-
Open Access Article
1 - The Impact of the Doctrine of Resistance on International Political Developments
Khosro Vafaei SadiThis article discus the relationship between the Doctrine of Resistance and political developments in Iran's foreign policy, as well as in regional and international politics. It begins by discussing the issue of instability, insecurity, and war in the Middle East in th MoreThis article discus the relationship between the Doctrine of Resistance and political developments in Iran's foreign policy, as well as in regional and international politics. It begins by discussing the issue of instability, insecurity, and war in the Middle East in the 21st century, and questions the influence of political movements on the region's developments. In response to this question, the article presents a multi-layered hypothesis, which is explained in three sections. The hypothesis suggests that the Islamic Doctrine of Resistance, as the most significant political, cultural, and military movement, has had a significant impact on military-political developments. In fact, the comprehensive impact of the Islamic Resistance movement on Iran's foreign policy, the developments in the Middle East, and international politics and system constitute the overall structure of this hypothesis. The mobilization, organization, training, and deployment of volunteer forces from various Islamic countries against the Western invading and occupying front led by the United States and regional allies such as Israel and Saudi Arabia have been the most important function of the Islamic Resistance front. Through the formulation of grand and shortcut strategies, designing operations, long-term planning, and overall management, the Islamic Resistance movement, led by the 21st-century strategist martyr Qasem Soleimani, has been able to overcome heavy and unprecedented military attacks on the Middle East and achieve significant victories in regional and international arenas, inflicting heavy losses on the enemy front. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
2 - The role of general international law in the field of globalization
hossein shahraki عسگر جلالیانThe globalization process of public international law is said to be a set of processes by which countries become increasingly connected and dependent. In the era of globalization, which is the era of transcending national territories and entering the global context, plu MoreThe globalization process of public international law is said to be a set of processes by which countries become increasingly connected and dependent. In the era of globalization, which is the era of transcending national territories and entering the global context, pluralism increases and governments get out of their limited form and find a global territory. The importance of globalization is due to the fact that in the present era, the nature of power has changed and besides governments, international civil organizations, international non-governmental organizations, international interstate organizations, informal multilateral organizations, parties, media,Ethnic groups, syndicates, multinational companies, individuals and international public opinion have also played a role, which has caused the international system to become polygonal; Therefore, due to the erosion of the sovereignty of the states along with the fading of the borders, we are witnessing a change in the activity and function of the states in the space of interaction and competition with transnational and subnational actors, and due to the assimilation and homogenization of rules, concepts and certain legal institutions at the domestic and international levels. It becomes international.syndicates, multinational companies, individuals and international public opinion have also played a role, which has caused the international system to become polygonal; Therefore, due to the Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
3 - New terrorism: A Theoretical Framework
ابوذر Gohari moghadamInternational terrorism can be defined in the framework of international systemchanges. To do so, in this article we try to describe terrorism through theglobalizations’ different aspects. In better words, this essay is a theoreticalexplanation of the new terroris MoreInternational terrorism can be defined in the framework of international systemchanges. To do so, in this article we try to describe terrorism through theglobalizations’ different aspects. In better words, this essay is a theoreticalexplanation of the new terrorism by applying some globalization effects on theindividual especially the South people. Presenting a new framework of analysis toexplain new terrorism, this article is to mention the main globalization aspectsnaming political, economic, cultural and technological on occurring new terrorism.Globalization process has created a dozen of phenomena such as emerging newnon-governmental actors, weak states, international crimes, great immigrations,merging of different races, information & technologic revolution, distribution ofWMDs etc. These elements beside the other main factors of globalization causemeaning and identity crisis in under developing countries and specially groups andindividuals of the South. To project this crisis the individuals resort to ideology andreligion to find or redefine their identity. They try through ideology to escape fromfrustration and in this way if they access to WMDs the results of their actions is newterrorism Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
4 - Constructivism: A Conceptual Framework for Understanding the Islamic Republic of Iran’s Foreign Policy
علیرضا AzghandiIn this article, the author intends to explain the IslamicRepublic of Iran’s foreign relations in the post Iran-Iraq war era,using the constructivist theory and emphasizing the awareness of the characteristics of the fourth debate in internationalrelations field. MoreIn this article, the author intends to explain the IslamicRepublic of Iran’s foreign relations in the post Iran-Iraq war era,using the constructivist theory and emphasizing the awareness of the characteristics of the fourth debate in internationalrelations field. The application of the above theory, which isanalyzed as the most recent approach in international relations,is intended to answer the question that whether constructivismcould play an explanatory and interpretative role in the studyof Iran’s foreign policy and relations. This article coversthree sections the first of which describes constructivism ininternational relations and the next sections scrutinize AlexanderVent’s opinions on constructivism, and the Iranian foreign policyfrom this perspective. The author reaches the conclusion thatas long as the structure of international system differentiatesbetween the actors constituting the system and there is a lackof a realistic recognition of the nature of the structure, none ofthe approaches including realism, liberalism and constructivismis an appropriate choice in the study and analysis of the IslamicRepublic’s foreign policy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
5 - Constraints to Iran’s Regional Supremacy
سیدجلال DehghaniThe new pan-regional approach of Iran’s foreign policy hasits own grpples with the fundemental problem of internal andinternational relations. The rule of the game could be and should bethe direct result of evolution of Iran’s inter-regional and foreign poli MoreThe new pan-regional approach of Iran’s foreign policy hasits own grpples with the fundemental problem of internal andinternational relations. The rule of the game could be and should bethe direct result of evolution of Iran’s inter-regional and foreign policy.This is an welcome opening of this matter that will outline much ofthis progressive agenda in four section: Theoratical arrangements,structural indicators, regulation features, international systemsreaction. The author has produced a critique of different doctrines:the neo-realism approach, international system, structure organizing,structuralistic apporach. He concludes that for the foreseeablefuture, the bedroch of Iran’s pan-regionalism will remain bilateralagreements, collective alliance among the entire region on a regularbasis. New arrangements are needed to deal with distinct sets of issues in international and regional system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
6 - The Application of James Rosenau's Theory of Continuity in the Analysis of Regionalism in the Second Pahlavi Regime
Hossein Hassan Pour Dehnavi Ahoura Rahbar Ahmad Bakhshi Ali MomammadzadehThe purpose of the present study is to review Iran's regionalism in the second Pahlavi regime based on James Rosenou's theoretical approach by using its variables including decision making personality, role, government, community, and international system. The method of MoreThe purpose of the present study is to review Iran's regionalism in the second Pahlavi regime based on James Rosenou's theoretical approach by using its variables including decision making personality, role, government, community, and international system. The method of study is descriptive analysis and the results showed that the two variables of international system and decision making personality are the most important variables effective on the process of foreign policy and Iran's regionalism in that time period. Iran's regionalist politics in the second Pahlavi regime have been in line with power structure in the international system and based on national interests. Furthermore, Iran in that period, under the influence of bipolar structure and cold war and based on Mohammad Reza Shah's temperament and personality as the most important person in decision making and implementation of foreign policy demanded superiority and authority in the region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
