Iqbal

Open Access Article

1 - Man from the perspective of Maulana and Iqbal Lahori (with an approach to science, love and death)
Mohammad Bandani Tarashoki

10.30495/clq.2023.1985491.2555

One of the most important topics that Eastern philosophers and mystics have dealt with is the problem of anthropology, and one of the important components related to it is the knowledge of death, love and the science of man. Different schools and theories are confused i More

One of the most important topics that Eastern philosophers and mystics have dealt with is the problem of anthropology, and one of the important components related to it is the knowledge of death, love and the science of man. Different schools and theories are confused in this matter. Studying about these issues will resolve some mental ambiguities and choose the right path in life. The current research has been done with the aim of examining the human being from the perspective of Rumi and Iqbal Lahori with an approach to science, death and love in a library method.The current research has been done with the aim of examining the human being from the perspective of Rumi and Iqbal Lahori with an approach to science, death and love in a library method. Findings of the research: From the similarities in the thoughts of the two poets: they consider acquiring knowledge as one of the important and influential factors in improving human status. Rumi believes in three sciences, empirical science, job science and Sufi science. His attention is to Sufi science. But Iqbal believes in acquired and present knowledge. Regarding death, both poets consider death and immortality inevitable for all human beings. Rumi considers the type of life and death of a person as a reflection of the conscience and heart of a person, but Iqbal says: true immortality is desirable when a person knows the existential essence of the concept of self. According to both of them, love comes from God. Manuscript profile

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2 - A comparative review of political approaches in the Complete Works of AbulGhasem Al-Shabi and Poetical Works of Iqbal Lahouri
Mahdi Momtahen Leila Ghasemi Haji Abadi Zahra Mohajer Noei

AbulGhasem al-Shabi and Iqbal Lahouri were revolutionary and committed poets who took steps in reforming and consciousness rising of the people. These liberal poets arose against the oppressive rulers of their time and committed themselves to the confront More

AbulGhasem al-Shabi and Iqbal Lahouri were revolutionary and committed poets who took steps in reforming and consciousness rising of the people. These liberal poets arose against the oppressive rulers of their time and committed themselves to the confrontation with oppression and chose figurative and allusive language because of the strangulation that existed in Tunisia and Pakistan in that time. Oppressor in the poetry of Al-Shabi symbolizes French colonialism which symbolizes as a snake. Also British colonialism is symbolized as wolf in the poetry of Iqbal. AbulGhasem al-Shabi and Iqbal Lahouri tried to grow the pearl of divine love in the hearts of their countrymen to trust in God and to overcome and colonialism. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

3 - Adopting the views of Movlavi and Iqbal Lahouri on the issue of the stages of realization of a perfect human being
mohamad bandani Farajullah Barati Goodarz Shateri

10.30495/clq.2021.683762

There are similarities between the poems of Movlavi and Iqbal Lahori that caused these two great poets to be close to each other. The main question in this article is what is the position of human beings from the point of view of Movlavi and Iqbal Lahouri? Examining the More

There are similarities between the poems of Movlavi and Iqbal Lahori that caused these two great poets to be close to each other. The main question in this article is what is the position of human beings from the point of view of Movlavi and Iqbal Lahouri? Examining the poems of these two poets and comparing them in relation to man and its content shows that Movlavi and Iqbal Lahori believe that in the hierarchy of existence, man has entered the world as the last stage of existence, or in other words, it is late in time. But it is considered as the main and ultimate cause of creation and it is considered as the summary of all creatures. Among the commonalities of the views of Movlana and Iqbal Lahori, it is necessary to point out their view of man as a two-dimensional and hierarchical being, the end of the creation of the perfect man, and the superiority of man over other beings. The results indicate that Iqbal Lahouri, in addition to the similarity of his attitude towards Movlana, pays attention to human educational philosophy. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

4 - Breeze of Revelation in Diwan of Boland Iqbal
Ali Choobineh Mohammad Shafiee Navazollah Farhadi

The miracle of Holy Quran, its charm, eloquence, rhetoric and its uniqueness have caused poets to turn to Quran to deepen and enrich their poems. The greatest poets have enjoyed this Divine book in various ways, which makes the poems eternal. In the meantime,  More

The miracle of Holy Quran, its charm, eloquence, rhetoric and its uniqueness have caused poets to turn to Quran to deepen and enrich their poems. The greatest poets have enjoyed this Divine book in various ways, which makes the poems eternal. In the meantime, Mirza Seyyed Razi Mostofi pen – named to Boland Iqbal is one of the anonymous contemporary religious poets who has been able to create an eternal work in a beautiful form of poetry selecting bests from Holy Quran. In this article, with a descriptive – analytical method, the effectiveness of Iqbal's poetries is studied in which in some cases a term or part of a Verse have been adapted directly and, in some cases he has implicitly referred to the verses of Qur'an, and in some cases have turned to the translation. Findings show that the manifestation of Qur'an in the poet's Diwan in various forms indicates the poet's mastery of Qur'an and less pages can be found in his poetry in which the word of revelation does not appear. Manuscript profile

