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Open Access Article
1 - Study of sintering temperature on the structure of silicon carbide membrane
A. Sadighzadeh Sh. Mashayekhan B. Nedaie A. H. Ghorashi -
Open Access Article
2 - Study of clay mineralogy of soil in different parent material in the southern basin of Urmia Lake in Miandoab city.
Elham Habibi Raziyeh Lak Hossein Torabi Golsefidi Shahla Mahmodi Hamidreza MomtazAccording to the environmental crisis of the last two decades and the drying of some parts of the Urmia Lake and its impact on the surrounding agricultural lands, this study aimed to identify minerals in soils in different parent materials in order to understand the int MoreAccording to the environmental crisis of the last two decades and the drying of some parts of the Urmia Lake and its impact on the surrounding agricultural lands, this study aimed to identify minerals in soils in different parent materials in order to understand the interaction of soils with parent materials and to predict their change trends. Twenty six soil profiles were described on different parent material and thirteen were selected as index profiles and studied precisely. Clay mineralogy results indicated the presence of clay minerals of illite, smectite, chlorite, kaolinite, vermiculite and palygorskite in this area.The presence of palygorskite in the profiles had two origins, pedogenic and inherited from parent material. Also, kaolinite and chlorite minerals are inherited from parent materials due to the lack of conditions for pedogenic formation. Illite was inherited in most soils and in profiles with agricultural use, potassium adsorption was carried out by expanded minerals and formed the illite on the soil surface. The origin of smectite was also pedogenic in some soils of this region, probably due to illite weathering, and in others it was hereditarym, Because they have also been observed in their parent rocks.Vermiculites in this area were also often of pedogenic origin and are derived from mica and chlorite. The results showed that different parent materials have a high effect on soil physicochemical and the amount of minerals in this area. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - The Use of Kaolin to control Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann) (Dip:Tephritidae) in pomegranate orchards
A. Khezri E. Soleiman Nejadian Sh. Goldasteh H. Pezhman H. FarazmandThe Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann)is a quarantine pest which was reported in Fars province, Iran in 2007. During the years 2010-2011 in a pomegranate orchard in Shiraz, kaolin effect was evaluated in five treatments consisted of kaolin (Spydan® WP 95%), sprayi MoreThe Ceratitis capitata (Wiedemann)is a quarantine pest which was reported in Fars province, Iran in 2007. During the years 2010-2011 in a pomegranate orchard in Shiraz, kaolin effect was evaluated in five treatments consisted of kaolin (Spydan® WP 95%), spraying with concentrations of 3% and 5% and at every 2 and 4 weeks intervals of treatment with control group in three replications to reduce damage caused by C. capitata. There was no significant difference between the various concentrations of kaolin but fewer fruits were infected during period of kaolin sprayed every two weeks. Investigation of the effect of kaolin on the host plant showed that kaolin5% had no effect on the total amount of leaf chlorophyl and temperature of the central part of pomegranate trees but average of fruit diameter coated with kaolin5% was larger than other fruits. Thus, according to the results, pomegranate trees sprayed with kaolin, at every 2 weeks, can be used successfully to control the Mediterranean fruit fly’s damage. Also kaolin5% had positive effect on size of pomegranate fruits. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - The preliminary study of kaolin on damage reduction of pomegranate fruit moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Lep., Pyralidae) in Garmsar region
H. Farazmand A. Sheikhali r. vafaiePomegranate fruit moth (PFM), Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Lep., Pyralidae), is the most important pest of pomegranate in Iran. Application of the kaolin particle film (Sepidan® WP) might be an alternative for control of the pomegranate fruit moth and reduction of pomegr MorePomegranate fruit moth (PFM), Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Lep., Pyralidae), is the most important pest of pomegranate in Iran. Application of the kaolin particle film (Sepidan® WP) might be an alternative for control of the pomegranate fruit moth and reduction of pomegranate sunburn. To assess the impact of kaolin on damage of pomegranate fruit moth, preliminary trials were conducted in the fields during spring to summer 2009 in Garmsar region of Iran. The different concentrations of kaolin (2.5, 5, 10 and 15%) were sprayed over the whole canopy and fruits four times at 4–5-week intervals from early May to early September. Based on the field studies, the infection rates of PFM were 9.3 and 2.4% for control and kaolin treatment (at 15% concentration), respectively. Sunburn damage of fruits was reduced in the kaolin WP-treated fruits. Also the result showed that, the flower & fruit drop, fruit cracking, aphids damage was reduced in kaolin treatments. Therefore, kaolin could be used successfully to reduce biotic and abiotic harmful agents on pomegranate. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Effect of kaolin and stamen-removing on damage reduction of pomegranate fruit moth, Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Lep.: Pyralidae)