7 - Changing Scenarios in the International System and Their Effects on Iran’s Acting
Hadiseh Koliaee Amin Ravanbod AliMohammad HaghighiThe purpose of the present study is to identify likely structures for the future international system and to understand their effectiveness on Iran’s opportunities and limitations. The methodology of the present research is qualitative that has used a futurologist MoreThe purpose of the present study is to identify likely structures for the future international system and to understand their effectiveness on Iran’s opportunities and limitations. The methodology of the present research is qualitative that has used a futurologist scenario to identify likely structures of the international system. The main research question is: what are scenarios that can change the international system and what will be their consequences and effects on Iran’s relations and acting? The research results show that the occurrence of the scenario of a multipolar international system is more likely than a bipolar or unipolar one. In each scenario, countries have 3 general options: companionship including union or following, competition including creating balance, tolerating the challengers, and adopting an opposition policy towards the existing pole or poles in the world. The scenario of a multipolar world will bring the most capabilities and opportunities for Iran while the unipolar scenario led by the U.S will increase Iran’s limitations. On the other hand, the bipolar scenario compared to the unipolar one led by the U.S enhances Iran’s opportunities. Iran’s membership in the Shanghai Cooperation Organization will assist Iran to create more opportunities to meet its national interests through the bipolar scenario revolving around the U.S and China. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
8 - The normalization of tension in US-Iran relations from the perspective of ontological security
farideh amani Abas mokarami mohhamad sotodeRelations between Iran and the United States have undergone tensions and divergences after the Islamic Revolution in Iran. So that perspective of both countries regarding international issues is in contrast with each other. Although each of these two countries, at some MoreRelations between Iran and the United States have undergone tensions and divergences after the Islamic Revolution in Iran. So that perspective of both countries regarding international issues is in contrast with each other. Although each of these two countries, at some points, tried to talk about a number of issues that guaranteed their security and mutual benefits, but many factors interrupted it and prevented detente in bilateral relations between the two countries. Bilateral relations have been established between the two countries. Accordingly, the question is why, despite the direct and indirect contacts and negotiations between the two countries, Iran and the United States have not yet established their bilateral official relations?.Based on the theory of ontological security, it is assumed that the hostility of Iran and the United States due to basic conflict has become common for both countries, and none of these two countries want to unsettle these normal relations and endanger its ontological security by establishing official relations.The findings of this study indicate that, given the continuous lack of official relations and lasting hostility between the parties for many decades and also giving identification basic disputes, ontological security has become very important to them. This paper uses a descriptive analytical method to advance its hypothesis. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
9 - Geopolitical features of Iran and formulation of a national strategy with an emphasis on foreign policy
Heidar Lotfi Somayeh Tarnas Zeinalabedin Karami Maryam Arabgari -
Open Access Article
10 - Political Sanctions and Its Impact on Contracts Based on Jurisprudence and Legal Solutions.
khosro معرعلیان Beytollah Divsalar Fakhrollah MolaiThe purpose of the current research is political sanctions and its impact on contracts based on jurisprudence and legal solutions, and the research method is descriptive-analytical. In the current conditions of contracts and obligations, they are heavily influenced by t MoreThe purpose of the current research is political sanctions and its impact on contracts based on jurisprudence and legal solutions, and the research method is descriptive-analytical. In the current conditions of contracts and obligations, they are heavily influenced by the political conditions of the country and the increasing price. And the lack of stability in the market has led to a severe loss to the obligee, who must compensate for it. It may cause unbearable difficulties for the obligee and lead him to the abyss of economic collapse. Now the question is whether the commitment of these people is still binding according to the sanctions or it can be changed according to the changes in the situation. However, due to unforeseen events, it is possible to revise the provisions of the contract and provide a clear and explicit solution in these cases based on jurisprudence. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
11 - Comparing the Role of Obama and Trump in the US Foreign Policy Approach to the International System
Mohammadreza Jalali Barenji Bahram Yousefi Rouhollah Shahabi hamed Ameri ZGholstaniThis article compares the role of Obama and Trump in the US foreign policy approach to the international system; In the Obama administration, the use of all components of power and not only militarism was used. While Trump's foreign policy has axes such as power-seeking MoreThis article compares the role of Obama and Trump in the US foreign policy approach to the international system; In the Obama administration, the use of all components of power and not only militarism was used. While Trump's foreign policy has axes such as power-seeking, nationalism or protectionism, and opposition to the promotion of democracy in the world, in this framework, power-oriented becomes important in American foreign policy. This article is responsible for answering the question, what was the foreign policy approach of the United States of America in restraining the great powers during the presidency of Obama and Trump? In response to this question, the hypothesis of the article is that what differentiates presidents from each other is only in relation to their management methods and priorities and their perception of the quality of the US foreign policy approach to the international system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
12 - Explaining Change in the Structure of International System Facing Iran
Hadiseh Koliaee Amin Ravanbod ali mohammad haghighiThe purpose of this article is to explain the change in the structure of the international system and examine the possible future structure of the international system that Iran will face. In the present research, the authors have investigated the main mechanism of the MoreThe purpose of this article is to explain the change in the structure of the international system and examine the possible future structure of the international system that Iran will face. In the present research, the authors have investigated the main mechanism of the change in the structure of the international system, i.e. the rise and fall of great powers, using the descriptive-analytical method. The authors believe that the current structure of the international system cannot be defined by the concept of polarity. The current structure of the international system includes a superpower (America) alongside China as a challenger and candidate to become a superpower in the future and several big powers (European Union, Russia, Britain and Japan) and this structure will continue in the short term.The Islamic Republic of Iran can be placed in a state of neither friend nor enemy in relation to other great powers. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
13 - Recognition of the validity of the sanctions of the Islamic Republic of Iran on the territory of U.S.sovereignty laws
