues, this research aims to establish a model for advancing the theoretical underpinnings of urban spaces through the lens of landscape ecology. Research data have been systematically gathered through documentary research, surveys, and questionnaires. The sample size, determined using the Cochran formula, consists of 384 participants, and Likert scale scoring was employed for questionnaire statements, attaining a high correlation level of 0.979 through Cronbach's alpha test. The conformity of the case study with the proposed model was evaluated using the Analytic Network Process (ANP), revealing a substantial alignment. However, it is noted that the ongoing trajectory may diminish this alignment, prompting the provision of solutions to ameliorate the situation. Manuscript profile
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