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5 - Symbolic Hallaj between al-Bayati and Iqbal Allahori
Majid Yaaghoobi Firooz Harirchi

Hallaj, facing different circumstances, is considered as a mysterious experience in the history and when he resisted the government, he met his dark fate and condemned to death.  The age in which Hallaj lived was the real renaissance in Islamic thought. Massignon r More

Hallaj, facing different circumstances, is considered as a mysterious experience in the history and when he resisted the government, he met his dark fate and condemned to death.  The age in which Hallaj lived was the real renaissance in Islamic thought. Massignon resembles this age with that of the fifteenth century in the West. But Hallaj was economically belonged to poor rank, and scientifically and intellectually belonged to a high rank. Hallage’s symbolic character played an important role in the modern poetry, and occupied an important space in the poem of contemporary poets like AL-Biati in Arabic literature and Iqbal Al-Lhoori in Persian literature.  Since Hallaj is an Iranian character which occupied an international position, so many contemporary poets in both mentioned literatures- and in accordance with their literary ability- employed this symbolic character to express political and social events. So Al-Biati employed Hallaj as a symbol to express his suffering from being away from home and the tyranny of the government. Also Iqbal Al-Lahoori employed Hllaj,s symbolic character to express his feeling about cosmic creation, bad social conditions and his invitation to the youngs to take necessary steps to reach the real independence. Manuscript profile

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6 - An Investigation of the Musical Role of Rhyme within Javid Nama's Poems by Iqbal Lahouri
azam galehdari Seyed Jafar Hamidi Shamsolhajiyeh Ardalani

Paying due attention to poem's musical elements (such as rhythm, rhyme, Radif) helps the reader to perceive the meaning as well as poet's feelings better. Specially, it is the case for rhyme which is the most important manifestation of music accompanying the poem and it More

Paying due attention to poem's musical elements (such as rhythm, rhyme, Radif) helps the reader to perceive the meaning as well as poet's feelings better. Specially, it is the case for rhyme which is the most important manifestation of music accompanying the poem and it plays a significant role in transfer of the meaning. Investigating such poetic elements not only helps to better make sense of the poem, but also evaluates poet's strength in writing poems. Iqbal Lahouri, a famous Iranian poet, has used rhyme as any other Iranian poets as an instrument to express his emotions and his desired meaning and this study attempts to investigate the musical role of the rhyme by applying an analytical-descriptive approach and by relying upon poems within Iqbal Lahouri's Javid Nama.Strong and various structures of the rhyme, the impact of rhyming letter's resonance in compensation of metre limitations, the expression of the poet's desired emotion, phonetic consistency of verse components with rhyme letters as well as Iqbal's use of imagery devices and creation of artistic rhymes have been evaluated in this study as the main reasons for Javid Nama's poems ear-catching rhymes. Manuscript profile

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7 - Social Thoughts as Seen from the Viewpoints of Rumi and Iqbal
Ali Mohammad Moazzeni Shiva Heydari

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8 - Position of Holy Quran in IqbalLahoori's Persian Poems
Abdollah Rasoulnejad

IqbalLahoori is one of those Muslim and undertaking thinkers and poets who has not restricted himself to one language and territory, but his thoughts and ideas have moved over all ethnical and religious boundaries. Adhered tightly to his poetic message and inspired by c More

IqbalLahoori is one of those Muslim and undertaking thinkers and poets who has not restricted himself to one language and territory, but his thoughts and ideas have moved over all ethnical and religious boundaries. Adhered tightly to his poetic message and inspired by clean revelation sources and having unbreakable bond with pure religious thoughts, he has left an everlasting literary work whose everlasting secret is not in their glamour of words and musical rhythmbut for being derived from his deepfaith in the meaning depth of words and their roles. Iqbal has founded a targeted poetical-philosophical school which considers poetry as an heir of prophecy whose mission is to reform human society.Presenting human grieves and lofty faithconcepts, Iqbal considers amendment of human being and guiding him to his true position in Allah's view as the main mission of poetry. Iqbal inspired by religious concepts and by decorating his poetry with sublime themes and notable Koranic figures, has acquired the celebrated position of the poet of Islam and Quran. In this research, using the descriptive-analytic method, while pointing to Iqbal's some intellectual-philosophical aspects of character and referring to eternality secret of histhoughts, it has been tried to study position of holy Quran in his Persian poems. Results show that Iqbal has dedicated himself to holy Quran willingly by his heart and intellect in order to be inspired by it in his works especially Persian poems. This research also demonstrates that Iqbal has not referred to Quran just for literary purposes such as using Koranic words and phrases in his poetry, but he tended to it as aninviting believer to derive his thoughts and values, far from Sufi interpretations, directly from it. Manuscript profile