Seyed Hossein Mortazavi Malek Zolghadr Farshid JafariSeyed Hossein Mortazavi [1], Malek Zolghadr [2]*,Farshid Jafari[3] Abstract: After the election of Ahmadinejad as president, foreign policy changed, and this change became evident not only in domestic politics but also in foreign policy. Especially in nuclear MoreSeyed Hossein Mortazavi [1], Malek Zolghadr [2]*,Farshid Jafari[3] Abstract: After the election of Ahmadinejad as president, foreign policy changed, and this change became evident not only in domestic politics but also in foreign policy. Especially in nuclear policy, it pursued a policy of inflexibility and incompatibility. The purpose of writing this article is to answer the question of what factors c­a­u­sed the incompatibility and disregard for Security Council resolutions by the ninth and tenth governments in nuclear policy, according to the decision-making model of the James N.Rosenau Accession Plan, and our aim is to prove this. It is hypothesized that according to James N. Rosenau's decision-making model, the factor (international environment-political system) has been more e­ff­ective than other factors (individual-role-society) in incompatibility and in adopting Ahmadinejad's policy of resistance in nuclear policy. [1]. PhD Student in International Relations, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran [2]. Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran,Corresponding Author [3]. Assistant Professor, Department of International Relations, Zanjan Branch, Islamic Azad University, Zanjan, Iran Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
14 - Shanghai Cooperation Organization and the Permanent Membership of Islamic Republic of Iran
Alireza Rezaie Abbas SalehiShanghai Cooperation Organization with its two permanent members (Russia and China) of UN Security Counci, having more than one-third of the world population, vast territory and economic ability, heralds a potentially powerful coalition in the future. Islamic Republic o MoreShanghai Cooperation Organization with its two permanent members (Russia and China) of UN Security Counci, having more than one-third of the world population, vast territory and economic ability, heralds a potentially powerful coalition in the future. Islamic Republic of Iran, with its present observational role in this organization and the demand to become its permanent member, leads to certain implications which within the framework and opportunities of membership facilitate the analysis of Iranian foreign policy. In this article, we aim to assess Iranian membership in this organization on four dimensions of Iranian politics, security, economic and culture. On this basis, we, first apply theoretical explanation of the origin and continuation of Shanghai Organization. Having done that, we then study the effect of Iranian membership in this organization on four foretold dimensions. Finally, probability and improbability of permanent membership of Islamic republic of Iran will be discussed and suggestions are made to the Iranian diplomatic approaches. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
15 - Balanced-Oriented Order: The Russian Pattern of Order in the Post -Cold War International System
Alireza RezayiThe theory of international relationship is concerned with how to cope with the problems arising in the international arena and/or try to bring order among nations. Hence, the science of the international relationships can be defined as the study of systematic order. In MoreThe theory of international relationship is concerned with how to cope with the problems arising in the international arena and/or try to bring order among nations. Hence, the science of the international relationships can be defined as the study of systematic order. In the discussion of international order, we must distinguish between the demand and the supply of order and that is because some of the world actors are demanding order rather than trying to provide it. It is also noteworthy that in the discussion of international actors, international order depends more on the governments rather than nongovernmental organizations and individual actors. The role playing of great powers such as the United States, Russia, China and the European Union in bringing order in the international arena becomes determining factors. The present study aims to the role of Russian pattern of order in the post- cold war period in the international system. To understand the objective of Russia in this period, we analyze the Russian pattern of the international order in the framework of the concept of "balanced-oriented order" which is intended to create political-military equilibrium of power. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
16 - The international future order scenario in the years leading to 2030
ali asghar naeimi amirhoshang mirkooshesh ali mohammadzadehFrom the past, predicting the future and that the global system will be in accordance with its various variables, both the side and the other, and the political actors and the governing authorities in order to supply national interests and safeguard and protect their in MoreFrom the past, predicting the future and that the global system will be in accordance with its various variables, both the side and the other, and the political actors and the governing authorities in order to supply national interests and safeguard and protect their independence and territorial integrity, as well as a concern and issue. Therefore, actors of the international arena, which are the same political countries, compete with other actors in order to redress their citizens ' rights, and pursue unwritten conflicts. Therefore, due to the efforts of some effective activists, including China, Russia and the European Union to form the governing order of the international arena, or to change and transform it, have a writer with a multi-scenario design, the future of international order in the years leading to 2030 using scenario-oriented approach in the theoretical framework of the idea of the cause of mining. Therefore, it can be predicted that, in addition to the growing economic, military, political and diplomatic growth of China, alongside the Russian offensive approach and the increasing nationalism of the European Union, at the end of the Third Decade of the twenty-one ad we will not only see the stresses and changes in international order, but also the ruling system of its current form and the Monopolator towards a single - Multipolar system with us and a few Influential focus including China, Russia and the European Union will redirect. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
17 - The Pattern of Great Powers' Behavior in Management of Syria International Crisis in a Uni-Multipolar System
محمد رضا دهشیری Moslem GolestanAbstract The study of the pattern of great powers' behavior in international crises management is worth attention for researchers specially when in the post-Cold War era the structure of international system has undergone change and has become complicated. In the prese MoreAbstract The study of the pattern of great powers' behavior in international crises management is worth attention for researchers specially when in the post-Cold War era the structure of international system has undergone change and has become complicated. In the present article the authors want to apply structural realism theory for analyzing the pattern of Syrian crises management by the great powers in the uni-multipolar system. According to structural realism, the change in the structure of international system from bipolar in the Cold War era to unipolar, and after that to uni-multipolar has led to the change of processes of international system and as a result of these changes (structure and process) of the pattern of great powers behavior and crisis management would be different. The main question of this article is that how the characteristic of the uni-multipolar system have affected the great power's behavior pattern in dealing with the management of the Syria's crisis? On this basis, the article by adopting explanatory-analytical approach and with the library based methodology wants to examine the hypothesis that the constraints of the uni-multipolar system has turned the great powers' pattern of behavior into asymmetrical balance of power in the sphere of international politics and specially in dealing with Syria's crisis management. The asymmetrical balance of power as a pattern of behavior makes use of different tools like institutional tool, coalition, aggression and sanction to manage the crises. The level of research analysis in the article according to structural realism theory is the third image or international system level. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
18 - BRICS and Foreign Policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran
abdilreza seifi mohammadbagher khorramshadBRICS is the acronym for an association of five major emerging national economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. Originally the first four were grouped as "BRIC" (or "the BRICs"), before the induction of South Africa in 2010. The BRICS members are all l MoreBRICS is the acronym for an association of five major emerging national economies: Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa. Originally the first four were grouped as "BRIC" (or "the BRICs"), before the induction of South Africa in 2010. The BRICS members are all leading developing or newly industrialized countries, but they are distinguished by their large, sometimes fast-growing economies and significant influence on regional affairs; all five are G-20 members.As of 2015, the five BRICS countries represent over 3.6 billion people, or about 41% of the world population; all five members are in the top 25 of the world by population, and four are in the top 10. The five nations have a combined nominal GDP of US$16.6 trillion, equivalent to approximately 22% of the gross world product, combined GDP (PPP) of around US$37 trillion and an estimated US$4 trillion in combined foreign reserves Overall the BRICS are forecasted to expand 4.6% in 2016, from an estimated growth of 3.9% in 2015. The World Bank expects BRICS growth to pick up to 5.3% in 2017.In this article analyze Foreign Policy Strategies of the Islamic Republic of Iran and BRICS politics in the international system. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