S. Mozaheb H. Farazmand R. Vafaei-Shoushtari M. S. EmamiThe pomegranate fruit moth (PFM), Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Lep.: Pyralidae), is the most important pest of pomegranate orchards in Iran. One way that may prevent fruits to be infected is the obstruction from laying eggs inside the fruit crown by the pest. In this study, MoreThe pomegranate fruit moth (PFM), Ectomyelois ceratoniae (Lep.: Pyralidae), is the most important pest of pomegranate orchards in Iran. One way that may prevent fruits to be infected is the obstruction from laying eggs inside the fruit crown by the pest. In this study, the effect of twin usage of fruit stamen-removing (one and two stages) and kaolin spraying (3 & 5% concentrations of Sepidan® WP) were investigated during spring to summer of 2011 in Kashan region, Iran. The fruit cracking and PFM infection indices were calculated at the harvesting time on each tree. Considering the obtained results from the present research, kaolin treatment at 5% concentration and fruit stamens removing (two stages) treatment, reduced fruit damage by 85% in comparison with the control. Also, the result showed that, the fruit cracking was reduced in kaolin treatments, however no significant difference was observed in stamen-removing treatments. Consequently, twin usage of fruit stamens-removing in 2 stages and application of the kaolin at 5% concentration can be recommended for decreasing the PFM damage. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - Effects of processed kaolin clay on adult mortality and progeny production (F1) of two stored product pests
Farshid Shakhsi Zare H. Farazmand R. Vafaei-Shoushtari A. Marouf M. GhazaviThe insecticidal effect of processed kaolin (Sepidan®) and its influence on progeny production (F1) of Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) were investigated under laboratory conditions (25±1C&d MoreThe insecticidal effect of processed kaolin (Sepidan®) and its influence on progeny production (F1) of Tribolium confusum (Coleoptera: Tenebrionidae) and Oryzaephilus surinamensis (Coleoptera: Silvanidae) were investigated under laboratory conditions (25±1C°, 65±5% R.H, in dark). Seven to 10 day old of each species were exposed to kaolin at five concentrations (1000, 2000, 3000, 5000 and 10000 ppm) and their mortality was recorded after 3, 7, 15 and 30 days, at three replicates, separately. The results showed that mortality of adults increased significantly as the concentration rates and exposure duration increased, (p<0.05). Complete mortality of O. surinamensis occurred at 10000 ppm after 15 days of exposure time. The highest mortality of T. confusum (98.3%) was at 10000 ppm, 30 days after treatment. According to bioassay tests, adults of O. surinamensis were significantly more susceptible to kaolin than T. confusum at various time intervals in any concentrations. The Progeny production tests showed that, 100% reduction of F1 occurred at 5000 ppm for confused flour beetle and at 2000 ppm for saw-tooth grain beetle. Although, processed kaolin clay (Sepidan®) has a potential to kill stored product beetles, because of high concentration of application applied in, it cannot be used alone. However, due to its good effect on progeny production (F1), it could be used in combination with other control methods. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Mineralogical and geochemical characteristics of the Chah-Shur clay deposit, Southeast of Isfahan, Iran
Mahnaz Khodami Afsaneh Kamali Shervedani -
Open Access Article
8 - Determination of the Geological Conditions During the Formation of Kaolinite and Bentonite Deposits in NW Alborz Mountains (Pirkoh-Deylaman) of Iran and the Study of Its Practical Properties for Use in the Porcelain Industry
Farzad Asadi Ali Darvishzadeh Ali MontezeriThe area under study is located in northern Iran at 36° 47’ latitude and 50° 12' longitude. It is 15 km from southeastern Deylaman. Petrological study of the kaolin mother rock (Eocene age) under a microscope shows that the rock is vitric tuff with a rhyol MoreThe area under study is located in northern Iran at 36° 47’ latitude and 50° 12' longitude. It is 15 km from southeastern Deylaman. Petrological study of the kaolin mother rock (Eocene age) under a microscope shows that the rock is vitric tuff with a rhyolitic combination containing falcated and embowed glass shards. The thickness of the layer is approximately 20 meters, formed unconformably on a layer of conglomerate with a thickness of approximately 400 meters. Because the shards have a falcated and embowed shape and the percentage of reworked material within them is low, the tuff can be considered a type of pyroclastic airfall. The results of the study prove that ash falling occurred in the water. The stratabound layers show syngenetic deposits to be the main factor in the formation of the clay, bound as a result of alterations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - EffectofMetakaolin and Nano-SiO2onshort and Long-term shrinkageofself-compactingcement sandmortar