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9 - Interpretation of Human Life and Criticism of Modern Reason from the Perspective of Immanuel Kant and Iqbal Lahori
Mohammad Nasiri Garineh Keshishyan Siraki Seyed Ali Mortazavian Farsani

Kant is one of the most important philosophers of the West who, by expressing the limitations of rational thinking while showing reason in a disciplined way, challenges the fundamentalism that had dominated Western philosophical thinking for some time. He believes that More

Kant is one of the most important philosophers of the West who, by expressing the limitations of rational thinking while showing reason in a disciplined way, challenges the fundamentalism that had dominated Western philosophical thinking for some time. He believes that reason is incapable of interfering in all fields. In Kant's philosophy, reason is the highest power of the soul and rational knowledge is the highest level of knowledge. So, the most basic human characteristic is rationality or wisdom, which is the basis of his innate generosity and honor. But Iqbal considers intelligence to be a divine blessing and intends to interpret the world and find out the meaning of life based on a coherent religious thought system consisting of three sources of knowledge, i.e., nature, history and experience. In this article, an attempt was made to determine the commonalities and differences of their thoughts about the interpretation of human life by examining the meaning network of each thinker. The findings indicate that by separating the practical reason from the theoretical reason in the first step, Kant evaluates it as capable of distinguishing morality and action from morality, and it gives mankind the possibility to establish a universal and valid morality. slow and prevents morality from becoming a relative thing, and so that reason does not make mistakes in recognizing morality, it introduces criteria based on which it is possible to distinguish moral behavior from immoral behavior. On the other hand, the most important feature of Iqbal's thought is his critical and tradition-breaking side. He does not consider the human intellect alone to be able to understand the nature of existence, and he considers the need for human connection with life to interpret the world, and the highest level of awareness and thinking of philosophers comes from their ultimate instincts. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

10 - Metodat e ndikimit të Mohammd Ikbal Lahorit në mënyrën e përshtatjes nga Kurani Famëlartë
Ali Zaboli Mehdi Abadi Ahmad Sadeghian aboalghasem asi moznab

10.30495/rpcl.2022.697411

 The manifestation of the divine word in poetry becomes its source of freshness, depth and stability, and the more fruitful the literary work is than the transcendent concepts, the greater its power of influence and influence. Iqbal Lahori is one of the prominent c More

 The manifestation of the divine word in poetry becomes its source of freshness, depth and stability, and the more fruitful the literary work is than the transcendent concepts, the greater its power of influence and influence. Iqbal Lahori is one of the prominent contemporary poets in using the verses of the Quran who has used the verses of the Quran extensively in his poems in various ways. Array of solution and adaptation is one of the most important and effective literary industries in rhetoric and has been used in Iqbal's poetry in various ways that are effective in understanding concepts. Due to the high frequency of this array and its various forms of application, the need for this research is felt. This research, in a descriptive-analytical way, and library tools, seeks to analyze Iqbal poems in which the industry of solving and adapting has been formed using the verses of the Qur'an, and the methods of influencing and interpreting Iqbal from the Qur'an in the ways of using this array. Explore its various semantic aspects and its rhetorical secrets and mysteries. The results of the research show that the rhetoric of the Qur'an, in addition to the effect it has had on Iqbal's thought and language, has also played a significant role in the evolution of all kinds of allusions and guarantees in Iqbal's poetry. Manuscript profile

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11 - The Compare the histories of Iqbal and Pirnia
Maryam Ebrahimi

Historical writing in Iran was roughly one-and-a-half century before and before Iranian acquaintance with the new Western culture and civilization. However, from time to time, historians such as Beyhaghi and others used the method of scientific critique more precisely i More

Historical writing in Iran was roughly one-and-a-half century before and before Iranian acquaintance with the new Western culture and civilization. However, from time to time, historians such as Beyhaghi and others used the method of scientific critique more precisely in terms of the facts and the facts. However, most historians, based on the previous tradition, were able to conceive of the eventuality of the past historians, it may be possible to imagine that either the tradition of historicity was on the same lines or through the social and social unconsciousness or cowardice, or because of lack of understanding of the meaning of events And the events watched some incidents and their perceptions. From the thirteenth century to the present, a new trend emerged in the history of history, which continued until now. Since the beginning of Qajar, there has been a new stream of historiography, one of the manifestations of Iran's encounter with Western civilization. In this research, it is attempted to compare the historiography of two contemporary historians, Hassan Pirnia and Abbas Iqbal, due to the comparison that some of Persiania's conservative nationalists, as one of the oldest methods of historiography While this is not really the case, despite the fact that Pirnia has taken a great step in formulating the history of ancient Iran, it has not taken a step towards the development of historical insights and theorizing on history, and it seems that the late Abbas Iqbal has taken more effective steps in this regard. Manuscript profile