19 - An Analysis of the Chinese School of International Relations: Moral Realism
nozar shafieeThe purpose of this article is to review the theory of international relations from the perspective of Chinese scholars. One of the most important Chinese theories of international relations is moral realism, which originates from the Tsinghua school. The main question MoreThe purpose of this article is to review the theory of international relations from the perspective of Chinese scholars. One of the most important Chinese theories of international relations is moral realism, which originates from the Tsinghua school. The main question of this article is what is the attitude of this theory in international relations? Moral realism seeks to show why and how an emerging power such as China can replace existing hegemonic power. As one of the pioneers of moral realism, Yan Xuetong sees the cause of this issue as a quality of political leadership. Active and pioneering political leadership as an essential element of a country's political strength can, by adhering to state and global ethics, multiply a nation's comprehensive national strength (resulting from political, economic, cultural, military capability) in an emerging country, increase its international authority, and ultimately place it in the leadership position of the international order. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
20 - A Comparative Analysis of American Policy Towards International System: With emphasis on presidents Obama and Trump
Mohammad Reza Jalali bahram yousefi Rouhollah Shahabi Hamed Ameri GolestaniThis article looks at America's policy regarding international system during Obama and Trump presidency. This research tries to answer the question as to what role did the "individual"variables(Obama and Trump)play in America's approach towards international system, and MoreThis article looks at America's policy regarding international system during Obama and Trump presidency. This research tries to answer the question as to what role did the "individual"variables(Obama and Trump)play in America's approach towards international system, and how influential they were? In answering this question, therefore, the hypothesis of the article is:" given the deciding role of presidents in American foreign policy making; and also the difference in terms of thought and outlook bye the two presidents, the " individual" variable has had a great influence on America's approach to international system. The purpose of this article is to examine the extent to which the "individual" factor influences the US approach to the international system and the scientific and realistic knowledge of Obama and Trump's personality traits and their impact on US foreign policy and the US approach to the international system. Based on the findings of the article, it can be said that the role and influence of individual variables in the foreign policy of this country has been high at this time; So that their foreign policy was due to the fact that they were two different and somewhat contradictory personalities, which originated mainly from their individual characteristics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
21 - Possible scenarios about Russia's use of nuclear weapons in the Ukraine war
MOHAMMADHAMED KIANI Mohammad Reza Aghareb Parast Bashir Esmaeili GonharaniRussia's military conflict in Ukraine, which began in February 2022 has global dimensions and various effects on the politics, economy and security of the international system. In the meantime, the evaluation of possible scenarios has a special place from the perspectiv MoreRussia's military conflict in Ukraine, which began in February 2022 has global dimensions and various effects on the politics, economy and security of the international system. In the meantime, the evaluation of possible scenarios has a special place from the perspective of future studies.The main question of this article:What scenarios can be imagined if Russia uses nuclear weapons? The hypothesis that is raised following the mentioned question is that the use of nuclear weapons by Russia will have major geopolitical, geostrategic and geoeconomic effects for global security in the short and long term. The present article tries to present some possible scenarios in relation to the future of this war and its effects on the international system in the framework of scenario planning and using the descriptive-analytical method with emphasizing on component of nuclear weapons.For this purpose, offensive realism has been chosen as theoretical framework to better explain the behavior of the Russian government in Ukrainian war.The findings of the research show that Russia's use of nuclear weapons can, on the one hand, lead to a mutual reaction by the United States and NATO, and on the other hand, instead of helping to disarm nuclear weapons, lead to its spread Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
22 - The Impacts of Technological Improvements and Regional Crises on National Missile Defence
Ebrahim MotaghiAmerica's national missile denfence is subject to technological capacities and manpower potentials of this country. The security crises can be accounted as a complement to the technological means if the international system is in a chaotic status. The investigation of A MoreAmerica's national missile denfence is subject to technological capacities and manpower potentials of this country. The security crises can be accounted as a complement to the technological means if the international system is in a chaotic status. The investigation of America's strategic behavior based on technological components in strategic denfence domain is the major focus of this study. The concept of National Missile Defence was proposed for the first time in early s. President Ronald Regan believed in absolute restraining policy towards the USSR which provided the instruments and technology needed for confronting its strategic threats against Europe, USA, and the Western World. This approach paved the way for the development of Strategic Defence Initiative (SDI). George Schultz, America's foreign minister during , was one of the prominent pioneering features regarding this strategy. America's defence program was generated in the s when the conservative parties, gradually, consolidated their position within the American power structure and the chance for reconstruction and restitution of cold-war defence plans was created. These people believed that the military power is among those instruments that can not be disregarded in international politics. This power-centered approach affected the America's strategic perception and attitude one more time. This study emphasizes the role of conservative strategists, on the one hand, who have adjusted their denfence programs in line with international threats, and on the other hand, have expressed their pessimistic views towards Iran and regarded this country as a factor of instability in the domain of international politics. In this way, US denfence program became two-edged that stood against strategic and security targets of Iran and also played an inhibiting role against Russia's further power-seeking efforts. In this situation, the theme of missile defence was reconsidered in the America's strategic planner's agenda. The new title was National Missile Defence which represents that US strategic goals remained fixed but its addressees changed. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
23 - The Structure of Government in the Middle East
Seyed Javad Emamjomehzadeh Jaafar NaghdiIn the developed world of post-Westphalia era whatever we pass from the past to present we notice the regular reduction of the power of government in favour of non-governmental actors. The Middle East also as one of the regions of the world has such characteristic. In o MoreIn the developed world of post-Westphalia era whatever we pass from the past to present we notice the regular reduction of the power of government in favour of non-governmental actors. The Middle East also as one of the regions of the world has such characteristic. In other words the process of formation of government in the Middle East and the emergence of several elements along with the government shows that the power of the government is reducing in favour of nongovernmental actors. This subject is being studied by making use of three traditions of English school( international system, international community and the world community) and comparing that with structure of the government in the Middle East and the move from international system towards world community. The present article shows that the structure of the government in the Middle East consists of elements which fall within three said traditions category. While we witness the increasing power of the governments and very little interaction of them with each other (international system) there are common intergovernmental institutions (international community) simultaneously supra-national movements of relatively popular nature like Pan Arabism and Pan-Islamism show themselves (world community) . Nevertheless, the process of move is in a direction which one can notice the regular transition from international system towards existing world community in developed world (West) and similar transition is happening in the Middle East. In fact that is seen in recent developments of the Middle East and North Africa although the tradition of international system in the Middle East is more powerful as compared to other two traditions (international community and world community). Therefore the main purpose of the present article is showing the trend of the move of the structure of the government in the Middle East from the tradition of international system toward international community and world community. Alongside this transition the quality of the interaction is also of great importance in forming the structure of government in the Middle East. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