Hassan Soltanshahi -
Open Access Article
10 - Influence of Nano-Particles on Characteristics of MetakaolinContained Cement Paste
Mehran Seyed. Razzaghi A. Shekari J. Poursharifi M. Rajabi -
Open Access Article
11 - Effect of temperature and activator molar of Na2O to SiO2 in the process of synthesis and microstructure of cement geopolymer
M Asadi A Nemati R Naghizadeh K Arzani J Fahim -
Open Access Article
12 - Determination of the Properties of Self-compacting Concrete Containing Metakaolin as a Replacement for Cement and Limestone Powder
Seyed Fathollah Sajedi Milad OrakToday, the tendency to use self-compacting concrete (SCC) is expanding due to its advantages. Manufacturing of SCC requires increasing the amount of cement used, which will result in the more environmental pollution due to the increased cement production, trying to use MoreToday, the tendency to use self-compacting concrete (SCC) is expanding due to its advantages. Manufacturing of SCC requires increasing the amount of cement used, which will result in the more environmental pollution due to the increased cement production, trying to use pozzolans to reduce cement consumption will be an essential step towards sustainable development. So, efforts to use pozzolans to reduce cement consumption will be an essential step towards sustainable development. Accordingly, in this study, by replacing a part of the cement and limestone powder with metakaolin as an active pozzolan, some properties of the produced concrete including rheology, mechanical and durability were evaluated. For this aim, metakaolin with 10%, 15%, 20%, 25% and 20%, 25%, 30%, 35% replaced the cement and limestone powder, respectively (without changing the cement content). The self-compacting properties of the concrete specimens were evaluated in the form of slump flow tests, L-box, U-box and J-ring, as well as mechanical properties including compressive and splitting tensile strength, and durability including water penetration depth and rapid chloride ion penetration (RCPT). The results present that the utility of metakaolin in the manufacturing of self-compacting concrete as an independent alternative to the part of cement and limestone powder has improved the mechanical properties of concrete, but has reduced its consistency. In order to solve this problem, it is necessary to increase the percentage of consumable superplasticizer used until it reaches the desired consistency level. Replacement of cement by 20% metakaolin reduced water permeability and RCPT by 35% and 20%, respectively, and replacing of the limestone powder by 35% metakaolin reduced water permeability and RCPT by 70% and 35%, respectively. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - An experimental study on effects of glass fiber and Metakaolin on the rheological, mechanical, and durability properties of self compacting concrete
Mir Pouya Naseri Alavi Payam Shafiei Hassan Javanshir Previous studies has shown that reinforced self-compacting concrete with fiber is more suitable for structural performance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Metkaolin and alkali resistant glass fibers on the performance o More Previous studies has shown that reinforced self-compacting concrete with fiber is more suitable for structural performance. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of Metkaolin and alkali resistant glass fibers on the performance of self-compacting concrete. In this study, the rheological properties (L-Box, Slump flow, T50) and mechanical properties (compressive strength, tensile and flexural strength), and durability (chloride ion penetration and water absorption) have been investigated. The results of the experiments showed that by increasing the amount of fiber, the concrete performance decreases. It was also found that the glass fiber had no positive effect on the compressive strength of the concrete. The tensile and flexural strength of self-compacting reinforced concrete increases with increasing fiber content. Durability studies have shown that the presence of glass fiber initially increases the resistance to chloride ion penetration and then reduces it, and also increases the gradual absorption of concrete water. The results of the experiments showed that the simultaneous presence of Metkaolin and glass fibers with optimal percentages can significantly improve the mechanical properties and durability of self-compacting concrete Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Investigating some effects of using Metakaolin as pozolan in concrete