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12 - desire from the scholars in the orbit of the policy of the rulers of Baghdad (with emphasis on the fourth century AH)
saeeid hamidi

10.30495/hstr.2024.1961997.1776

The tendency of political systems to meet the needs of the government has consistently attracted the attention of government officials to the scientists of society throughout history. Because scholars have the capabilities that governments need in their power structure. More

The tendency of political systems to meet the needs of the government has consistently attracted the attention of government officials to the scientists of society throughout history. Because scholars have the capabilities that governments need in their power structure. In this regard, the study of the relationship between Islamic rulers and elites is considered as an important topic in historical research. Thus, studying this issue without being aware of government requirements will be an ineffective and sometimes fruitless effort.The rulers of Baghdad in the fourth century AH realized that creating an alliance between political power and ulema would be the only way to establish their caliphate. Therefore, while welcoming theologians and narrators, they sought to escape political convulsions by employing their capabilities. Accordingly, the main purpose of this descriptive-analytical study is to answer the question of which of Baghdad's political necessities made the caliphate popular with thinkers.A review of library resources shows; The need to control rival caliphs in Andalusia, the need to curb Egyptian Fatimid power, to pretend to be in line with dominant religious beliefs, the desire to revive Etzal, and finally to take advantage of the Shiite capacity in the face of the crisis of absenteeism all attracted the attention of scholars. Manuscript profile

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13 - Investigating the Code of Self "Khodi" in the Thoughts of Allama Iqbal Lahori
Arezoo broomandi

Allameh Muhammad Iqbal Lahori (1877-1938) was a Pakistani Muslim philosopher, reformer, politician, poet, jurist and thinker who is famous in many fields of knowledge, not only in Islamic lands but all over the world. Because of his newfound view of religion, all modern More

Allameh Muhammad Iqbal Lahori (1877-1938) was a Pakistani Muslim philosopher, reformer, politician, poet, jurist and thinker who is famous in many fields of knowledge, not only in Islamic lands but all over the world. Because of his newfound view of religion, all modernists and religious intellectuals owe it to him, and his fame had spread beyond the borders of Islam and the West before it spread among Muslim states. Iqbal Lahori, whose mission he had set for himself and who devoted all his efforts to his mission, was the awakening of the Muslims. For this reason, he composed most of his poems for the awakening of Muslims. The first poem of his divan is self or "khodi's Secrets", on which he builds his other thoughts, and it can be said that he has never strayed from "khodi" since then, and he acted accordingly wherever he paid. His somewhat emotional view of the West frightened the West to the beastly Muslims who had to avoid the culture of the West in order to achieve self. Our main issue in this research is what does Iqbal mean by "khodi"? And what is its purpose? In this article, the author intends to recognize the symbol of "khodi" in Iqbal's thought by using analytical-descriptive method and using library resources and using content analysis technique. The conclusion obtained from this research is that the "khodi" in Iqbal's philosophy is a return to oneself and liberation from self-forgetfulness. Manuscript profile

Open Access Article

14 - The influence of national and patriotic Persian epic in the Poetry of Iqbal Lahori
Alireza Rezaeian Seyed Ebrahim Arman Fateme Emami

Allameh Mohammad Iqbal Lahouri is a prominent and distinguished poet, a defender of national interests and heritage who has an important role in his homeland with its special Islamic boundaries.  The epic of his homeland had always been an integral part of his subl More

Allameh Mohammad Iqbal Lahouri is a prominent and distinguished poet, a defender of national interests and heritage who has an important role in his homeland with its special Islamic boundaries.  The epic of his homeland had always been an integral part of his sublime ideas and novel thoughts.  The gem of his existence sparkles with love for his motherland. He is famed and admired for his constant preoccupation with Islamic nationalism and patriotic activities.  Commemorating his native land and the defense of his country was his prime mission, a motif clearly seen in Persian epic and in the poetry of earlier patriotic poets of Iran. This research was conducted by library method making use of primary and secondary sources as well as internet sources.  The purpose of this article is to explore to what extent patriotic poetry of Iqbal Lahouri was under the influence of patriotic Persian epic since he is considered as a pioneer of patriotic poetry with its special significance in contemporary literature.   Manuscript profile

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