24 - The Security Regime of the Caspian Sea after the Disintegration of the Soviet Union till 2009: The Obstacles and the Challenges
Hossein Ahmadi Darab Jalil PiranWith the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991 the littoral states of the Caspian Sea got independence. These countries got a new and special geopolitics، economic، security and cultural position. The birth of the new states brought a change in international system MoreWith the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1991 the littoral states of the Caspian Sea got independence. These countries got a new and special geopolitics، economic، security and cultural position. The birth of the new states brought a change in international system. The big powers and the littoral and contagious states also faced new problems. The presence of extra-regional powers like the United States and its allies like Israel، Turkey and Azerbaijan added to the complicacy of the problems. There are international issues which have its impact on the Caspian Sea region. These issues are the expansion of NATO towards east، the installation of missile defence shield in Eastern Europe with the aim of extension of their influence to the Caspian Sea region. The attitudes of Iran، Russia and China towards the developments of this region are among the important developments which have so far taken place. Some of the observers believe that a new cold war has started. The main question which the present article is raising is what are the obstacles and challenges before the security regime of the Caspian Sea region? The hypothesis of the article emphasizes on the point that the competition of the United States، Russia، China and Iran has created obstacles and challenge for the formation of security regime of the Caspian Sea security regime. The article is also examining the repercussions of these competitions on the process of formation of security regime of the Caspian Sea region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
25 - Security of Energy and Relations of European Union with Central Asian Countries
Ali Sabbaghian Abas SarvestaniAbstract The geo-economic position and the extent of oil and gas reserves in Central Asia in the past two decades have given an important place to this region in international equations. Besides that, the occurrence of 11September 2001 terrorist attacks and the neighbo MoreAbstract The geo-economic position and the extent of oil and gas reserves in Central Asia in the past two decades have given an important place to this region in international equations. Besides that, the occurrence of 11September 2001 terrorist attacks and the neighborhood of Central Asia with crises centers and issues like terrorism, cultivation and smuggling of narcotic drugs and fundamentalism have raised the geopolitical importance of the region and prepared the ground for big powers presence. The dispute between Russia and Ukraine in 2008 and 2014 and suspension of natural gas supply to European countries necessitated the search for new source of energy by European Union and they thus, turned to the expansion of relations with Central Asian countries. The sphere of relations was further expanded after the Lisbon Treaty which was an attempt to bring efficiency and coherence to EU place in international system. This convention emphasized on propagation of European values and expansion of relations of EU with the developing countries. The present article examines the causes and grounds of changing role of energy in cooperation of European Union with Central Asian countries and the role and impact of Lisbon Treaty in expansion and institutionalization of these relations in the past two decades. The main question raised by the paper is; what is the place of Central Asia in security of energy of European Union? The underlying hypothesis is the use of energy by Russia as a lever for putting pressure against European Union also the growing need of European Union for import of energy sources have prepared the ground for expansion of cooperation between the European Union and the Central Asian countries. While the relations of European Union with Russia is strained, the expansion of relations of European Union with Central Asian countries can facilitate the process of putting pressure on Russia and will lead to a better negotiating power for European Union vis-à-vis Russia. The finding of the study shows that the European Union has come to the conclusion that asymmetric and imbalanced dependence on Russia for energy and the security threat and repercussion resulted from it in recent years can be balanced by expansion of relations with Central Asian countries and diversification of sources of energy. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
26 - Analysis of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation Organization
Mohammad Reza FarajiAfter the disintegration of the Soviet Union and Eastern Bloc the international system underwent dramatic change and bipolar system gave its place to a unipolar system led by the United States. Besides this structural change, the development in the field of science and MoreAfter the disintegration of the Soviet Union and Eastern Bloc the international system underwent dramatic change and bipolar system gave its place to a unipolar system led by the United States. Besides this structural change, the development in the field of science and technology has led to the evolution and diversity in international actors and issues. All these developments led to the emergence and evolution of international organizations and the increased role of them in international arena. After 1990s we witness the growth and increase in the number of regional and global international organizations. This growth indicates the importance of regions, regional organization and regional integration in recent years. One of these regional international organizations is the Black Sea Economic Cooperation Organization. The present article examines the function and performance of the Black Sea Economic Cooperation Organization by a descriptive-analytical method. The finding of the study shows that the organization was primarily established with the aim of maintaining peace, stability and friendly relations among the member states but some member countries are interested to join the European Union and consider this regional organization as a stepping stone for joining European Union. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
27 - Idea Centric Order: the United States of America's Pattern of Order in Post Cold War International System
Alireza RezaeiWhen the power structure changes in international politics in that situation the possibilities and ground for cooperation and new challenges are created and the pattern of relations among the actors will be adjusted out of traditional structure. In transition from bipol MoreWhen the power structure changes in international politics in that situation the possibilities and ground for cooperation and new challenges are created and the pattern of relations among the actors will be adjusted out of traditional structure. In transition from bipolar structure the Americans considered themselves as the triumphant of the cold war and tried to establish their position in international system. The post cold war era created a suitable ground for the implementation of strategic objectives of the United States as the remaining pole of the world order. This referred to the effort of the United States leaders for consolidating their hegemony in post cold war international system. The question which arises is that how can we explain the United States pattern of international order in post cold war era? The underlying hypothesis is that the United States pattern of order in post cold war international order is within the framework of "idea centric order". In idea centric order the hegemony of the single pole designs and manages the world، regional and local dynamics. The idea centric order is based on certain norms، ways، patterns، rules، and criteria which the dominant player formulates، implements and justifies in the direction of its own national interests. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
28 - The Role of Obama and Trump's Foreign Policy on International System Structure
Yosef Shahmohammadi Hassan Khodaverdi Mohammad Reza Dehshiri -
Open Access Article