Gholamreza saghir shams abadi Abdolkarim Abbasi dezfoliDevelopment of concrete technology is undergoing for achieving high strength concrete. Metakaolin (MK) for obtaining high strength and durable concrete recently is used in industry. The relatively high micro particles and pozolan activity and reaction with calcium hydro MoreDevelopment of concrete technology is undergoing for achieving high strength concrete. Metakaolin (MK) for obtaining high strength and durable concrete recently is used in industry. The relatively high micro particles and pozolan activity and reaction with calcium hydroxide of cement, causes lower voids, permeability and increasing durability. In the present research the history of pozolans and their materials specially MK and their effects on mechanical properties to achieve an optimize percentage of MK instead of cement were investigated. The tests are included as workability, absorbing water, relative density, electric resistance (that shows permeability and corrosion resistance) and compressive strength. The tests were carried out on 0%, 10%, 15% and 20% of MK in replacement of cement on 150x150 mm samples on 7 and 28 days after casting. The results show that 10% of MK has better workability. 15% of MK higher compressive strength and 20% higher electric resistance and lower absorbing water and 15% have a reduced relative density Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - An environmentally friendly approach to the synthesis of azo dyes based on 2-naphthol using kaolin-SO3H nanoparticles
Abdolhamid Bamoniri Bi Bi Fatemeh Mirjalili Nahid Yaghmaeiyan-Mahabadi -
Open Access Article
16 - Kaolin-SO3H as an efficient catalyst for one-pot synthesis of 1,2,4,5-tetrasubstituted imidazoles
Bi Bi Fatemeh Mirjalili Hamidreza Akrami -
Open Access Article
17 - Natural kaolin as an efficient recyclable catalyst for the synthesis of new 2,4-disubstituted quinolines
Zinat Gordi Mohammad Vazan -
Open Access Article
18 - Natural Kaolin supported sulfuric acid as an efficient catalyst for the preparation of 1, 1-diacetates under solvent-free conditions
Zinat Gordi Hossein Eshghi -
Open Access Article
19 - Investigating the kaolin activation methods in ultrasonic-assisted hydrothermal synthesis of zeolite A
Mahboobeh Ejtemaei Sepehr Sadighi Aligholi Niaei Mehdi Rashidzadeh Dariush SalariZeolites LTA is widely used as an adsorbent, ion exchanger, and catalyst in the chemical and petrochemical industries. In the present study, at first, the Na form of zeolite A was synthesized by hydrothermal method from kaolin, using calcination and alkali fused activat MoreZeolites LTA is widely used as an adsorbent, ion exchanger, and catalyst in the chemical and petrochemical industries. In the present study, at first, the Na form of zeolite A was synthesized by hydrothermal method from kaolin, using calcination and alkali fused activation methods. The samples were characterized by XRD, SEM, N2physisorption techniques. The obtained results showed that crystallization time is lower via the kaolin calcination route in comparison to the alkaline fusion. Moreover, the alkali activation method is more suitable compared to the calcination one and leads to the synthesis of zeolite with high purity. Sonochemical treatment reduced the crystallization and synthesis time. In addition, the water sorption capacity of the K and Na forms of zeolites prepared via the kaolin fusion were 14.35 and 24.36 wt. %, and for the samples prepared via fusion-extraction were 14.7 and 25.06 wt. %, respectively. These water sorption capacities are higher than the values reported for the samples prepared using metakaolin (equal to 12.24 and 18.27 wt %). Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - Synthesis and characterization of graphitic carbon nitride/kaolin nanocomposite for photocatalytic removal of nitrate from aqueous solutions
Elham Asadi Mohammad Hadi Ghasemi Parviz Ahmadi Nahid Monajjemi Maryam Afsharpour Majid BaghdadiNitrate ion in water causes human poisoning and is very dangerous. Photocatalytic removal of nitrate from water and conversion to nitrogen gas is of great importance. In this study, heterogeneous nanocomposite g-C3N4/kaolinite, due to its natural kaolin substrate has be MoreNitrate ion in water causes human poisoning and is very dangerous. Photocatalytic removal of nitrate from water and conversion to nitrogen gas is of great importance. In this study, heterogeneous nanocomposite g-C3N4/kaolinite, due to its natural kaolin substrate has been considered to nitrate reduction in the presence of UV light. The results of nanocomposite photocatalyst analysis using FTIR, SEM, EDS, and XRD instruments have clearly shown that the surface of the kaolin is covered by graphitic carbon nitride. In this work, the nitrate aqueous solution containing nitrate ion (50 ppm) was subjected to a photocatalytic reaction. Nitrate removal results showed the highest rate of nitrate degradation in the first 60 minutes compared with graphitic carbon nitride and kaolin individually. With the removal efficiency of 93.15% using the above method, the initial concentration of 50 ppm reaches 3.5 ppm, nitrate ion, which is below the permissible level of nitrate according to the World Health Organization standard. Therefore, the use of nanocomposite is a convenient choice to remove nitrate from water due to the simplicity of the preparation and commercial access to the raw materials required for synthesis, as well as high efficiency and selectivity to N2 in nitrate degradation and non-contamination of effluent. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Effect of Kaolin Application on Water Stress in Pistachio cv. „Ohadi‟
A. Azizi H. Hokmabadi S. Piri V. Rabie -
Open Access Article
22 - Effect of cut off Irrigation and Foliar Application of Kaolin Clay on Yield and Yield Components of Pumpkin Seed (Cucurbita pepo L.)