29 - The Decline of the Structural Power of the United States of America and the Consequent Effects on the Relations Between Saudi Arabia and the Islamic Republic of Iran (2001-2020)
Sajjad Hasani Hassan Khodaverdi Garineh Keshishyan SirakiThe United States, as the dominant power in the structure of the international system, has been in decline since 9/11, and a gradual trend has emerged in its hegemonic position. Iran and Saudi Arabia, as two important regional players, were not unaffected by these chang MoreThe United States, as the dominant power in the structure of the international system, has been in decline since 9/11, and a gradual trend has emerged in its hegemonic position. Iran and Saudi Arabia, as two important regional players, were not unaffected by these changes in US power and the situation of this country in the structure of the international system. Changes in US power and position in this structure have also affected Saudi Arabia's relations with Iran in the Middle East security order. The question that arises in this regard is what effects the change in the position of the United States in the structure of the international system after 9/11 has had on the security order in the Middle East and, consequently, on the relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia. In the present article, an attempt is made to provide a suitable explanation of the subject by combining the theoretical propositions of neorealism and hegemonic stability using a descriptive-analytical method. The required information has been collected by library method and referring to valid internet sources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
30 - Investigating Security Challenges in the Contemporary International System with Emphasis on Economic, Human Rights and Environmental Components
Khademali Tahzibi Reza Simbar Garineh Keshishyan Hassan Khodaverdi -
Open Access Article
31 - Ukraine crisis: Trends and Perspectives
Majid Divsalar -
Open Access Article
32 - The Impact of US Strategy on Identity Conflicts between the Islamic Republic of Iran and the European Union
Farzaneh Rahmati Mohammadreza Dehshiri -
Open Access Article
33 - Explanation of Theoretical Basics of Analysis of the World Order
Alireza Rezaei -
Open Access Article
34 - The position of the Persian Gulf in China's energy security
Majid abbasi Mohammad ZareeNowadays, it seems power is the airplane that can descends in all lands for which infrastructures and facilities have been provided. Understanding this feature of power and providing appropriate infrastructures from earlier decades, China has anticipated the landing of MoreNowadays, it seems power is the airplane that can descends in all lands for which infrastructures and facilities have been provided. Understanding this feature of power and providing appropriate infrastructures from earlier decades, China has anticipated the landing of power’s airplane in its territory. In the literature of International Relations what is called ‘the power shift from the Atlantic to the Asia-Pacific’ can be an evidence for this claim. However, the crucial issue which must fuel china power’s airplane is the energy supplies and how to provide the stability and security of energy. Any fluctuation in the field of energy could enflame the problems accumulated inside Chinese society and destabilize the relationship between societal and political systems. It could challenge the china power and its status as a great power and affect actual international order as well. This article attempts to study the effect of Persian Gulf region as energy supplier on China energy security in several periods and the evolution of Chinese view about the Persian Gulf region. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
35 - Future perspectives on the international order based on the conceptual model of the transition theory
mohsen biuckOne of the most distinguishing features of the modern international system is the dynamic nature of its orders. Despite the long rule of some types of international orders, these ruling orders were never permanent and changed and transformed on a regular basis. In gener MoreOne of the most distinguishing features of the modern international system is the dynamic nature of its orders. Despite the long rule of some types of international orders, these ruling orders were never permanent and changed and transformed on a regular basis. In general, in international relations literature, the period of transition or the transition period in the international system is defined as the time between the appearance of signs of deterioration of the traditional order and the formation of a new order. The period of transition in the international system has certain characteristics, and understanding these characteristics will greatly help policymaking and the way governments act to direct the future of the international order. In addition to explaining the characteristics of the transitional phase in the current international system, this research will use a descriptive-analytical approach and library study tools to draw consensus on the future of the international system. The research's findings demonstrate that, in accordance with conceptual evolution, semantic rotation, and theoretical rotation in the literature and concepts of international relations and the international system in transition, the inclusiveness and scope of the changes will be significantly wider than the change in official processes between governments. From this perspective, it will lead the world towards a pluralistic, multi-centered, multii-regional international order. The difference between this order and the traditional multipolar system will be the relative transition from the Westphalian and Western-oriented international system to the world-oriented international system, as well as the emergence of global politics. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
36 - Examining Saudi Arabia's position in US foreign policy regarding Iran's anti-hegemonic role.
sajad hasani arsalan ghorbani-e sheikhneshin Hassan Khodaverdi Garineh Keshishyan SirakiThe governing structure of the international system and, consequently, the Middle East order, which is influenced by the arrangement, competition, and interaction of regional actors and interregional intervening powers, have particular effects and consequences on the re MoreThe governing structure of the international system and, consequently, the Middle East order, which is influenced by the arrangement, competition, and interaction of regional actors and interregional intervening powers, have particular effects and consequences on the relations of actors in the Middle East. Organizes the surface of regular areas. The relations between the Islamic Republic of Iran and Saudi Arabia and the patterns of interaction and friendship-enmity between the two countries are also a function of the formulations of the structure of the international system and the order of the Middle East. The question of the present article is that what effect does the anti-hegemonic emergence of the Islamic Republic of Iran have on the position of Saudi Arabia in US policy (considering the superior role of the US in the structure of the international system) in the West Asian region? Findings of the article Using neo-realist theoretical propositions show that Washington, in the context of its superior role in the structure of the international system, uses Riyadh as a geopolitical, geostrategic and geocultural weight to maintain balance. It looks at regional forces and countering the emergence and expansion of anti-hegemonic powers such as Iran. This article has been done through qualitative-interpretive method and inference of information through existing documents with descriptive-analytical approach and case information. The need has also been collected by taking methods from available and available sources, including: books, articles in domestic scientific research quarterly and foreign articles, reputable sites and Internet resources, and so on. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
37 - The reflection of generations of human rights on north-southrelations
Hadi nasiri mehdi zakerian abdolali ghavam aliasghar kazemizandThe evolution of human rights on the one hand and the universality of this concept on the other hand have left a tremendous impact on the international system. In this evolution, we see the presence of three different regimes of human rights, including civil rights, soc MoreThe evolution of human rights on the one hand and the universality of this concept on the other hand have left a tremendous impact on the international system. In this evolution, we see the presence of three different regimes of human rights, including civil rights, social political rights, and collective rights; The justice-oriented view of human rights has been the most important goal of this process in the past 60 years. The effects of this concept on the relations between North and South countries is one of the topics that has been neglected in previous researches.In the present article, the basic question is "what role has human rights played in the convergence of these two areas, considering the growing gap in North-South relations". In response to this question, it can be hypothesized that "despite different perceptions and the priority of the specific interests of each country (both in the North and the South), paying attention to the universality of human rights and the third generation can reduce this gap." This article tries to examine the three concepts of human rights and the close relationship between human rights and development to show that technology transfer can bring new opportunities for southern countries. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
38 - China in Latin America: goals and strategies Drivers of China's foreign policy developments in Latin America and the Caribbean
roya nezhadzandieh mostafa almasin the present international system, the spread and appearance of China has changed into an important and unavoidable matter. That's why this previous regional power, has come to act in the domain of world and extraterritorial context. It has also presented itself as reg Moren the present international system, the spread and appearance of China has changed into an important and unavoidable matter. That's why this previous regional power, has come to act in the domain of world and extraterritorial context. It has also presented itself as regional area power.. Latin America is one of those in which China has had a growing presence. This research is going to find the reason why china is present in the area and to find out the consequences of this presence in terms of Robert Kagan theory. So the authors are to validate this theory: china in the way of increasing power and also balancing geopolitical against the United states and as an answer to America's presence in the south-East of Asia, china has defined Latin America as an important country in its foreign policy. Then three solution including political, financial، military and security matters are investigated considering the fact that countries are trying to increase their level and influence. Findings of the research show that when a power comes to surface in the international system and searches for increasing power and advancing influence in politics and economics, it will do so through different sources and internal, international capacities. The presence of china in Latin America is looked at around this matter. So china needs to be present in Latin America in order to achieve an international power through a multilateral policy and using smart power. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
39 - Analysis of the Impact of Climate Change on International Security
Masoud AKHAVAN KAZEMI Tayebeh Sadat Hoseini Fereshteh BahramipoorToday, environmental concerns, has become a serious security question in international relations and created a major inquietude for statesmen and policy makers. Since environmental problems caused by climate change are becoming more serious, it would transform to an inf MoreToday, environmental concerns, has become a serious security question in international relations and created a major inquietude for statesmen and policy makers. Since environmental problems caused by climate change are becoming more serious, it would transform to an influential variable in internal or international conflicts. Climate changes not only destroy human natural habitats but also disrupt social arrangements and increase the likelihood of violent conflicts and endanger peace and international security and affect the environmental justice. The aim of this study is to identify threats and environmental factors resulting from climate changes and analyze their effects on peace and security in the international system. The findings of this study suggest that future climate changes have un undeniable impact on national integration of societies and on the peace and stable security in the international system and will cause the new types of disputes. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
40 - Brics Unfinished Coalition and Its Relationship with the Islamic Republic of Iran
Jahanbakh Izadi Mostafa Motahari.khAbstract: The global economy in the paradigm shift from the parameters is dominated by the west towards the multipolar is emerging economic powers in the different continents which the Brix Group is a symbol of this approach. In fact, the most important concern to the s MoreAbstract: The global economy in the paradigm shift from the parameters is dominated by the west towards the multipolar is emerging economic powers in the different continents which the Brix Group is a symbol of this approach. In fact, the most important concern to the south and of the main dilemmas in international relations in the last half century, when non Western countries also with understanding the complexity of these relations is doubly; in this regard. It seems to Iran in order to use its own resources and capabilities to the new definition of their relations on the basis of value - criteria ideological confrontation with the West and to provide their national interests, communication and interaction with an institution like Brics. This paper in its official is benefiting from the analytical few resources, while the definition of the nature of the goals and challenges facing Brics and the impact on the role of transnational group in the international system and how they interact with each other and other nations. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
41 - Donald Trump's Economic Nationalism and the Networked Approach to US Foreign Policy
hossein deheshyar seyed amir sina nouraniThe U.S has turned to economic nationalism with Trump's inception that poses many risks to economic liberal order; however, this decision has its own reasons. So the main question of this study is, what are the reasons for Trump's adoption of nationalist economic polici MoreThe U.S has turned to economic nationalism with Trump's inception that poses many risks to economic liberal order; however, this decision has its own reasons. So the main question of this study is, what are the reasons for Trump's adoption of nationalist economic policies? The hypothesis is that, according to networked approach in US foreign policy, Trump's adoption of nationalist economic policies in the domestic dimension is due to the attraction and retention of his supporters who have widespread fears of the dangers of the current world economic order and have suffered many losses. They are considered to be a loser. Also on the foreign side, the rise of emerging economic powers and the threat of a US economic position that will extend to other sectors in the long run are another reason for adopting these policies. The purpose of this study is to clearly explain the reasons for Trump's adoption of economic nationalism based on networked approach in US foreign policy. Trump has won by linking economic nationalism with conservatism. On the other hand, he has turned to economic nationalism due to US economic challenges and slowing growth of other countries, especially China, which is expected to surpass the US by 2030. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
42 - The Paradox of America's Foreign Policy in Syrian Crises
Mohammad sadegh Kooshki Mahjobeh KarimiIn the view of most analysts, the US foreign policy in the Syrian civil war has been very passive and ambiguous. Over the four years of civil war in Syria passed and the US has failed to adopt a firm stance against the crisis and arming the opposition, or full-scale mil MoreIn the view of most analysts, the US foreign policy in the Syrian civil war has been very passive and ambiguous. Over the four years of civil war in Syria passed and the US has failed to adopt a firm stance against the crisis and arming the opposition, or full-scale military attack on Syria remains uncertain. The resulting discontent among some American allies like Saudi Arabia and passive policies of Washington was considered. The root of this confusion was the ambiguous foreign policy strategy in relation to the confrontation with the Islamic awakening and overall outcome of US confusion in foreign policy at regional and international levels was evident. America’s credibility and global power relations on the one hand and undermine Washington's allies like Saudi Arabia and Israel in this regard can be summarized Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
43 - The Effects of September 11 Incident on Russia’s Position in the International System (2001-2010)
SeyedMohammad Tabatabaie Razieh HazratiAbstract September 11 incident leaded to some principle changes in international security and many see it evens more important than the results of the Cold War. This incident not only changed the structure of international system, but made countries to redefine their f MoreAbstract September 11 incident leaded to some principle changes in international security and many see it evens more important than the results of the Cold War. This incident not only changed the structure of international system, but made countries to redefine their foreign relations. US relation with its rival in Cold War, Russia, entered into a new stage. The question studied in this paper is: “what are the effects of 9/11 on Russia`s position in international system?” The hypothesis is that the 9/11 incident leaded to an increasing role of Russia in the international system according to the security and political requirements of the US. In this article, the reasons of cooperation between Russia and US is based on offensive realism, US security and its political requirements of the after 9/11 and its effects on the increasing importance of Russia`s position in international system are carefully studied. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