M. Khalili F. NejatzadeOne of the most important and valuable plants in the pharmaceutical industry is the hull-less pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L. var. Hamedani) plant, which belongs to the cucurbitaceous family. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of deficit irrigation and kaoli MoreOne of the most important and valuable plants in the pharmaceutical industry is the hull-less pumpkin (Cucurbita pepo L. var. Hamedani) plant, which belongs to the cucurbitaceous family. The aim of this research was to evaluate the effect of deficit irrigation and kaolin clay on yield and yield components of (Cucurbita pepo L.). Experiment was laid out as a split plot design with randomized complete block design with three replications at the field located in Siahbaz village, Khoy district, Iran. The main factors included irrigation at four levels (complete irrigation, deficit irrigation from the shoot stage, deficit irrigation from flowering stage, Deficit irrigation from seed filling stage) and sub-factor including three levels of kaolin (control, 3% kaolin, 6% kaolin) was considered. Analysis of variance showed that the effect of deficit irrigation and kaolin on number of seeds per fruit, fruit yield, 1000 grain weight, grain and biological yield, harvest index, oil and protein percentage, oil yield and protein yield were significant. Analysis of variance showed that irrigation treatment at different growth stages had significant effect on leaf number at 1% probability level, but application of kaolin and interaction of irrigation and kaolin on number of leaves per plant was not significant. The results showed that the highest grain weight (294.55 gr), grain yield (807.2 kg/ha), oil percentage (46.2) and oil yield (373.3 kg/ha) were related to complete irrigation treatment. Irrigation at grain filling stage had no significant effect. Deficit irrigation treatment at the stem stage showed the lowest of studied traits. The highest grain weight (257.07 gr), grain yield (733.7 kg/ha) and fruit yield (23.84 kg/ha) were observed in the 3% kaolin spraying treatment. Kaolin 3% increased oil yield, oil percentage, protein percentage and protein yield compared to control treatment. Interaction between deficit irrigation and kaolin consumption was not significant on any of the traits of pumpkin. According to the results of means of oil and protein yield, complete irrigation and cessation of irrigation at filling of grain, were in a statistical group and there was no significant difference with kaolin 3% and cessation of irrigation in filling of grain, the desired quantitative and qualitative yield can be achieved in Pumpkin. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - Investigation of TiO2 influence on quality of the blends of clays from Semirom and Gheshlagh Mines for using in refractory industry
حسین پایدار جمال طراحIn this project, the blends of two row materials which were made up of clays from Simirom- and Gheshlagh-mines were examined to determine their thermal behavior for production of fire-bricks. The reason of blending these two materials was the high content of TiO2 (5.08 MoreIn this project, the blends of two row materials which were made up of clays from Simirom- and Gheshlagh-mines were examined to determine their thermal behavior for production of fire-bricks. The reason of blending these two materials was the high content of TiO2 (5.08 %) in clay from Gheshlagh and low percentage of titanium-dioxide (1.52 %) in clay from Simirom. Some samples of mixed substances were burned at temperatures of 1340 and 1600 °C for 5 hours. The chemical and mineralogical compositions of the raw and burned materials were determined by using XRF, XRD and SEM. The constituent minerals of the raw material are kaollinite, dickite, geothite and quartz in the clay from Simirom and kaollinite, boehmite, rutile, diaspor(?), dickite, and goethite in the substance from Gheshlagh. The burned mixed materials consisted of mullite, silica and rutile. According to the data resulting of examinations, the suitable mixture of two materials with different contents of TiO2 can make it possible to have an appropriate mixed material for using in refractory industry. Manuscript profile
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