44 - The Explanation of the Eleventh Cabinet Nuclear Diplomacy in Iran by Applying the Decision-making Theory of Roseanau
Seyed Amir Niakoee Mohsen ZamaniBy the triumph of moderates in the eleventh presidential election in Iran, the Iranian foreign policy in general and more specifically its nuclear diplomacy has changed dramatically so that the compromise strategy has overcome the confrontation orientation. The present MoreBy the triumph of moderates in the eleventh presidential election in Iran, the Iranian foreign policy in general and more specifically its nuclear diplomacy has changed dramatically so that the compromise strategy has overcome the confrontation orientation. The present paper is to explain the factors behinds this dramatic change by applying the decision making theory of James Rosenau. The findings of the paper illustrate that respectively the international system; individual and social factors are more determinant factors and have crucial roles in the Iran’s nuclear diplomacy since 2013. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
45 - Analysis of Russia’s Foreign Policy in the Middle East
Ebrahim Motaghi Morteza Omrani -
Open Access Article
46 - The Cinema and Soft Power, comparative politics of America and China
sadegh zibakalam jalil bayat The China's stunning economic growth in the past few decades has increased the likelihood of emerging a global superpower. However, in most researches, the importance of non-material dimensions of power has been neglected. Undoubtedly Concentration on the More The China's stunning economic growth in the past few decades has increased the likelihood of emerging a global superpower. However, in most researches, the importance of non-material dimensions of power has been neglected. Undoubtedly Concentration on the material dimensions of power has flaws and certainly it does not yield a comprehensive account of analysis. Thus the idea of "soft power" that was suggested by Joseph Nye would be required to fill gaps in this realm of research. Accordingly, one of the cultural resources of soft power is definitely cinema. Undoubtedly, cinema as strong tool of soft power plays a great role in propagating and shaping of norms and values. In this sense, film can be aligned with the values of others and play a major role in a country's international objectives. So, In this paper, we try to survey the cinema (as a tool of soft power) in America and China. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
47 - Russia's approach to the Middle East security order (2018-2010)
Mahrokh Shahraki Mehdi HasanRaji Mahdi TusiThe geopolitical and geostrategic importance of the Middle East has made the region a special place in Russia's strategic thinking. Vladimir Putin, the most prominent politician in Russia after the collapse of the Soviet Union, declares his desire to restore Russia to a MoreThe geopolitical and geostrategic importance of the Middle East has made the region a special place in Russia's strategic thinking. Vladimir Putin, the most prominent politician in Russia after the collapse of the Soviet Union, declares his desire to restore Russia to a position of great and constructive power, and regional dynamics and disasters are a good opportunity to prove his claims.Meanwhile, the beginning of Arab Spring developments since late 2010 and the emergence of signs of transition in the regional and international security arrangements have provided a good basis for the arrival of Moscow into the Middle East's equations of power.In this regard, the main question of the present study is that the Russian Federation has adopted an approach to the Middle East security order in the period after the Arab Spring?The findings of the research show that the Russian approach to the Middle East after the Arab Spring based on signs of Russian realism, including soft balance, balanced relations with all actors, including strategic and tactical alliances with regional actors, and finally, the direct equilibrium And has played a balanced role against the United States. The research methodology is descriptive-analytic based on qualitative method and data collection method is library and internet resources. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
48 - The anelysis of International Relation´s significances in English School and Realism aspect
Masoumeh Ghanilou Seyyed Farshid Jafari pabandi سعید وثوقیRealism and English School from the main schools in international relation history and maintained their place in international relation study. in attendance to role of theories in understanding of international phenomenones, it is necessary to have a complete and precis MoreRealism and English School from the main schools in international relation history and maintained their place in international relation study. in attendance to role of theories in understanding of international phenomenones, it is necessary to have a complete and precise view about them. So in this article first we have some explain about Realism and English School then four concept "Int. system", "balance of power", "Int. law", "Int. institutions", are choicen because of their significance in Int. relations study. Then the viewpoint and definition of both theory about concepts are analyzing and their accordance are evaluate. In the result of this comparison, compatibility of two schools is evaluated and analyzed. The out comes of this research shows that two schools have a similar point to four concepts. So against of current viewpoint about English School as a viamedia, this school both in goal and basis is more similar to Realism. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
49 - The Importance of Central Eurasia in Geopolitical Competition among Great Powers
Afshin Zargar Sina SayadThis article is seeking to answer this question that why the central Eurasian region is important in geopolitical competition among major powers? Many of scientists believe that with the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of Cold War, the era of geopolitical theor MoreThis article is seeking to answer this question that why the central Eurasian region is important in geopolitical competition among major powers? Many of scientists believe that with the collapse of the Soviet Union and the end of Cold War, the era of geopolitical theories and competition Great Powers in Eurasia has ended. But in 1990s that weakened Russia improved its peaceful relations with the west, west expanded its borders toward east and central Asia in form of NATO. The beginning of 2000 and September 11 led to west under the excuse of fighting with terrorism increase its presence more than ever in central Asia. Russia was being restored its former power, act of west is regarded as a threat for Russia, and this is the beginning of the confrontation between two rival in the Central Eurasia. On the other hand, power vacuum that arose after the collapse of the Soviet Union in Central Eurasia, draw attention of many powers in to this geopolitics and geostrategic area. This paper explains the competition among regional and extra-regional powers with the aim of geopolitical advantage in Central Eurasia. Manuscript profile -
Open Access Article
50 - The modern international system and the development of the role of takfiri jihadism in the Arab world
Yoosof SeifyTakfiri jihadism is an international identity that has challenged the modern international system at different levels. The ideology of this movement has been theorized by the Arab Islamists and it receives most of its forces from the Arab world. The process of expansion MoreTakfiri jihadism is an international identity that has challenged the modern international system at different levels. The ideology of this movement has been theorized by the Arab Islamists and it receives most of its forces from the Arab world. The process of expansion and consolidation of the contemporary international system in the Arab world coincides with the birth and development of takfiri jihadism in this region. This research questions the role of the international system in the spread of radical political Islam in Arab societies. The research conducted in this area shows that the crisis in nation-state building, identity crisis, crises caused by modernity or the social or religious contexts of violence in Arab and Islamic societies have been effective in the tendency of the Arab world towards this radicalism. Using constructivist and post-colonial theories, this research shows that the Arab world's understanding of the modern international system, which is a function of the evolution of this system, has faced a paradigm shift over the past century, and this change has created the ground for the role of takfiri jihadism. Is. In the new paradigm of the modern international system, it is completely denied according to the understanding of political Islam. This system is considered an evil structure against Arabs and Muslims, and Jihad against it and all its henchmen is a priority for Arabs and Muslims. Manuscript profile
Sanad
Sanad is a platform for managing Azad University publications
Links
Related Centers
Technical Support
Official pages
The rights to this website are owned by the Raimag Press Management System.
Copyright © 2021-2024